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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第3期19卷 656-667页

作者： azam borzouei MirAhmad MOUSAVI SHALMANI Ali ESKANDARI Nuclear Agriculture Research School Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute(NSTRI)

In order to study the effects of different levels of salt stress and nitrogen(N) on physiological mechanisms,carbon isotope discrimination(△13C),and yield of two wheat cultivars(cv.),a two-year field experiment was carried out during *** treatments included three levels of salt stress(1.3,5.2,and 10.5 dS m^-1),three levels of N(50,100,and 150 kg N ha-1),and two wheat cultivars,Bam and *** salt stress,N application(100 and 150 kg N ha^-1) produced a significant effect on both cultivars with respect to physiological traits,i.e.,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(gs),chlorophyll index(Cl),Na^+/K^+ ratio as well as the grain yield(GY).The salt-tolerant and-sensitive cultivars exhibited the maximum values of physio-biochemical and yield attributes at 100 and 150 kg N ha-1,*** results of △13C showed a significant difference(P<0.001) between wheat cultivars under the control and salt *** to our result,salt-tolerant cultivar Bam seems to be more efficient in terms of higher GY,Pn,gs,Cl,and lower Na^+/K^+ ratio as well as higher △13C as compared with salt-sensitive cultivar Toos,under salt ***,a significant positive correlation that observed between △13C and GY,indicated that △13C may be an effective index for indirect selection of yield potential in wheat under irrigation regimes with saline water.

关键词： net photosynthetic rate stomatal conductance chlorophyll index carbon isotope discrimination

Effects of the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin and the plant growth regulator gibberellic acid on yield-scale nitrous oxide emission in maize fields under hot climatic conditions

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Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 323-331页

作者： Khadim DAWAR Kamil SARDAR Mohammad ZAMAN Christoph MÜLLER Alberto SANZ-COBENA Aamir KHAN azam borzouei Ana Gabriela PÉREZ-CASTILLO Department of Soil and Environmental Science University of Agriculture PeshawarPeshawa 25000(Pakistan) Soil and Water Management&Crop Nutrition Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food&AgricultureP.O.Box 100Vienna A-1400(Austria) Institute of Plant Ecology Justus Liebig UniversityHeinrich-Buff-Ring 26Giessen D-35392(Germany) School of Biology and Environmental Science University College DublinBelfieldD04 V1W8(Ireland) Management of Environment and Agricultural Risks(CEIGRAM) ETSIAABUniversidad Poliécnica de MadridMadrid 28040(Spain) Agricultural Research School Nuclear Science and Technology Research InstituteP.O.Box 31465/1498Karaj(Iran) Environmental Pollution Research Center(CICA) University of Costa RicaMontes de Oca 11501(Costa Rica)

Nitrification inhibitors are widely used in agriculture to mitigate nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emission and increase crop ***,no concrete information on their mitigation of N_(2)O emission is available under soil and environmental conditions as in Pakistan.A field experiment was established using a silt clay loam soil from Peshawar,Pakistan,to study the effect of urea applied in combination with a nitrification inhibitor,nitrapyrin(2-chloro-6-tri-chloromethyl pyridine),and/or a plant growth regulator,gibberellic acid(GA_3),on N_(2)O emission and the nitrogen(N)uptake efficiency of *** experimental design was a randomized complete block with five treatments in four replicates:control with no N(CK),urea(200 kg N ha^(-1))alone,urea in combination with nitrapyrin(700 g ha^(-1)),urea in combination with GA_3(60 g ha^(-1)),and urea in combination with nitrapyrin and GA_*** N_(2)O emission,yield,N response efficiency,and total N uptake were measured during the experimental *** treatment with urea and nitrapyrin reduced total N_(2)O emission by 39%–43%and decreased yield-scaled N_(2)O emission by 47%–52%,relative to the treatment with urea *** maize plant biomass,grain yield,and total N uptake increased significantly by 23%,17%,and 15%,respectively,in the treatment with urea and nitrapyrin,relative to the treatment with urea alone,which was possibly due to N saving,lower N loss,and increased N uptake in the form of ammonium;they were further enhanced in the treatment with urea,nitrapyrin,and GA_3 by 27%,36%,and 25%,respectively,probably because of the stimulating effect of GA_3 on plant growth and development and the reduction in biotic and abiotic *** results suggest that applying urea in combination with nitrapyrin and GA_3 has the potential to mitigate N_(2)O emission,improve N response efficiency,and increase maize yield.

关键词： fertilizer use efficiency greenhouse gas emission mitigation N response efficiency N uptake efficiency N_(2)O flux plant growth hormone urea

Nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin does not affect yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions in a tropical grassland

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Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 265-278页

作者： Ana Gabriela PÉREZ-CASTILLO Cristina CHINCHILLA-SOTO Jorge Alberto ELIZONDO-SALAZAR Ronny BARBOZA Dong-Gill KIM Christoph MÜLLER Alberto SANZ-COBENA azam borzouei Khadim DAWAR Mohammad ZAMAN Environmental Pollution Research Center(CICA) University of Costa RicaMontes de Oca 11501(Costa Rica) Alfredo Volio Mata Experimental Station University of Costa RicaOchomogo 30304(Costa Rica) Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources Hawassa UniversityP.O.Box 128Shashemene(Ethiopia) Institute of Plant Ecology Justus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff Ring 26Giessen 35392(Germany) School of Biology and Environmental Science University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4(Ireland) Research Center for the Management of Environmental and Agricultural Risks(CEIGRAM) Department of Chemistry and Food Technology(ETSIAAB)Universidad Politécnica de MadridMadrid 28040(Spain) Nuclear Agriculture Research School Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute(NSTRI)Karaj 31465-1498(Iran) Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences The University of AgriculturePeshawar 25000(Pakistan) Soil and Water Management&Crop Nutrition Section Joint Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO)/International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and AgricultureDepartment of Nuclear Sciences and ApplicationsIAEAVienna International CentreP.O.Box 100Vienna 1400(Austria)

Urea is the most common nitrogen(N)fertilizer used in the tropics but it has the risk of high gaseous nitrogen(N)*** of nitrification inhibitor has been suggested as a potential mitigation measure for gaseous N losses in N fertilizer-applied *** a field trial on a tropical Andosol pastureland in Costa Rica,gaseous emissions of ammonia(NH_(3))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)and grass yield were quantified from plots treated with urea(U;41.7 kg N ha^(-1)application^(-1))and urea plus the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin(U+NI;41.7 kg N ha^(-1)application^(-1)and 350 g of nitrapyrin for each 100 kg of N applied)and control plots(without U and NI)over a six-month period(rainy season).Volatilization of NH_(3)(August to November)in U(7.4%±1.3%of N applied)and U+NI(8.1%±0.9%of N applied)were not significantly different(P>0.05).Emissions of N_(2)O in U and U+NI from June to November were significantly different(P<0.05)only in October,when N_(2)O emission in U+NI was higher than that in *** and crude protein production of grass were significantly higher(P<0.05)in U and U+NI than in the control plots,but they were not significantly different between U and U+*** was no significant difference in yield-scaled N_(2)O emission between U(0.31±0.10 g N kg^(-1)dry matter)and U+NI(0.47±0.10 g N kg^(-1)dry matter).The results suggest that nitrapyrin is not a viable mitigation option for gaseous N losses under typical N fertilizer application practices of pasturelands at the study site.

关键词： ammonia volatilization Andosol Costa Rica field trial gaseous N loss greenhouse gas emission urea

Effects of the nitrification inhibitor nitrapyrin and tillage practices on yield-scaled nitrous oxide emission from a maize field in Iran

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Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 314-322页

作者： azam borzouei Ulo MANDER Alar TEEMUSK Alberto SANZ-COBENA Mohammad ZAMAN Dong-Gill KIM Christoph MÜLLER Ali Askary KELESTANIE Parvaneh SAYYAD AMIN Ebrahim MOGHISEH Khadim DAWAR Ana Gabriela PÉREZ-CASTILLO Agricultural Research School Nuclear Science and Technology Research InstituteKaraj 31465-1498(Iran) Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences University of TartuTartu 51014(Estonia) Higher Technical School of Engineering(ESTI) Technical University of MadridMadrid 28040(Spain) Soil and Water Management&Crop Nutrition Joint Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)/International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food&AgricultureVienna A-1400(Austria) Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources Hawassa UniversityP.O.Box 128Shashemene(Ethiopia) Department of Plant Ecology University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 26Giessen D-35392(Germany) School of Biology and Environmental Science University College DublinBelfield D04 V1W8(Ireland) Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources University of GorganGorgan ***(Iran) Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding College of Agriculture and Natural ResourcesUniversity of TehranKaraj ***(Iran) Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences Agricultural University PeshawarPeshawar 25130(Pakistan) Center of Environmental Contamination Investigation University of Costa RicaMountains of Oca 1150(Costa Rica)

Nitrification inhibitors can effectively decrease nitrification rates and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emission while increasing crop yield under certain ***,there is no information available on the effects of nitrification inhibitors and tillage practices on N_(2)O emissions from maize cropping in *** study how tillage practices and nitrapyrin(a nitrification inhibitor)affect N_(2)O emission,a split factorial experiment using a completely randomized block design with three replications was carried out in Northeast Iran,which has a cold semiarid *** main plots were created with conventional tillage and minimum tillage levels,and two nitrogen(N)fertilizer(urea)management systems(with and without nitrapyrin application)were created as *** level did not have any significant effect on soil ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))and nitrate(NO_(3)^(-))concentrations,cumulative amount and yield-scaled N_(2)O emission,and aboveground biomass of maize,whereas nitrapyrin application showed significant *** application significantly reduced the cumulative amount of N_(2)O emission by 41%and 32%in conventional tillage and minimum tillage practices,respectively.A reduction in soil NO_(3)^(-)concentration by nitrapyrin was also *** average yield-scaled N_(2)O emission was 13.6 g N_(2)O-N kg^(-1)N uptake in both tillage systems without nitrapyrin application and was significantly reduced to 7.9 and 8.2 g N_(2)O-N kg^(-1)N uptake upon the application of nitrapyrin in minimum tillage and conventional tillage practices,***,nitrapyrin application increased maize biomass yield by 4%and 13%in the minimum tillage and conventional tillage systems,*** results indicate that nitrapyrin has a potential role in reducing N_(2)O emission from agricultural systems where urea fertilizers are broadcasted,which is common in Iran due to the practice of traditional farming.

关键词： conventional tillage cumulative emission minimum tillage nitrogen use efficiency N_(2)O flux soil inorganic nitrogen urea

Nitrapyrin effectiveness in reducing nitrous oxide emissions decreases at low doses of urea in an Andosol

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Pedosphere 2021年第2期31卷 303-313页

作者： Mayela MONGE-MUÑOZ Segundo URQUIAGA Christoph MÜLLER Juan Carlos CAMBRONEROHEINRICHS Mohammad ZAMAN Cristina CHINCHILLA-SOTO azam borzouei Khadim DAWAR Carlos E.RODRÍGUEZ-RODRÍGUEZ Ana Gabriela PÉREZ-CASTILLO Environmental Pollution Research Center(CICA) University of Costa RicaMontes de Oca 11501(Costa Rica) Embrapa Agrobiology Rod.BR 465km 7SeropédicaRJCEP 23891-000(Brazil) Institute of Plant Ecology Justus Liebig University GiessenHeinrich-Buff Ring 26Giessen 35392(Germany) School of Biology and Environmental Science University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4(Ireland) Soil and Water Management&Crop Nutrition Section Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and AgricultureDepartment of Nuclear Sciences and ApplicationsInternational Atomic Energy AgencyVienna International CentreVienna 1400(Austria) Nuclear Agriculture Research School Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute(NSTRI)Karaj ***(Iran) Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences University of AgriculturePeshawar 25000(Pakistan)

In the tropics,frequent nitrogen(N)fertilization of grazing areas can potentially increase nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)*** application of nitrification inhibitors has been reported as an effective management practice for potentially reducing N loss from the soil-plant system and improving N use efficiency(NUE).The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the co-application of nitrapyrin(a nitrification inhibitor,NI)and urea in a tropical Andosol on the behavior of N and the emissions of N_(2)O from autotrophic and heterotrophic nitrification.A greenhouse experiment was performed using a soil(pH 5.9,organic matter content 78 g kg^(-1),and N 5.6 g kg^(-1))sown with Cynodon nlemfuensis at 60%water-filled pore space to quantify total N_(2)O emissions,N_(2)O derived from fertilizer,soil ammonium(NH_(4)^(+))and nitrate(NO_(3)^(-)),and *** study included treatments that received deionized water only(control,NI).No significant differences were observed in soil NH_(4)^(+)content between the UR and UR+NI treatments,probably because of soil mineralization and NO_(3)^(-)produced by heterotrophic nitrification,which is not effectively inhibited by *** 56 d,N_(2)O emissions in UR(0.51±0.12 mg N_(2)O-N concluded that the soil organic N mineralization and heterotrophic nitrification are the main processes of NH_(4)^(+)and NO_(3)^(-)***,it was found that N_(2)O emissions were partially a consequence of the direct oxidation of the soil's organic N via heterotrophic nitrification coupled to ***,the results suggest that nitrapyrin would likely exert significant mitigation on N_(2)O emissions only if a substantial N surplus exists in soils with high organic matter content.

关键词： autotrophic nitrification heterotrophic nitrification mineral N ^(15)N tracer nitrification inhibitor tropical grass

Natural resource scarcity,fossil fuel energy consumption,and total greenhouse gas emissions in top emitting countries

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第2期15卷 85-99页

作者： Jiannan Wang Waseem azam College of Economics and Management South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhouChina Groupe Ecole de Commerce de Lyon LyonFrance Institute Supérieur de l’Environnement-ISE LYON France

Natural resource scarcity,fossil fuel energy consumption,and total greenhouse gas emissions are critical issues that require immediate *** the global population steadily increasing and economies expanding,the demand for natural resources,particularly fossil fuels,has experienced an unprecedented *** surge in consumption is directly linked to the alarming rise in greenhouse gas *** study examines the nexus between agricultural nitrous oxide emissions and natural resource scarcity,taking into account the dynamics of agriculture,forestry,fishing value addition,fossil fuels,and total greenhouse gas emissions in top-emitting countries between 1971 and *** resource scarcity positively correlates with agriculture,forestry,fishing,fossil fuel energy consumption,and total greenhouse gas *** is a decrease in natural resource scarcity in countries that emit agricultural nitrous oxide,forestry,fishing emissions,fossil fuel energy consumption,and greenhouse gas ***-makers may promote sustainable development,mitigate climate change,and ensure the longterm viability of agricultural systems by addressing the dynamics of agriculture,forestry,and fishing value addition in top-emitting *** strategic policy interventions,supported by technology transfer,capacity building,and market-based instruments,the agricultural,forestry,and fishing sector can achieve a more sustainable future while addressing the challenges of natural resource scarcity.

关键词： Resource scarcity Non-renewable energy CO_(2)emissions Top-emitting countries

Determination of the desiccation behavior of clay slurries

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第6期27卷 981-988页

作者： Khan Faseel Suleman azam Shahid Environmental Systems Engineering University of Regina Regina SK S4S 0A2 Canada

The main objective of this study was to determine the desiccation behavior of clay slurries. A clay slurry with high water adsorption capacity(W_L = 180%,W_P 60%,W_s = 20) was used to determine the soil water characteristic curve(SWCC), shrinkage curve, and hydraulic conductivity. The last parameter was determined similar to the Instantaneous Profile Method using evaporation tests. Results indicated that the clay slurry had an air entry value(AEV) of 1000 kPa and a residual suction of 5000 kPa that occurred at the plastic limit and the shrinkage limit, respectively. The discrepancy between theoretical and measured shrinkage limit was due to the gradual increase in clay particle contact. Unlike soils, the saturated hydraulic conductivity varied by two orders of magnitude(4×10 ~10 m/s at 20 kPa to 3 x 10 ~12 m/s at AEV). The unsaturated k further decreased to 10 ~14 m/s at 6 x 10~4 kPa beyond which vapor flow took place.

关键词： Clay slurry Soil water characteristic curve Shrinkage curve Unsaturated hydraulic conductivity Instantaneous Profile Method

A Length Function for Weyl Groups of Extended Aitine Root Systems of Type A1

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Algebra Colloquium 2015年第4期22卷 621-638页

作者： Saeid azam Mohammad Nikouei School of Mathematics Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM) P.O. Box 19395-5746 Tehran Irtm Department of Mathematics University of Isfahan P.O. Box 81745-163 Isfahan Iran

. In this work, we study the concept of the length function and some of its combinatorial properties for the class of extended affine root systems of type A1. We introduce a notion of root basis for these root systems, and using a unique expression of the elements of the Weyl group with respect to a set of generators for the Weyl group, we calculate the length function with respect to a very specific root basis.

关键词： afline reflection system extended affine root system length function Weylgroup extended afflne Weyl group

Enhancing water splitting via weakening H_(2) and O_(2) adsorption on NiCo-LDH@CdS due to interstitial nitrogen doping: A close look at the mechanism of electron transfer

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第6期30卷 118-130,I0004页

作者： azam Pirkarami Sousan Rasouli Ebrahim Ghasemi Department of Nanomaterials&Nanocoatings Institute for Color Science and Technology(ICST)TehranIran Inorganic Pigment and Glazes Department Institute for Color Science and TechnologyTehranIran Center of Excellence for Color Science and Technologies Institute for Color Science and TechnologyTehranIran

This paper is a report on the development of a convenient approach to fabricating a very efficient hybrid photoelectrocatalyst for water *** photoelectrocatalyst consists of nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide as the core,cadmium sulfide as the shell,and nitrogen,hence NiCo-LDH@*** the electrocatalytic activity to be improved,the H_(2) and O_(2) binding energy needs to be *** interstitial nitrogen doping on NiCo-LDH@CdS can increase electrocatalytic activity to a great ***@CdS nanoparticles are obtained by subjecting to nitriding the NiCo-LDH@CdS electrode coated with polyvinylpyrrolidone *** electrode has a large specific surface area,allows fast transfer of electrons,and exhibits long-term *** experimental results presented in this paper reveal that interstitial nitrogen doping largely reduces H_(2) and O_(2) binding energy and lowers the activation barrier for the formation and splitting of water.

关键词： Water splitting Interstitial nitrogen doping Nitriding Two-redox/semiconductor liquid junction Hydrogen evolution reaction Oxygen evolution reaction

Evaluation of restoration success in arid rangelands of Iran based on the variation of ecosystem services

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Journal of Arid Land 2023年第11期15卷 1290-1314页

作者： Mohsen SHARAFATMANDRAD azam KHOSRAVI MASHIZI Department of Ecological Engineering Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of JiroftJiroft ***Iran

The plantation of non-native species is one of the most expensive ecological restoration measures in arid and semi-arid areas,while its impacts on local communities are largely *** study assessed the rate of change and the dynamic degree of the economic values of ecosystem services related to local conservation(water yield,stocking rate and aesthetic value)and preserving the future(carbon sequestration,soil protection,soil stability and habitat provision)to determine the restoration success of the plantation of non-native species Haloxylon ammodendron(***.)Bunge ex Fenzl(15-and 30-year-old)in parts of arid rangelands of Bardsir region,Kerman Province,*** investigated the impacts of the two plantations on the seven ecosystem services and ecosystem structures(horizontal and vertical structures,vegetation composition and species diversity)based on field sampling and measurements at four sampling sites(i.e.,control,degraded,and 15-and 30-year-old plantation sites)in spring and summer of *** restoration success of the plantation of non-native species was then examined by assessing the rate of change and the dynamic degree of the total economic value of all ecosystem services as well as the rate of change and the dynamic degree of the economic values of ecosystem services for the two groups(local conservation and preserving the future).Although the plantation of non-native species *** enormously improved the vertical and horizontal structures of ecosystems,it failed to increase species diversity and richness ***,despite the plantation of non-native species *** had significantly increased the economic values of all ecosystem services,it was only quite successful in restoring carbon *** analysis showed that plantation age had a significant impact on restoration success directly and indirectly(through changing ecosystem structures and services).The dynamic degree of the economic values of ecosystem services r

关键词： Haloxylon ammodendron restoration success ecosystem services ecosystem structures arid ecosystems path analysis Iran