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Agroecosystems, Landscapes and Knowledge of Family Farmers from AramaçáIsland, Upper Solimões Region, Amazon

Agricultural Sciences 2018年第10期9卷 1369-1387页

作者： ayrton luiz urizzi martins Sandra do Nascimento Noda Hiroshi Noda Lúcia Helena Pinheiro martins Elisabete Brocki Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias (FCA) Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) Manaus Brazil Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazô nia (INPA) Manaus Brazil Núcleo de Etnoecologia da Amazô nia (NETNO) Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM) Manaus Brazil Escola Superior de Tecnologia (EST) Universidade do Estado do Amazonas (UEA) Manaus Brazil

The family farmer’s knowledge about floodplains agroecosystems dynamics is part of agrobiodiversity conservation cognitive strategies. This is because the conservation in floodplains is conditioned by the ecophysiological adaptation to the period and flood gradient of the agricultural lands and by the transformations promoted in the environment by the waters pulse. The aim of this study was to understand the cognitive strategies expressed in the organized meaning of agroecosystems by local knowledge, related to the geomorphological dynamics of the Aramaçá Island, Amazonas, Brazil. In this research, the Case Study and Ethnoecology were adopted as approach, taking the systemic complexity paradigm as a theoretical framework. To do so, it was necessary to establish a dialogue with the local knowledge through multitemporal analyses of satellite images, historical series of hydrological data, as well as cartographic documents of the locality. The floodplains amphibian mark, as a living organism in permanent autopoietic process, seems to be imprinted in the family farmer’s knowledge. In order to live in the floodplains and of floodplains, it is necessary, above all, to develop a cognitive ability capable of understanding not only the rivers action on the lands, but also that of the lands on the rivers as well. Therefore, the geomorphological dynamics in the spaces managed by the family farmers impose on them, risks and uncertainties, demanding from them strategies that allow knowing and dealing with this complexity.

关键词： Geomorphological Dynamics Ethnoecology Floodplains Amazonia

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Genetic Variability of Pumpkin Landraces in Brazilian Amazon

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Agricultural Sciences 2016年第12期7卷 822-833页

作者： Lúcia Helena Pinheiro martins Hiroshi Noda Maria Teresa Gomes Lopes Maria Silvesnizia Paiva Mendonça ayrton luiz urizzi martins Núcleo de Etnoecologia da AmazÔ nia (NETNO) Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus Brazil Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da AmazÔ nia (INPA) Manaus Brazil Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias (FCA) Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus Brazil

The family farm of the Upper Solim?es region has maintained the great genetic variability of the pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) by the in situ conservation of the landraces which are widely used as human food. The aim of this study was to estimate the current level of genetic variability of pumpkin landraces by means of estimation techniques of genetic parameters. Landraces areas samples were the family farming production units located in floodplains ecosystems of Benjamin Constant (Upper Solim?es River) and Iranduba (Lower Solim?es River), Amazonas. The split-plot designs were adopted at the treatments where the main plots were the five pumpkin landraces and one commercial cultivar. Each landrace was obtained six half sib families distributed in the sub-plots. Among the results of this study, it can be concluded that the genetic variation within the each landrace is greater than the genetic variation among the landraces. The qualitative morphological characteristics bring together half-sib families collected in geographically distant locations. It can be concluded that, through the estimation of genetic parameters, there is genetic variability among local cultivars collected in family farming of Benjamin Constant and Iranduba, Amazonas.

关键词： Amazon Agriculture Crop Genetic Variability Cucurbita maxima Duchesne Genetic Resource Local Cultivars

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Molecular Study of the Genetic Variability of Pumpkins Landraces from Brazilian Amazon

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第4期9卷 511-523页

作者： Lúcia Helena Pinheiro martins Maria Teresa Gomes Lopes Hiroshi Noda Pedro de Queiroz Costa Neto ayrton luiz urizzi martins Fabíola Viana de Almeida Liane Cristine Reboucas Demosthenes Núcleo de Etnoecologia da Amazonia(NETNO)Universidade Federal do Amazonas ManausBrazil Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias(FCA) Universidade Federal do AmazonasManausBrazil Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia(INPA) ManausBrazil Instituto Federal de Educacao Tecnologica do Amazonas/Campus Parintins IFAM/ParintinsBrazil Instituto de Ciencias Exatas e Tecnologia(ICET) Universidade Federal do AmazonasItacoatiaraBrazil

The Cucurbita maxima Duchesne is a vegetable crop plant cultivated and maintained by traditional Amazon communities, Brazil. The situation is worsened by the possibility of disappearance of local populations and genetic variability of this specie, taking into account the today changes promoted in family farming. The aim of this study was to estimate the current levels of genetic variability of local cultivars through the use of molecular markers (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism—AFLP). We chose to collect in two distinct micro regions in order to identify possible influences of geographic isolation and different levels of market requirements in the conservation of the genetic variability of the C. maxima. For the molecular analysis, bulk samples of fresh leaves of 15 plants/half-sibling family were collected in paper bags. There were 34 samples from the half-sib families. The analysis of the results half-sib obtained by methods of estimation of genetic variation by molecular markers shows that the forms of cultivation and management adopted by family farmers maintain the identities of the local/landraces (native cultivars) and, at the same time, the levels of diversity for the assurance of adaptability macro-environmental.

关键词： Crop Genetic Variability Molecular Marker Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Cucurbita maxima Duchesne

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