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Proposal for a new evaluation of phagocytosis using different sizes of fluorescent polystyrene microspheres

Advances in Biological Chemistry 2013年第6期3卷 556-563页

作者： Riyo Enomoto Makoto Imamori ayoumi seon Kozue Yoshida Aya Furue Hirofumi Tsuruda Eibai Lee-Hiraiwa Laboratory of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kobe Gakuin University Kobe Japan Laboratory of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kobe Gakuin University Kobe Japan 2Cooperative Research Center of Life Sciences Kobe Gakuin University Kobe Japan Laboratory of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kobe Gakuin University Kobe Japan 2Cooperative Research Center of Life Sciences Kobe Gakuin University Kobe Japan Cooperative Research Center of Life Sciences Kobe Gakuin University Kobe Japan Laboratory of Pharmacology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Kobe Gakuin University Kobe Japan Cooperative Research Center of Life Sciences Kobe Gakuin University Kobe Japan 2Cooperative Research Center of Life Sciences Kobe Gakuin University Kobe Japan

To investigate phagocytosis, peritoneal-resident and J774.1 macrophages were incubated with fluorescent polystyrene microspheres measuring 1.0 μm in diamter at 200 particles per cell. The amount of phagocytized microspheres increased with incubation time, and both cell types had similar phagocytic activity. Further, we investigated the phagocytosis of different sizes of microspheres by J774.1 macrophages. To adequately evaluate phagocytosis, varying amounts of different sizes of microspheres were added to J774.1 cells, and their phagocytic activities were evaluated. When the microspheres were added at a density of 20 particles per cell, few small microspheres (3 μm in diameter) could not be evaluated because of cytotoxicity. Thus, the amount of different sizes of microspheres added is important for precisely evaluating phagocytic activity. When the amount of different sizes of microspheres added was standardized to provide a set amount of total surface area, phagocytosis of these microspheres could be adequately evaluated and compared. To determine the effects of phagocytosis on cell viability and proliferation, cells incubated with different sizes of microspheres were assayed using a cell counting kit. We found that phagocytosis had no effect on cell viability or proliferation and was independent of particle size. Furthermore, cells already phagocytized microspheres retained their phagocytic activity.

关键词： Macrophage Phagocytosis Polystyrene Microsphere Total Surface Area

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Plasma Wall Potentials with Secondary Electron Emissions up to the Stable Space-Charge-Limited Condition

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Plasma Science and Technology 2013年第11期15卷 1093-1099页

作者： Jongho seon Ensang LEE School of Space Research Kyung Hee University Seocheon-dong Giheung-gu Yongin-si

Numerical solutions to floating plasma potentials for walls emitting secondary elec- trons are obtained for various surface materials. The calculations are made with plasma moment equations and the secondary electron emission coefficients, which were determined from recent laboratory experiments. The results estimate the wall potentials up to the physical conditions that allow stable plasma sheaths under the space-charge-limited condition. The materials often used in the laboratory, such as aluminum, silicon, boron, molybdenum, silicon dioxide, and alumina, are considered. The minimum wall potential before the onset of space-charge-limited emission is determined by the electron temperatures at which the effective secondary electron emission coefficient integrated over the velocity distributions is about 0.62. The corresponding potential is given by -eφ0 ,- 1.87kBT. The condition for space-charge-limited emission is newly found by numerically searching for all the stable sheaths. The new condition is -eφ0 - 0.95kBT, and this predicts a wall potential that is less negative than the previously found one. Calculation of the power dissipated to the wall for hydrogen plasmas shows that there is a large difference in terms of power dissipation among the considered materials in the temperature range 20-50 eV.

关键词： secondary electrons plasma sheath wall potential space-charge-limited emission

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Hydrodynamics and modeling of a ventilated supercavitating body in transition phase

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2015年第5期27卷 763-772页

作者： KIM seon-Hong KIM Nakwan Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering Seoul National University

Compared to other underwater vehicles, supercavitating vehicles can attain a high speed because they eliminate drag by creating a large cavity, thus establishing the so-called ＂supercavitating condition.＂ Such a cavity is difficult to develop under normal conditions, hence, ventilation is used to attain the supercavitating condition in the initial phase of flight. In this paper, we focus on the hydrodynamic characteristics of a ventilated supercavitating vehicle. First, dynamic modeling of the supercavitating vehicle is performed to calculate the hydrodynamic force/moment acting on the vehicle for a given size of cavity. We then define the relationship between the ventilation rate and the cavitation number based on an air entrainment model of the ventilated cavity. Numerical simulations were performed to analyze the physical feasibility and characteristics of the modeling. The results show that the cavity length/radius increases with the ventilation rate, proving that ventilation can be used to attain the supercavitating condition.

关键词： entilated supercavity hydrodynamical modeling supercavitating body transition phase cavity closure mode dynamics modeling

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Learning feature alignment and dual correlation for few‐shot image classification

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2024年第2期9卷 303-318页

作者： Xilang Huang seon Han Choi Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulSouth Korea Graduate Program in Smart Factory Ewha Womans UniversitySeoulSouth Korea

Few‐shot image classification is the task of classifying novel classes using extremely limited labelled *** perform classification using the limited samples,one solution is to learn the feature alignment(FA)information between the labelled and unlabelled sample *** FA methods use the feature mean as the class prototype and calculate the correlation between prototype and unlabelled features to learn an alignment ***,mean prototypes tend to degenerate informative features because spatial features at the same position may not be equally important for the final classification,leading to inaccurate correlation ***,the authors propose an effective intraclass FA strategy that aggregates semantically similar spatial features from an adaptive reference prototype in low‐dimensional feature space to obtain an informative prototype feature map for precise correlation ***,a dual correlation module to learn the hard and soft correlations was developed by the *** module combines the correlation information between the prototype and unlabelled features in both the original and learnable feature spaces,aiming to produce a comprehensive cross‐correlation between the prototypes and unlabelled *** both FA and cross‐attention modules,our model can maintain informative class features and capture important shared features for *** results on three few‐shot classification benchmarks show that the proposed method outperformed related methods and resulted in a 3%performance boost in the 1‐shot setting by inserting the proposed module into the related methods.

关键词： image classification machine learning metric learning

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Reactive wetting phenomena of MgO-C refractories in contact with CaO-SiO_2 slag

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2012年第S3期22卷 870-875页

作者： seon-Hwa HEO Kyuyong LEE Yongsug CHUNG Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Korea Polytechnic University Department of Consilience Korea Polytechnic UniversitySiheung-City

Wetting phenomena between MgO C and CaO SiO2 slags were investigated by varying carbon content.A sessile drop technique was adopted to study the wetting phenomena in conjunction with a high speed camera for the observation of intrinsic wetting *** results show that the high content of SiO2 and the presence of Al2O3 in slags enhance the diffusion of Mg2+,leading to the promotion of reactive *** carbon in MgO C refractory impedes the penetration of slags by repelling the slag and slowing the diffusion of Mg2+.This accounts for the non-wetting behavior of the slag on MgO C refractory with 17% (mass fraction) carbon similar to that of graphite.

关键词： MgO-C refractory molten slags wetting penetration

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Formulation of corrosion rate of magnesium alloys using microstructural parameters

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2020年第1期8卷 134-149页

作者： Ahmad Bahmani Srinivasan Arthanari Kwang seon Shin Magnesium Technology Innovation Center School of Materials Science and EngineeringSeoul National University1 Gwanak-roGwanak-guSeoul 08826Korea

Up to the date of writing this article,a quantitative analysis between corrosion rate and combined microstructural parameters including composition,grain size,and precipitations has not been ***,a literature review was carried out on these parameters to understand the quantitative effect of each one on the corrosion rate of Mg and Mg ***,using the available data in the literature and several experimental results,a new model was developed to predict the corrosion rate,through microstructural *** model suggests that by using ultra-fined grains,alloying compounds with low Volta-potential difference relative to the matrix and a low fraction of secondary phase,a very low corrosion rates of materials are achievable.

关键词： Corrosion rate Magnesium Grain size Volta-potential

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Two climate factors in May that affect Korean rainfall in September

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2013年第1期32卷 32-47页

作者： CHOI Ki-seon MOON Il-Ju National Typhoon Center Korea Meteorological Administration College of Ocean Science/Ocean and Environment Research Institute Jeju National University

This study revealed a high positive correlation between rainfall in Korea during September and the trade wind （TW）/Arctic Oscillation （AO） index in May that combines two climate factors, low-level TWs and the AO. This correlation was identified on the basis of the difference in the 850 hPa streamline analysis between the positive and negative phases selected using the combined TW/AO index. In May, the spatial pattern of the anomalous pressure systems is similar to that in the positive AO phase. These anomalous pressure sys- tems continue in June to August （JJA） and September, but the overall spatial distribution shifts a little to the south. Particularly in September, a huge anomalous anticyclone centered over the southeast seas of Japan strengthens in most of the western north Pacific region and supplies a large volume of warm and humid air to the region near Korea. This characteristic is confirmed by the facts that during the positive TW/AO phase, the subtropical western north Pacific high （SWNPH） is more developed to the north and that the continu- ous positioning of the upper troposphere jet over Korea from May to September strengthens the anomalous upward flow, bringing warm and humid air to all layers. These factors contribute to increasing September rainfall in Korea during the positive TW/AO phase. Because the SWNPH develops more to the north in the positive phase, tropical cyclones tend to make landfall in Korea frequently, which also plays a positive role in increasing September rainfall in *** above features are also reflected by the differences in average rainfall between the six years that had the highest May Nifio 3.4 indices （El Niflo phase） and the six years that had the lowest May Niflo 3.4 indices （La Nifia phase）.

关键词： anomalous pressure Arctic Oscillation Korea low-level trade wind rainfall tropical cyclone

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Corrosion behavior of Mg-Mn-Ca alloy:Influences of Al,Sn and Zn

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2019年第1期7卷 38-46页

The effects of different elements including Al,Sn and Zn with ability of solution hardening on corrosion behavior of a Mg alloy have been *** microstructure was analyzed and the electrochemical and immersion techniques were used for corrosion *** kelvin probe force microscopy(SKPFM)was utilized to analyze the volta-potential distribution on the *** was found that all additives reduced the corrosion resistance;however,Zn decreased the corrosion resistance less than Al and *** corrosion rate was quantitatively explained through volta-potential difference and the second phase fraction.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Extrusion Corrosion rate Volta-potential Secondary phase

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Improvement of uniformity in cultivation environment and crop growth rate by hybrid control of air flow devices

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Journal of Central South University 2015年第12期22卷 4702-4708页

作者： BAEK Min-seon KWON Sook-Youn LIM Jae-Hyun Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kongju National University Green Energy Technology Research Center Kongju National University

A complete control type plant factory has high efficiency in terms of cultivation area by constructing vertical multiple layered cultivation ***,it has a problem of irregular crop growth due to temperature deviation at upper and lower beds and increases in energy consumption by a prolonged cultivation *** this work,air flow rate inside a facility was improved by a hybrid control of air flow devices like air conditioning and air circulation fan with an established wireless sensor network to minimize temperature deviations between upper and lower beds and to promote crop *** performance of proposed system was verified with an experimental environment or Case A wherein air conditioning device was operated without a control algorithm and Case B wherein air conditioning and circulation fans were alternatively operated based on the hybrid control *** planting leafy vegetables under each experimental condition,crops were cultivated for 21 *** a result,Case B wherein AC(air conditioning) and ACF(air-circulation fan) were alternatively operated based on the hybrid control algorithm showed that fresh mass,number of leaves,and leaf length for the crops grown were increased by 40.6%,41.1%,and 11.1%,respectively,compared to Case A.

关键词： air flow devices hybrid control cultivation environment uniformity growth rate

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Optimal seismic retrofit model for steel moment resisting frames with brittle connections

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2018年第4期17卷 835-847页

作者： Hyo seon Park Se Woon Choi Byung Kwan Oh Department of Architectural Engineering Yonsei University Center for Structural Health Care Technology in Building Yonsei University Department of Architecture Catholic University of Daegu Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Princeton University

Based on performance-based seismic engineering, this paper proposes an optimal seismic retrofit model for steel moment resisting frames（SMRFs） to generate a retrofit scheme at minimal cost. To satisfy the acceptance criteria for the Basic Safety Objective（BSO） specified in FEMA 356, the minimum number of upgraded connections and their locations in an SMRF with brittle connections are determined by evolutionary computation. The performance of the proposed optimal retrofitting model is evaluated on the basis of the energy dissipation capacities, peak roof drift ratios, and maximum interstory drift ratios of structures before and after retrofitting. In addition, a retrofit efficiency index, which is defined as the ratio of the increment in seismic performance to the required retrofitting cost, is proposed to examine the efficiencies of the retrofit schemes derived from the model. The optimal seismic retrofit model is applied to the SAC benchmark examples for threestory and nine-story SMRFs with brittle connections. Using the retrofit efficiency index proposed in this study, the optimal retrofit schemes obtained from the model are found to be efficient for both examples in terms of energy dissipation capacity, roof drift ratio, and maximum inter-story drift ratio.

关键词： steel moment resisting frame performance-based seismic engineering optimal seismic retrofit evolutionarycomputation

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