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Fungitoxicity of Trichoderma longibrachiatum (Rifai) Metabolites against Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tamarii

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第7期13卷 984-993页

作者： ayodele Adegboyega Sobowale Linda Chidinma Uzoma Adefoyeke Olufunmilayo Aduramigba-Modupe Bukola Ayodeji Bamkefa Department of Botany University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Nigerian Institute of Science Laboratory Technology (NISLT) Ibadan Nigeria Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Biological Sciences Lead City University Ibadan Nigeria

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the fungitoxic effect of Trichoderma longibrachiatum (Rifai) metabolite on F. oxysporum, A. niger and A. tamarii. The fungi were collected from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and Nigerian Institute of Science Laboratory Technology (NISLT). T. longibrachiatum was cultured on 1/4 strength Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) following standard procedures. Its metabolite was extracted using 50 ml n-hexane with 50 ml Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB). The metabolite was purified by filter sterilization using a sterile 0.22 millipore filter disc after centrifuging at 900 rpm for 20 minutes. Petri plates of each fungus were later impregnated in triplicates with the T. longibrachiatum metabolites using four concentrations (10%, 25%, 50% and 100%), and three volumes (1 ml, 2 ml, and 3 ml). Petri plates of fungi without the metabolite and Petri Plates of fungi with n-hexane and PDB served as control. All Petri Plates were incubated at 28°C for 7 days. Radial and diametric growth of each fungus on all Petri Plates were taken daily at 24 hours intervals. Data obtained were analysed using SAS (version 9.3). Growth inhibition of F. oxysporum, A. niger and A. tamarii was significantly higher than in control in that order (P ≤ 0.05). Inhibition of the fungi by metabolites extracted with both PDB and n-hexane was significantly better than in control. Generally, inhibition by metabolite extracted with PDB was better than that extracted with n-hexane. Growth inhibition at all the concentrations of the metabolite was significantly better than in the control (P ≤ 0.05). Generally, inhibition at 100%, 50% and 25% concentrations was better than that at 10% concentration of the metabolite. Trichoderma longibrachiatum metabolite can thus be said to possess promising fungitoxic potential even at concentrations as low as 25%. Both PDB and n-hexane are good extraction media for the metabolite.

关键词： Antifungal Metabolites Trichoderma longibrachiatum Fusarium oxysporum Aspergillus niger Aspergillus tamari

Incidence and Determinants of Reported Hypoglycaemia among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Health Institution in Nigeria

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2020年第2期10卷 51-63页

作者： Michael Adyemi Olamoyegun Ala Oluwabukola ayodele Enikuomehin Adenike Christianah Akinlade Taofiq Akinyele Department of Internal Medicine Endocrinology Diabetes & Metabolism Unit Ladoke Akintola University of Technology/LAUTECH Teaching Hospital Ogbomoso Oyo State Nigeria Department of Medicine Bowen University/Bowen University Teaching Hospital Ogbomoso Oyo State Nigeria Department of Medicine University of Medical Sciences/University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital Ondo Ondo State Nigeria Department of Medicine General Hospital Odan Lagos Island Lagos State Nigeria

Introduction: Hypoglycaemia is a frequent and serious adverse effect of anti-diabetic therapy associated with both immediate and delayed adverse clinical outcomes. However, it continues to be a neglected complication with limited study of its burden, knowledge, determinants and preventive measures adopted by type 2 diabetics. Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes who presented at Diabetes Clinic of a University teaching hospital and fulfilled selection criteria were recruited. The information obtained included sociodemographic, clinical details with hypoglycaemic symptoms and laboratory measurements. Results: There were 113 participants with a mean age of 60.94 ± 11.95 years. The majority of the patients had fair knowledge of hypoglycaemic symptoms and also knew what actions to take to ameliorate the symptoms when it occurs. The incidence of hypoglycaemia was 45.1% and most commonly occurred in the afternoon before lunch. The commonest symptoms reported by patients were shivering (76.1%), hunger (71.7%) sweatiness (71.5%) and weakness (69.9%). Almost one-fifth (19.6%) of those who reported hypoglycaemia had severe symptoms, of which 16.1% had hospital admission for its management. Use of insulin, duration of diabetes, age and possession of glucometers were some of the determinants of hypoglycaemic symptoms. Conclusions:?The burden of reported hypoglycaemia among type 2 diabetics is significant. Hence, diabetics at risk should always be asked about symptoms at each clinic visit. Early recognition of hypoglycaemia risks, self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), appropriate education programs for both health care providers and patients with diabetes are the major ways to minimize risks of hypoglycaemia.

关键词： Diabetes Mellitus Epidemiology Hypoglycaemia Knowledge Predictors Risk Factors

A Block-Preconditioned Inexact Linear Solver for Computing the Complex Eigenpairs of a Large Sparse Matrix

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2018年第2期6卷 429-445页

作者： Richard Olatokunbo Akinola Stephen Yakubu Kutchin Ayodeji Sunday ayodele Kingsley Obiajulu Muka Department of Mathematics Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Jos Jos Nigeria Department of Mathematics University of Benin Benin Nigeria

In computing eigenpairs of the matrix pencil, one obtains a linear system of equations. In this work, we show how a block triadiagonal preconditioner in GMRES can be used to solve a large sparse unsymmetric system of equations inexactly using a fixed and decreasing tolerance. While the fixed tolerance solver converged superlinearly to the eigenvalue of interest, the decreasing one converged quadratically. This surpasses an earlier result which converged harmonically.

关键词： Preconditioner Superlinear Convergence Quadratic Convergence Eigenvalues

Synthesis and Characterization of Crosslinked Hydrogel of Konkoli (Maesopsis eminii) Grafted Polymethylacrylamide for a Preliminary Study as an Insulin Delivery System

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2016年第11期4卷 36-47页

作者： Okoko Barth Ugwu Jeffery T. Barminas Iliya I. Nkafamiya ayodele Akinterinwa Modibbo Adma University of Technology Yola Nigeria

Polysaccharide has lately received a significant attention in the formulation of drug delivery system based on the abundant availability, non-toxicity and the various ways its nature, structure and functionality can be modified. In this preliminary work on Konkoli (Maesopsis eminii) galactomannan (KG), it was modified by grafting with methacrylamide (MAAm) using ammonium persulphate (ASP) as initiator. The grafted galactomannan was then crosslinked using N, N-methylenebisacrylamide (N, N-MBAAm) to produce the hydrogel called konkoli grafted polymethylacrylamide (KG-g-poly (MAAm)). FTIR analyses confirm crosslinking and other changes in the functionality of KG-g-poly (MAAm) compared to KG. Swelling properties which are fundamental to the potential properties of any hydrogel as a drug delivery system were studied for KG-g-poly (MAAm) with varied amount of monomer (MAAm), crosslinker and pH with respect to time and temperature. There was a rapid rise followed by a dramatic fall in the swelling capacity with increase in both monomer and crosslinker concentration. The swelling capacity of KG-g-poly (MAAm) also improves as the pH of the medium was changed from acidic to alkaline. Generally, the swelling capacity of KG-g-poly (MAAm) increases with time and temperature of immersion. This result therefore encourages further studies as it presents KG-g-poly (MAAm) potentials in such application as insulin delivery system.

关键词： Konkoli (Maesopsis eminii) Galactomannan Hydrogels Konkoli Grafted Polymethylacrylamide (KG-g-poly (MAAm)) Swelling Properties

Prevalence and Distribution of Cracked Posterior Teeth among Adult Patients

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2020年第5期10卷 74-86页

作者： Temiloluwa Olawale Ogundare Deborah Mojirade Ajayi Paul Ikhodaro Idon Cornelius Tokunbo Bamise Adeleke Oke Oginni Temitope Ayodeji esan Department of Restorative Dentistry Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Restorative Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria Department of Dental Surgery University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital Maiduguri Nigeria Department of Restorative Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria

Background: There are challenges in detection and prevalence of cracked teeth, especially in asymptomatic cases. This underestimates the actual prevalence and possibility of preventive restorative treatment. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and distribution of cracked posterior teeth among adult patients attending the dental clinic of OAUTHC, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study where consecutive patients aged 18 years and above were examined for the presence of cracked posterior teeth over a period of one year (May 2016-April 2017). The teeth were initially examined with the naked eye. Thereafter, transillumination, methylene blue dye and magnifying lens were used to aid detection of more cracks. Data was analyzed with the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows (version 21.0). Level of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Out of the 64,370 posterior teeth examined for cracks in 3345 patients, 264 were diagnosed as cracked in 152 patients, giving a patient prevalence of 4.5% and tooth prevalence of 0.4%. Amongst the 152 patients, the prevalence was 9.1%. There was a slightly higher male preponderance while cracked tooth was observed to increase with age (p = 0.007). The skilled (56.6%) and those that attained tertiary education (77.6%, p = 0.023) had more cracked teeth. Mandibular first molar (19.7%) was the most frequently cracked tooth type. The cracks were usually centrally placed (91.7%) and run in a mesiodistal direction (61%). Transillumination (44.7%) detected more cracked teeth. Conclusion: Prevalence of cracked tooth was observed to be low with a slightly higher proportion in male and the figure increases with age. Mandibular first molar was the most frequently cracked tooth while transillumination was the most useful diagnostic tool. Most cracks ran in the mesiodistal direction and fracture lines were usually centrally placed.

关键词： Cracked Tooth Prevalence Distribution Adult Posterior Tooth

Prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among inmates in Jos maximum security prison

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Open Journal of Psychiatry 2013年第1期3卷 12-17页

作者： Aishatu Y. Armiya’u ayodele Obembe Moses D. Audu Tolulope O. Afolaranmi Department of Community Medicine Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria Department of Psychiatry Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria

Background: The prevalence of psychiatric illness in correctional settings is significantly elevated, with higher than community rates reported in most mental disorders. The prison is a correctional institution in which inmates have limited liberty, autonomy, and communication with family and friends. This can be devastating to some inmates thereby leading to deterioration in their physical, psychological and social wellbeing. The study was aimed to determine the prevalence of axis 1 psychiatric disorders and associated factors among prison inmates in Jos, Nigeria. Method: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in Jos maximum security prison among 608 inmates. Two sets of data collection instruments were used namely (General Health Questionnaire) GHQ-28 and (Composite International Diagnostic Interview) CIDI. SPSS statistical software package for windows version 15.0 was used for data analysis and test of significance was set at

关键词： Prevalence Morbidity Prison Psychiatric Maximum Security

Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Organic Chemical Vapour Deposited Chromium Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Film for Gas Sensing Applications

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2018年第10期9卷 844-857页

作者： Olumide Oluwole Akinwunmi Olakunle A. Akinwumi Johnson ayodele O. Ogundeji Adetokunbo Temitope Famojuro Department of Physics and Engineering Physics Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria Department of Chemistry Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria

Chromium (Cr) doped Zinc oxide ZnO thin films were deposited onto glass substrates by Metal Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition (MOCVD) technique with varying dopant concentration at a temperature of 420°C. The effect of the chromium concentration on morphological, structural, optical, electrical and gas sensing properties of the films were investigated. The scanning electron microscopy results revealed that the Cr concentration has great influence on the crystallinity, surface smoothness and grain size. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies shows that films were polycrystalline in nature and grown as a hexagonal wurtzite structure. A direct optical band energy gap of 3.32 to 3.10 eV was obtained from the optical measurements. The transmission was found to decrease with increasing Cr doping concentration. Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) analysis also demonstrates that Cr ions are substitutionally incorporated into ZnO. I-V characteristic of the film shows a resistivity ranges from 1.134 × 10-2 · cm to 1.24 × 10-2 · cm at room temperature. The gas sensing response of the films were enhanced with incorporation of Cr as a dopant with optimum operating temperature around 200°C.

关键词： Zinc Oxide Thin Films Metal Organic Chemical Vapour Deposition Gas Sensors

In vivo antimalarial activity and toxicological effects of methanolic extract of Cocos nucifera(Dwarf red variety) husk fibre

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2014年第6期12卷 504-511页

作者： Elizabeth Abidemi Balogun Sylvia Orume Malomo Joseph Oluwatope Adebayo Ahmed Adebayo Ishola ayodele Olufemi Soladoye Lawrence Aderemi Olatunji Olatunji Matthew Kolawole Stephen Olubunmi Oguntoye Abiola Samuel Babatunde Oluwole Busayo Akinola Department of Biochemistry University of Ilorin Department of Physiology University of Ilorin Department of Microbiology University of Ilorin Department of Chemistry University of Ilorin Department of Hematology University of Ilorin Department of Anatomy University of Ilorin

OBJECTIVE： Phytochemical constituents as well as antimalarial and toxicity potentials of the methanolic extract of the husk fi bre of Dwarf Red variety of Cocos nucifera were evaluated in this ***： The dried powdered husk fi bre was exhaustively extracted with hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol successively and the methanolic extract was screened for fl avonoids, phenolics, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, triterpenes, phlobatannins, anthraquinones and glycosides. A 4-day suppressive antimalarial test was carried out using Plasmodium berghei NK65-infected mice, to which the extract was administered at doses of 31.25, 62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight（BW）. Toxicity of the extract was evaluated in rats using selected hematological parameters and organ function indices after orally administering doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg BW for 14 ***： Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, phenolics, saponins, glycosides, steroids and anthraquinones in the extract. Moreover, the extract reduced parasitemia by 39.2% and 45.8% at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg BW respectively on day 8 post-inoculation. Various hematological parameters evaluated were not significantly altered（P〉0.05） at all doses of the extract, except red blood cell count which was signifi cantly elevated（P〈0.05） at 100 mg/kg BW. The extract significantly increased（P〈0.05） urea, creatinine, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and bilirubin concentrations in the serum as well as atherogenic index, while it reduced albumin concentration significantly（P〈0.05） at higher doses compared to the controls. Alanine aminotransferase activity was reduced in the liver and heart signifi cantly（P〈0.05） but was increased in the serum signifi cantly（P〈0.05） at higher doses of the extract compared to the ***： The results suggest that methanolic extract of the Dwarf red variety has partial antimalarial activity at higher doses, but is capable of impairing norma

关键词： herbal drugs Cocos antimalarials toxicity Plasmodium berghei rats mice

Inhibitory Effect of Aqueous Extract of Moringa oleifera and Newbuoldia laevis Leaves on Ferrous Sulphate and Sodium Nitroprusside Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat’s Testes in Vitro

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Open Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2012年第4期2卷 119-128页

作者： Seun F. Akomolafe Ganiyu Oboh Afolabi A. Akindahunsi ayodele J. Akinyemi Olusola Adeyanju Department of Biochemistry Afe Babalola University Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria Department of Biochemistry Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria Department of Chemistry University of Jos Jos Nigeria

Oxidative stress has been identified as one of the factors that affects fertility status. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the inhibitory effect of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera and Newbuoldia laevis leaves on FeSO4 and Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) induced lipid peroxidation in rat testes in vitro. Incubation of the testes tissue homogenate in the presence of FeSO4 and SNP caused a significant increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of the testes. The aqueous extract from both Moringa oleifera and Newbuoldia laevis leaves caused a significant decrease in the MDA contents of the testes in a dose-dependent manner. However, aqueous extract from Moringa oleifera leaf (EC50 = 0.29 mg/ml) had a significant (P2+ induced lipid peroxidation in the rat testes homogenate than that of Newbuoldia laevis leaf extract (EC50 = 0.58 mg/ml);while there was no significant (P2+ chelating and reducing power. Therefore, these plants have potential to prevent oxidative stress in testes and improve fertility outcomes.

关键词： Lipid Peroxidation Malondialdehyde Antioxidant Activity Testes