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Biochar-Induced Changes in Soil Resilience:Effects of Soil Texture and Biochar Dosage

Pedosphere 2017年第2期27卷 236-247页

作者： ayodele ebenezer ajayi Rainer HORN Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Federal University of Technology 340252 Akure Ondo State (Nigeria) Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science CAU Kiel 24118 Kiel (Germany)

Biochars are, amongst other available amendment materials, considered as an attractive tool in agriculture for carbon sequestration and improvement of soil functions. The latter is widely discussed as a consequence of improved physical quality of the amended ***, the mechanisms for this improvement are still poorly understood. This study investigated the effect of woodchip biochar amendment on micro-structural development, micro-and macro-structural stability, and resilience of two differently textured soils,fine sand(FS) and sandy loam(SL). Test substrates were prepared by adding 50 or 100 g kg^(-1) biochar to FS or SL. Total porosity and plant available water were significantly increased in both soils. Moreover, compressive strength of the aggregates was significantly decreased when biochar amount was doubled. Mechanical resilience of the aggregates at both micro-and macro-scale was improved in the biochar-amended soils, impacting the cohesion and compressive behavior. A combination of these effects will result in an improved pore structure and aeration. Consequently, the physicochemical environment for plants and microbes is improved. Furthermore, the improved stability properties will result in better capacity of the biochar-amended soil to recover from the myriad of mechanical stresses imposed under arable systems, including vehicle traffic, to the weight of overburden soil. However, it was noted that doubling the amendment rate did not in any case offer any remarkable additional improvement in these properties, suggesting a further need to investigate the optimal amendment rate.

关键词： aggregate stability amendment material compressive strength rheometry shear properties total porosity

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Nutrient uptake,maximum yield production,and economic return of maize under deficit irrigation with biochar and inorganic fertiliser amendments

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Biochar 2019年第4期1卷 375-388页

作者： Oluwaseun Temitope Faloye ayodele ebenezer ajayi Michael Olarewaju Alatise Babatunde Sunday Ewulo Rainer Horn Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Federal University of TechnologyAkureNigeria Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering Afe Babalola UniversityAdo EkitiNigeria Department of Crop Soil and Pest ManagementFederal University of TechnologyAkureNigeria Institute for Plant Nutrition and Soil Science CAU KielHermann Rodewaldstr.224118 KielGermany

The individual and combined effects of biochar(B)and inorganic fertiliser(F)have all been widely proofed to improve soil fertility and enhance crop growth and yield under irrigation(I)and rain fed ***,the strength of their individual and combined effects on crop productivity has been scarcely *** addition,few studies have assessed their individual and co-application effects on economic ***,a 2-year field experiment which consisted of factorial combination of irrigation(I)[100%full irrigation(FI),80%FI and 60%FI],biochar(0 and 20 t/ha)and fertiliser(0 and 300 kg/ha)was *** to the results,irrigation was the dominant factor that influences maize grain yield,followed by inorganic fertiliser and biochar,and they were all significant in their main *** strength of interaction effects among,I,F and B on maize grain yield follow the sequence F×I>B×F>B×*** economic analysis showed that the ternary combination of B,F and I was more economical than the binary combination of B plus I,and F plus I(in that order),when compared with the standalone application of I at maximum production in the field *** addition,combined applications of biochar and fertiliser improved soil nutrients,nutrient uptake in all irrigation treatments,compared to the standalone applications of biochar or *** research is,therefore,recommended for long-term evaluation of the economic viability of integrating biochar with fertiliser under irrigation.

关键词： Biochar amendment Drip irrigation Maize grain yield Economic evaluation Optimum irrigation

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Performance Evaluation of Dry Season Okra under Sawdust and Trash Mulch Cover Treatments in Southwestern Nigeria

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2013年第8期3卷 337-341页

作者： Oladipo Isaac Olaposi Adewumi Johnson Kayode Dairo Olawale Usman Adejuyigbe Samuel Babatope ajayi ebenezer ayodele Department of Agricultural Engineering Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria Department of Agricultural Engineering Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria Department of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta Nigeria The Federal Polytechnic Department of Agricultural and Bioenvironmental Engineering PMB Ado Ekiti Nigeria

This paper reports the experimental investigation of the agronomic performance of okra under various quantities of both sawdust and trash mulches. The location of the field was the research farmland of the Federal Polytechnic Ado Ekiti Nigeria;Lat 6?N and Long 16?E. The experimental design used was complete randomized design with 6 treatments on both specimens. The experiments were repeated the following year on the same plot but with transposed plot allocation. Soil moisture loss from uncovered plot was with the highest value dropping to less than 2 per cent. It was followed by that of trash plot and the lowest loss was on sawdust mulched plot. The number of leave formed by okra on sawdust, trash and no mulch plots was 43, 36 and 27 respectively while maximum girth diameter was 37 mm in both trash and sawdust covered plots but okra plant on control plot attained only 26 mm diameter. Fruit yield were almost similar to trash and sawdust mulched okra having 7.5 and 7.6 Tonnes/Ha respectively while control plot recorded 5.2 Tonnes/Ha. The ash content of dry matter of sawdust, trash and no mulched plants was 0.25, 0.20 and 0.17 kg respectively. It was concluded that sawdust could perform as much as the traditional trash materials commonly used in Southwestern Nigeria. Also, sawdust was a good material for conserving soil moisture.

关键词： Evapotranspiration Carbon Capture Agronomic Development Soil Moisture Climate Change

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Design and Implementation of Paired Pectoral Fins Locomotion of Labriform Fish Applied to a Fish Robot

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2009年第1期6卷 37-45页

作者： Patar ebenezer Sitorus Yul Yunazwin Nazaruddin Edi Leksono Agus Budiyono Department of Engineering Physics Bandung Institute of TechnologyBandung 40132Indonesia Smart Robot Center Department of Aerospace EngineeringKonkuk UniversitySeoul 143-701Korea

In present,there are increasing interests in the research on mechanical and control system of underwater *** ongoing research efforts are motivated by more pervasive applications of such vehicles including seabed oil and gas explorations, scientific deep ocean surveys,military purposes,ecological and water environmental studies,and also entertainments. However,the performance of underwater vehicles with screw type propellers is not prospective in terms of its efficiency and *** main weaknesses of this kind of propellers are the production of vortices and sudden generation of thrust forces which make the control of the position and motion difficult. On the other hand,fishes and other aquatic animals are efficient swimmers,posses high maneuverability,are able to follow trajectories,can efficiently stabilize themselves in currents and surges,create less wakes than currently used underwater vehicle, and also have a noiseless *** fish's locomotion mechanism is mainly controlled by its caudal fin and paired pectoral *** are classified into Body and/or Caudal Fin(BCF)and Median and/or paired Pectoral Fins(MPF).The study of highly efficient swimming mechanisms of fish can inspire a better underwater vehicles thruster design and its mechanism. There are few studies on underwater vehicles or fish robots using paired pectoral fins as *** work presented in this paper represents a contribution in this area covering study,design and implementation of locomotion mechanisms of paired pectoral fins in a fish *** performance and viability of the biomimetic method for underwater vehicles are highlighted through in-water experiment of a robotic fish.

关键词： fish robot pectoral fins servos rowing flapping feathering

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Bioprocessing of underutilized Artocarpus altilis fruit to bioethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae:A fermentation condition improvement study

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2023年第2期8卷 125-135页

作者： Eriola Betiku ebenezer O Olatoye Lekan M.Latinwo Department of Biological Sciences Florida Agricultural and Mechanical UniversityTallahassee32307USA Biochemical Engineering Laboratory Department of Chemical EngineeringObafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife220005Nigeria

Raw materials availability needed for commercial bioethanol production is one of the chal-lenges against its global *** rich,cheap,underused,and readily available starch sources for bioethanol production could help address the ***,this current study inves-tigated the bioconversion of underutilized Artocarpus altilis(breadfruit)starch to bioethanol using Saccharomyces *** effects of the essential fermentation conditions(fermentation time,breadfruit starch hydrolysate(BSH)concentration,pH,and inoculum size)and their interactions on bioethanol production were *** central composite design was used to generate twenty-one experiments conducted under batch fermentation conditions in the *** breadfruit starch hydrolysis led to a BSH concentration of 108.9 g/L under a starch concentration of 122 g/L,microwave output of 720 W,and an incubation time of 6 *** the fermentation of BSH,maximum bioethanol production of 4.99%(V)was reached under the cultivation conditions of BSH concentration of 80 g/L,medium pH of 4.7,inoculum size of 2%(V),and fermentation time of 20.41 *** for pH,the impact of each parameter on the bioethanol production was in this order:BSH concentration,inoculum size,and fermentation *** for the interactions amongst the parameters,the impact is in this order:BSH concentration and inoculum size;BSH concentration and fermentation time;and fermentation time and inoculum *** results of this study indicated breadfruit starch could be hydrolyzed using acid hydrolysis and microwave irradiation in a relatively short *** BSH obtained could potentially add to other substrates for bioethanol production.

关键词： Starch Hydrolysis Yeast Fermentation Bioethanol Biofuel Optimization

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Robust facial expression recognition system in higher poses

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Visual Computing for Industry,Biomedicine,and Art 2022年第1期5卷 159-173页

作者： ebenezer Owusu Justice Kwame Appati Percy Okae Department of Computer Science University of GhanaP.O.Box LG 163AccraGhana Department of Computer Engineering University of GhanaP.O.Box LG 77AccraGhana

Facial expression recognition(FER)has numerous applications in computer security,neuroscience,psychology,and *** to its non-intrusiveness,it is considered a useful technology for combating ***,FER is plagued with several challenges,the most serious of which is its poor prediction accuracy in severe head *** aim of this study,therefore,is to improve the recognition accuracy in severe head poses by proposing a robust 3D head-tracking algorithm based on an ellipsoidal model,advanced ensemble of AdaBoost,and saturated vector machine(SVM).The FER features are tracked from one frame to the next using the ellipsoidal tracking model,and the visible expressive facial key points are extracted using Gabor *** ensemble algorithm(Ada-AdaSVM)is then used for feature selection and *** proposed technique is evaluated using the Bosphorus,BU-3DFE,MMI,CK^(+),and BP4D-Spontaneous facial expression *** overall performance is outstanding.

关键词： Facial expressions Three-dimensional head pose Ellipsoidal model Gabor filters Ada-AdaSVM

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Joint Energy Predication and Gathering Data in Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Network

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第3期44卷 2349-2360页

作者： I.Vallirathi S.ebenezer Juliet Department of Computer Science and Engineering PET Engineering CollegeVallioor627117India Department of Computer Science and Engineering VV College of EngineeringThisayanvilai627657India

Wireless Sensor Network(WSNs)is an infrastructure-less wireless net-work deployed in an increasing number of wireless sensors in an ad-hoc *** the sensor nodes could be powered using batteries,the development of WSN energy constraints is considered to be a key *** wireless sensor networks(WSNs),wireless mobile chargers(MCs)conquer such issues mainly,energy *** proposed work is to produce an energy-efficient recharge method for Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Network(WRSN),which results in a longer lifespan of the network by reducing charging delay and maintaining the residual energy of the *** this algorithm,each node gets sorted using the K-means technique,in which the data gets distributed into various *** mobile charges execute a Short Hamiltonian cycle opposite direction to reach each cluster’s anchor *** position of the anchor points is calculated based on the energy distribution using the base *** this case,the network will act as a spare MC,so that one of the two MCs will run out of energy before reaching the *** the current tours of the two MCs terminate,regression analysis for energy prediction initiates,enabling the updating of anchor points in the upcoming *** on thefindings of the regression-based energy prediction model,the recommended algorithm could effectively refill network energy.

关键词： WSNs MCs WRSN K-means algorithm shortest hamiltonian cycle regression analysis

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The organic geochemistry of crude oil in the Saltpond Basin(Ghana):Organic source input,depositional environment,and thermal maturity

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第3期43卷 424-440页

作者： Kojo Amoako Ningning Zhong Nancy Pearl Osei-Boakye ebenezer Apesegah Research Group for Marine Geochemistry(ICBM-MPI Bridging Group) Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment(ICBM)School of Mathematics and ScienceCarl von Ossietzky UniversitäOldenburgAmmerläder HeerstraВ114-11826129 OldenburgGermany State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting College of GeosciencesChina University of PetroleumBeijing 102249China Petroleum Corporation GNPCPMBPetroleum HouseTemaGhana

The Saltpond Basin,situated within the South Atlantic margin of Ghana,is a significant area for petro-leum exploration but has received relatively limited research *** studies have examined source rock com-position,but data on crude oil organic chemistry are lack-ing,hindering understanding of the basin’s petroleum system and *** address this gap,we analyzed biomarkers and stable carbon-isotope ratios in Saltpond Basin crude oil using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–isotope ratio mass spectrometry to eluci-date organic matter source,depositional environment,and thermal *** were compared with oils from the West African segment of the South Atlantic margin,namely the Tano Basin and the Niger Delta Basin,to iden-tify potential correlations and gain insights into regional *** and isotopic results unveiled a sig-nificant prevalence of organic matter derived from lower marine *** of organic matter deposition and preservation in Saltpond oil samples suggested a suboxic marine transitional environment,contradicting conventional understanding of terrestrial dominance in such ***,the potential for degradation processes to obscure differentiation between terrestrial and marine organic mat-ter origins underscores the complex nature of organic mat-ter dynamics in transitional marine *** of molecular thermal maturity indices suggested Saltpond oils were expelled from source rocks exhibiting thermal maturity at the early maturity *** analysis unveiled genetic disparities among crude oils sourced from the Saltpond Basin and those from the Tano and Niger Delta Basin,primarily due to variations in source input and depo-sitional environment *** oil exhibits lower terrestrial organic input than Tano Basin’s crude oils,which also have less terrestrial input than Niger Delta Basin crude ***,its paleodepositional envi

关键词： Biomarkers Carbon isotopes Crude oil Saltpond Basin Ghana

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Urogenital schistosomiasis and associated determinant factors among senior high school students in the Dutsin-Ma and Safana Local Government Areas of Katsina State, Nigeria

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 609-621页

作者： Tolulope ebenezer Atalabi Umar Lawal Francis Omowonuola Akinluyi Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of ScienceFederal UniversityDutsin-MaP.M.B.5001Dutsin-MaKatsina StateNigeria Department of Remote Sensing and GIS School of Earth and Mineral SciencesFederal University of TechnologyAkureOndo StateNigeria

Background:Human schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease of poverty caused by the cercariae of digenetic trematodes of the genus *** disease is a major source of morbidity and mortality in 77 low-and middle-income countries in the tropics where 700 million people are at *** a bid to provide relevant epidemiological information to boost control of urogenital schistosomiasis at the state level in Nigeria,we conducted this study with the aim of investigating the disease’s prevalence and intensity,and the determinant factors responsible for its ***:Data on risk factors were obtained from a total of 645 students aged 12─25 years using well-designed *** were collected between 09:45 and 14:00 in universal ***10μl centrifuged sample was examined for the eggs of *** using Motic®(Binocular)Light Microscope(model S-10-P)with a x10 *** infection intensity was recorded as number of eggs per 10 ml of urine *** data were entered into Microsoft Excel 2010 and analyzed using Epi Info™*** among variables were determined using the chi square test and bivariate and multivariate logistic ***:Prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis was 30.54%among the study population,with a mean infection intensity of 30.27 eggs/10 ml of *** and average intensity were higher in males(28.37%and 32.21 eggs/10 ml of urine respectively)than in females(2.17%and 5 eggs/10 ml of urine respectively).Water contact activities(χ^(2)=29.031,P=0.0000),sex(male)[χ^(2)=109.82;P<0.0001],location(Dutsin─Ma)[χ^(2)=7.19;P=0.0073],age group 18-20(χ^(2)=4.819,P=0.0281),altitude(531─560 m)[χ^(2)=6.84,p=0.0089],fathers doing other brown─collar jobs(χ^(2)=8.449,P=0.0037)and mothers’occupation(χ^(2)=9.470,P=0.0021)were found to be significantly associated with urogenital *** were six times more likely to be infected with the cercariae of *** compared to girls[AOR

关键词： Prevalence Intensity Urogenital schistosomiasis Risk─factors Katsina State Nigeria

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Optimal control application to an Ebola model

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第4期6卷 283-289页

作者： ebenezer Bonyah Kingsley Badu Samuel Kwesi Asiedu-Addo Department of Mathematics and Statistics Kumasi Polytechnic Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research College of Health ScienceUniversity of Ghana Faculty of Health Sciences Garden City University College Department of Mathematics Education University of Education

Ebola virus is a severe,frequently fatal illness,with a case fatality rate up to 90%.The outbreak of the disease has been acknowledged by World Health Organization as Public Health Emergency of International *** threat of Ebola in West Africa is still a major setback to the socioeconomic *** control theory is applied to a system of ordinary differential equations which is modeling Ebola infection through three different routes including contact between humans and a dead *** an attempt to reduce infection in susceptible population,a preventive control is put in the form of education and campaign and two treatment controls are applied to infected and late-stage infected(super) human *** Pontryagins maximum principle is employed to characterize optimality control,which is then solved *** is observed that time optimal control is existed in the *** activation of each control showed a positive reduction of *** overall effect of activation of all the controls simultaneously reduced the effort required for the reduction of the infection *** obtained results present a good framework for planning and designing cost-effective strategies for good interventions in dealing with Ebola *** is established that in order to reduce Ebola threat all the three controls must be taken into consideration concurrently.

关键词： Ebola Optimal control Pontryagins maximum principle Case finding Case holding

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