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Sino-US English Teaching 2012年第11期9卷 1676-1685页

作者： Dare Owolabi Samuel ayodele Dada Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti Nigeria

In Nigeria, almost 500 indigenous languages continue to compete with the English language that has assumed the status of a global linguistic code. The contact, in different domains between English and indigenous languages in the country continues to affect performance in English and contact languages, making effective communication in either English or any of the indigenous languages unattainable. The purpose of this study is to show that although no particular document, so named, exists expressing the nation＇s policy on language, nonetheless, the country has a policy on language that accommodates the indigenous languages as substrates, while the English language holds sway in various linguistic domains. Using a simple descriptive survey with data from previous studies, this paper examines the linguistic implications of the contact between English and indigenous languages on the younger generations who are losing contact with the mother tongue, and also not demonstrating enough proficiency in the English language. It is recommended that the opportunities that competence and maturation afforded a second language learner should be latched onto to gain the needed proficiency in English thus making them effective bilinguals and communicators in a world that is fast becoming a global village, and the inhabitants global citizens.

关键词： language policy multilingualism bilingualism language contact effective communication

Microbial Load (Bacteria, Coliform and Mould Count/Flora) of Some Common Hot Smoked Freshwater Fish Species Using Different Packaging Materials

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 1201-1208页

作者： Olusegun ayodele Oyelese Jacob Oyeleye Oyedokun Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries Management Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria.

Three different packaging materials of (37 cm × 25 cm) size (Sealed Transparent Polythene Bag (STPB) Sealed Paper Bag (SPB) (Brown envelope), Open Mouth Polythene Bag (OMPB) (Black incolour)) were used for Oreochromisniloticus (O), Clariasgariepinus (C) and Mormyrusrume (M). Twenty fish samples per species (averaging 250 gm) were hot smoked dried whole for 36 hours at an average temperature of 100?C. Packaged hot at the rate of 6 fishes per package for each species (three packs for each packaging treatment i.e. 18 pieces were packed while the remaining 2 pieces were used for initial bacteria load and microbial load). Microbial load (Total Viable Count (TVC), Total Coliform Count (TCC) and Total Fungi Count (TFC)) for the fresh fish was initial hot smoked and finally at the end of 12 weeks was monitored. The TVC (bacterial load) of O. niloticus dropped from (10.6 - 8.4) × 104 (fresh state-hot smoked) and M. rume (9.8 - 7.0) × 104, while C. gariepinus slightly increased from (12.4 - 12.6) × 104. After hot smoking, highest TVC of 8.6 × 104 (OMPBC), 8.3 × 104 (SPBC) and 8.2 × 104 (STPBC) were recorded in C. gariepinus among the 9 packag- ing at 12 weeks. However highest tendency for heavy TVC is in all OMPB with highest bacteria load in the OMPBC (8.6 × 104), 7.6 × 104 (OMPBO) and 6.6 × 104 (OMPBM). After 12 weeks highest ranged TFC of (0.6 - 0.7) × 104 was recorded in M. rume as against 0.2 × 104 recorded in the initial smoked for all. TCC was highest in C. gariepinus (4.0 - 4.3) × 104. Packaging did not limit the existence of micro-organisms. Six bacteria species (Micrococcus (acidiophilus, luteus), Bacillus (subtilis, cereus, aureus), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus lactis, Proteus (vulgaricus, morganii), Pseudomonas aureginosa) and three fungi species (Aspergillus (niger, tamari), Rhizopusnigricans, fusariumoxysporum) were represented in all the packages. On the average five bacteria and two fungi species were represented, excepting for OMPBM and OMPBO with six

关键词： Bacteria Coliform Mould Count/Flora Freshwater Fish Species Packaging Material

Production of Fermentable Sugars from Organosolv Pretreated Cassava Peels

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Advances in Microbiology 2015年第2期5卷 117-122页

作者： Afolake Atinuke Olanbiwoninu Sunday ayodele Odunfa Department of Biological Sciences Ajayi Crowther University Oyo Nigeria Department of Microbiology University of Ibadan Ibadan Nigeria

Cassava peels are rich in lignocellulolytic materials which are not readily amenable to enzymatic hydrolysis;hence, there is a need for a suitable pretreatment method that will support enzymatic hydrolysis. This study was designed to investigate lignocellulolytic organisms that would effectively support the bioconversion of organosolv pretreated cassava peels to fermentable sugars. Decaying cassava peels were collected into sterile bottles and microorganisms isolated, characterized and screened for lignocellulolytic enzymes production. Optimum temperature, pH and nutrient sources for enzyme production were determined. Organosolv pretreatment was carried out using methanol with varied concentration of catalyst (0.01 - 3 M), reaction time (15 - 60 min) and substrate size. Crude enzymes (cellulase and xylanase) from the isolates were added to the pretreated peels and bioconversion was monitored by measuring the concentration of reducing sugar and calculating the percentage peel hydrolysis. The fermentable sugars produced were quantified using gas chromatography. Pseudomonas fluorescens and Aspergillus terreus were isolated. P. fluorescens produces 2.8 u/mL of crude enzymes optimally at 50°C and pH 8 while A. terreus produces 3.4 u/mL optimally at 40°C, pH 6. Both isolates utilizes CarboxyMethylCellulose (CMC) and yeast extract as their best carbon and nitrogen sources. Highest percentage of peel hydrolysis was 67% for P. fluorescens at 0.01 M and 0.05 M for A. terreus (94%). Highest concentration of fermentable sugar was produced by A. terreus crude enzyme (331.79 mg/L glucose, 45.3 mg/L rhamnose and 46.52 mg/L xylose). P. fluorescens and A. terreus effectively supported the bioconversion of organosolv pretreated cassava peels to fermentable sugars.

关键词： Cassava Peels Lignocellulose Bioconversion Organosolv Pretreatment Fermentable Sugars

Analysis on Some Physical and Chemical Properties of Oreke Dolomite Deposit

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2013年第2期1卷 33-38页

作者： Jide Muili Akande Sunday ayodele Agbalajobi Department of Mineral Resources Engineering Kwara State Polytechnic Ilorin Nigeria Department of Mining Engineering Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria

The suitability of Oreke dolomite in Kwara State, Nigeria as a raw material for the manufacturing of refractories was investigated. The Oreke dolomite samples were mingled with feldspar, clay, and quartz to form a blend. The fifteen (15) Blend samples were moulded and analyzed for their chemical, physical and mechanical properties. The characterization was carried out in accordance with American Society of Testing and Material (ASTM). The blend samples were tested for various refractory properties such as bulk density, porosity, cold crushing strength, linear shrinkage, refractoriness and others like water absorption and compressive strength. The chemical composition of the Blend was determined, using X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer and the result shows that Silica is 60%, Alumina is 11.5%, Iron Oxide is 0.48%, Calcium Oxide is 10%, Magnesium is 6.4%, Alkali is 10.4%, and Loss of Ignition of the sample is 15.28%. The addition of 10%-12% quart contents with dolomite of 20%-25% contents complements the percentage of silica in the blend thereby improving the properties of the blend. The strength characterization shows that the Compressive Strength (mean value) of the blend samples is 5.65 N/m2 with respect firing temperature. The strength classification varies between medium to high and was found to satisfy the allowable standard values for the production of refractory wares.

关键词： Dolomite Quartz Feldspar Clay Deposit Blend Refractories Composition

Evaluation of Dietary Diversity, Nutrient Adequacy and Nutritional Status of Pre-school Children in Three Local Government Areas of Ibadan, Nigeria

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Journal of Health Science 2019年第5期7卷 283-294页

作者： Oladejo Thomas Adepoju Adekemi Adetola ayodele Department of Human Nutrition Faculty of Public HealthCollege of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadan 23402Oyo StateNigeria Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria Ibadan 23402Oyo StateNigeria

Malnutrition remains a public health challenge in Nigeria, partly due to poor diversity of diets. Pre-school children are among the vulnerable groups who are mostly affected in communities, as their nutritional status is largely influenced by the quality of diets they consume. Most studies aimed at malnutrition among under-five children have been focused on meeting protein-energy needs without much consideration for micronutrients needs. Dietary diversity has been advocated as a means of meeting nutritional requirements of children. This study was designed to assess the dietary diversity in relation to nutrient adequacy and nutritional status of pre-school children in Ibadan. The descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among 552 pre-schoolers aged 3-5 years in Egbeda, Ona-Ara and Ido Three Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Ibadan metropolis. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics of mother and child. Nutritional status was determined using anthropometric indices. Food frequency questionnaire of 9 food groups was used to obtain dietary diversity scores (DDS) classified as low (< 4 food groups), average (4 to 6 food groups), and high (≥ 7 food groups);and 24-hour dietary recall was used to obtain nutrient adequacy of diet. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and level of significance set at p < 0.05. Malnutrition among pre-schoolers was more prevalent among males (22.0%) than females (18.4%). Stunting was the most prevalent form of malnutrition (26.8%). The DDS of pre-schoolers was low (3.2 ± 1.9). The most consumed food group was cereals, roots and tubers (83.9%) while fruit was least consumed (6.5%). Nutrient adequacy ratio for carbohydrate was highest (1.2 ± 0.2) and least in fibre (0.2 ± 0.2), while mean adequacy ratio for food consumed was (0.72 ± 0.13). There was weak relationship between DDS and nutritional status—wasting (r =-0.067), stunting (r =-0

关键词： Dietary diversity pre-school children nutrient adequacy nutritional status

Women’s Reproductive Autonomy and the Ethics of Baby Making: The Nigerian Case Study

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Journal of Health Science 2019年第6期7卷 327-336页

作者： Chitu Womehoma Princewill ayodele Samuel Jegede National Biotechnology Development Agency Umaru Musa Yar’Adua Express RoadAbujaP.M.B 5118Nigeria Faculty of Social Sciences Department of SociologyUniversity of IbadanIbadanOyo StateNigeria

This study originates from a larger study carried out on the autonomy and reproductive rights of married Ikwerre women of Rivers State,*** examined the use of women for the sole purposes of making babies by couples who are unable to produce children *** study explored a purposive qualitative research *** collection was from December 2014 to March,*** four(34)IDIs(in-depth interviews)and six FGDs(focus group discussions)were conducted with married Ikwerre women between the ages of 22 and 60 years with various educational backgrounds,who are either in monogamous or polygynous *** were analyzed *** on understanding of autonomy,reasons for getting married,choice of marriage,effect of marriage,and educational qualifications were *** showed that some women are married off for the sole purpose of making babies for couples who cannot have biological *** baby making wives are often very unhappy because of the status they are made to assume after having children for these couples.A few are happy,because they see being married for whatever reason as better than being *** laws should be put in place to regulate ART(Assisted Reproductive Technology)in *** will help eliminate the exploitation of women for baby making.

关键词： Nigeria Ikwerre baby making autonomy women infertility

Anthropometry Survey of Nigerian Occupational Bus Drivers to Facilitate Sustainable Design of Driver’s Workplace

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World Journal of Engineering and Technology 2016年第2期4卷 176-182页

作者： Onawumi ayodele Samuel Dunmade Israel Fajobi Moses Department of Mechanical Engineering Covenant University Ota Nigeria Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria

Driving is a highly demanding and responsible job in which both the driver and passengers are exposed to several occupational risks. However, poor design of driver’s workplace is a major risk factor responsible for the uncomfortable conditions which operators of this highly technological system are exposed to especially when engaged in long distance driving. This study aimed at developing anthropometric model for business bus drivers in Nigerian which would facilitate sustainable design of driver’s workplace. A sample size of 161 drivers was randomly selected among strata of operators of buses in selected motor parks in the study area for the ergonomic study. Twelve anthropometric data were collected and analysed to obtain their 5th, 50th and 95th percentiles with which the anthropometric model were developed. Anthropometric model developed from 1932 data points was presented in forms of table showing measurement of sitting driver’s body parts in his workspace indicating design for average as well as extremities of 5th and 95th percentiles. The model represents a database from which designers, manufacturers of equipment, machine, automobiles and household goods can obtain relevant body measurement of the population under study in relation relevant to specific product feature and for development of sustainable workspace design.

关键词： Anthropometry Workspace Bus Driver Ergonomics Sustainable Design

A Novel Insertion Solution for the Travelling Salesman Problem

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第4期79卷 1581-1597页

作者： Emmanuel Oluwatobi Asani Aderemi Elisha Okeyinka Sunday Adeola Ajagbe ayodele Ariyo Adebiyi Roseline Oluwaseun Ogundokun Temitope Samson Adekunle Pragasen Mudali Matthew Olusegun Adigun Department of Computer Science Landmark UniversityOmu Aran251103Nigeria SDG 11 Group Landmark UniversityOmu Aran251103Nigeria Department of Computing MiVA UniversityAbuja900211Nigeria Department of Computer Science Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida UniversityLapai911101Nigeria Department of Computer Science University of ZululandKwadlangezwa3886South Africa Department of Computer&Industrial Production Engineering First Technical UniversityIbadan200243Nigeria Department of Multimedia Engineering Kaunas University of TechnologyKaunasLT-44249Lithuania Department of Computer Science Colorado State UniversityFort Collins80523USA

The studypresents theHalfMax InsertionHeuristic (HMIH) as a novel approach to solving theTravelling SalesmanProblem (TSP). The goal is to outperform existing techniques such as the Farthest Insertion Heuristic (FIH) andNearest Neighbour Heuristic (NNH). The paper discusses the limitations of current construction tour heuristics,focusing particularly on the significant margin of error in FIH. It then proposes HMIH as an alternative thatminimizes the increase in tour distance and includes more nodes. HMIH improves tour quality by starting withan initial tour consisting of a ‘minimum’ polygon and iteratively adding nodes using our novel Half Max *** paper thoroughly examines and compares HMIH with FIH and NNH via rigorous testing on standard TSPbenchmarks. The results indicate that HMIH consistently delivers superior performance, particularly with respectto tour cost and computational efficiency. HMIH’s tours were sometimes 16% shorter than those generated by FIHand NNH, showcasing its potential and value as a novel benchmark for TSP solutions. The study used statisticalmethods, including Friedman’s Non-parametric Test, to validate the performance of HMIH over FIH and *** guarantees that the identified advantages are statistically significant and consistent in various situations. Thiscomprehensive analysis emphasizes the reliability and efficiency of the heuristic, making a compelling case for itsuse in solving TSP issues. The research shows that, in general, HMIH fared better than FIH in all cases studied,except for a few instances (pr439, eil51, and eil101) where FIH either performed equally or slightly better thanHMIH. HMIH’s efficiency is shown by its improvements in error percentage (δ) and goodness values (g) comparedto FIH and NNH. In the att48 instance, HMIH had an error rate of 6.3%, whereas FIH had 14.6% and NNH had20.9%, indicating that HMIH was closer to the optimal solution. HMIH consistently showed superior performanceacross many benchmarks,

关键词： Nearest neighbour heuristic farthest insertion heuristic half max insertion heuristic tour construction travelling salesman problem

The significance of metabolic fingerprinting in carcinogenesis

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Cancer Advances 2024年第1期7卷 1-6页

作者： ayodele Ademola Adelakun Princess Adekunbi Owokalade Department of Medical Laboratory Science Ladoke Akintola University of TechnologyOgbomoso 210001Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science Babcock UniversityIlishan-Remo 121103Nigeria

Carcinogenesis describes the process through which normal cells transform into malignant cells(cancer).There were an estimated 18.1 million new cases of cancer(all cancers combined excluding non-melanoma skin cancer)worldwide in 2020:8.8 million(48%)in females and 9.3 million(52%)in males,giving a male:female ratio of 10:*** may be initiated by the action of biological,physical,or chemical agents that cause a non-lethal,permanent,DNA error on the cell with a consequence of altered cell *** altered cell metabolism include the Warburg effect,altered lipid and amino acid metabolism and production of various *** also results in unique metabolic dependencies that,in some cases,can be targeted with precision medicine and nutrition,including drugs that selectively target metabolic *** fingerprinting has been applied to the study of carcinogenesis and is particularly helpful in early diagnosis,staging and choice of treatment,thus improving health *** technology could therefore be harnessed effectively while combining with other omics technologies.

关键词： cancer metabolomics prognosis diagnosis fingerprint

Geochemical Classification and Geotectonic Setting of Granitic Gneisses from Southeastern Margin of Western Nigeria Basement

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Journal of Geological Research 2021年第2期3卷 1-6页

作者： Mohammed Olatoye Adepoju Yinusa ayodele Asiwaju-Bello Department of Applied Geology The Federal University of TechnologyAkureNigeria

Chemical whole-rock major oxides and some trace element analyses were done on granitic-gneiss rocks from Dagbala-Atte District,located on the southeastern margin of western Nigeria Basement *** was meant to classify the rocks and to understand the tectonic setting in order to evaluate their crustal *** chemical analyses were done using inductively-coupled plasma mass *** the results obtained,these rocks classified into calc-alkaline to shoshonite series with metaluminous to peraluminous *** are I-type granitoids of feroan *** granitic gneisses formed from metamorphism of granite and ***,most of the rock samples plotted in the field of island arc,continental arc and continental-collisional granitoids,which indicated that the protolith granite and granodiorite are orogenic and are arc related inferring arc tectonic setting.

关键词： Migmatite-gneiss-quartzite complex Granitoid Protolith Calc-alkaline Dagbala-Atte district