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Basis for t.e diversit. and ext.nt.in loss of digest.ble nut.ient. creat.d by diet.ry phyt.n: Emphasis on fowl and swine

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Animal Nut.it.on 2024年第1期16卷 422-428页

作者： Edwin t.Moran Michael R.Bedford Poult.y Science Depart.ent Auburn University AB Vist. Woodstock Court Blenheim Road

Phyt.n is t.e Ca2+-Mg2+-K+salt.of phyt.c acid t.at.is creat.d and deposit.d in t.e aleurone layer and/or germ of grains and legumes. It. high presence in feedst.ffs for fowl and swine diet. result. in it.being a universal and significant.impediment.t. opt.mum performance. Phyt.n impairs gast.oint.st.nal recovery of a wide array of nut.ient., t.e effect.varying wit. t.e nut.ient.concerned. On exposure t. low pH during gast.ic digest.on, phyt.n dissociat.s int. phyt.c acid and solubilized Ca2+. Even at.low gast.ic pH,phyt.c acid is negat.vely charged which forms t.e basis of it. ant.-nut.it.ve behavior. Pepsinogen has ext.nsive basic amino acids on it. act.vat.on pept.de t.at.are present.d as cat.ons at.low pH which are t.rget.d by pepsin for act.vat.on. Part.ally cryst.lized Ca2+near t.e enzyme?s act.ve sit. furt.er st.bilizes it. newly formed st.uct.re. t.us, phyt.c acid appears t. int.rfere wit. gast.ic digest.on by several mechanisms; int.rfering wit. pepsinogen act.vat.on by binding t. t.e polypept.de?s basic amino acids;coordinat.ng free Ca2+, dest.bilizing pepsin; binding some diet.ry prot.ins direct.y, furt.er compromising gast.ic prot.olysis. Upon digest. at.aining neut.alit. in t.e duodenum, Ca2+and ot.er cat.ons rebind wit. accessible anions, phyt.c acid being a significant.cont.nder. Phyt.t. not.only binds free cat.ons but.can also st.ip t.em from enzymes(e.g. Ca2+, Zn2+) which reduces t.eir st.uct.ral resist.nce t. aut.lysis and abilit. as co-fact.rs(e.g. Zn2+) t. increase enzyme act.vit.. Goblet.cells init.ally employ Ca2+as an elect.onic shield bet.een mucin layers enabling granule format.on and cell st.rage. Aft.r mucin granule release, Ca2+is progressively displaced by Na+t. free t.e viscous mucins enabling it. t.anslocat.on. Mucin ent.ngles wit. t.e glycocalyx of adjacent.ent.rocyt.s t.ereby const.uct.ng t.e unst.rred wat.r layer（USWL）. Excessive removal of Ca2+from mucin by phyt.c acid increases it. fluidit. facilit.t.ng it. loss from t.e USWL wit.

关键词： Digest.ve enzyme Calcium Endogenous prot.in Mucin Phyt.n

t.e bumpy road of purinergic inhibit.rs t. clinical applicat.on in immune-mediat.d diseases

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Neural Regenerat.on Research 2024年第6期19卷 1206-1211页

作者： Mat.hias t.Wyss Christ.ne Heuer Marina Herwert. Inst.t.t. of Pharmacology and t.xicology University of ZurichZürichSwitzerland Neuroscience Cent.r Zurich(ZNZ) University of Zurich and ETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland Neurology Depart.ent University Hospital of ZurichZürichSwitzerland

Purinergic signaling plays import.nt.roles t.roughout.t.e body in t.e regulat.on of organ funct.ons during and following t.e disrupt.on of *** is also reflect.d by t.e widespread expression of t.o families of purinergic recept.rs(P1 and P2)wit. numerous *** t.e last.few decades,t.ere has been increasing evidence t.at.purinergic signaling plays an import.nt.role in t.e regulat.on of immune ***,signals mediat.d by P2 recept.rs have been shown t. cont.ibut. t. immune syst.m-mediat.d ***,int.rference wit. P2 recept.rs may be a promising st.at.gy for t.e modulat.on of immune *** only a few clinical st.dies have been conduct.d in isolat.d ent.t.es wit. limit.d success,preclinical work suggest. t.at.t.e use of P2 recept.r inhibit.rs may bear some promise in various aut.immune *** t.e associat.on of P2 recept.rs wit. several disorders from t.is field,t.e use of P2 recept.r ant.gonist. in clinical t.erapy is st.ll very *** t.is narrat.ve review,we briefly review t.e involvement.of t.e purinergic syst.m in immunological responses and clinical st.dies on t.e effect.of purinergic inhibit.on on aut.immune *** t.en open t.e apert.re a bit.and show some preclinical st.dies demonst.at.ng a pot.nt.al effect.of purinergic blockade on aut.immune *** suramin,a non-specific purinergic inhibit.r,as an example,we furt.er show t.at.off-t.rget.effect. could be responsible for observed effect. in immunological set.ings,which may have int.rest.ng ***,we believe t.at.it.is wort.while t. furt.er invest.gat. t.is hit.ert. underexplored area.

关键词： aut.immune diseases neurological disorders purinergic syst.m P2 recept.r inhibit.rs suramin

Nonlinear-Opt.cal Analogies in Nuclear-Like Solit.n React.ons:Select.on Rules,Nonlinear t.nneling and Sub-Barrier Fusion–Fission

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Chinese Physics Let.ers 2024年第8期41卷 1-7页

作者： t.L.Belyaeva V.N.Serkin Universidad Aut.noma del Est.do de Mexico Av.Instituto Literario 100C.P.50000TolucaMexico Benemerit. Universidad Aut.noma de Puebla Av.4 Sur 104C.P.72001PueblaMexico

t.e main goal of our st.dy is t. reveal unexpect.d but.int.iguing analogies arising bet.een opt.cal solit.ns and nuclear physics,which st.ll remain hidden from *** consider t.e main cornerst.nes of t.e concept.of nonlinear opt.cs of nuclear react.ons and t.e well-dressed repulsive-core *** t.e base of t.is model,we reveal t.e most.int.iguing propert.es of t.e nonlinear t.nneling of nucleus-like solit.ns and t.e solit.n selfinduced sub-barrier t.ansparency *** describe novel int.rest.ng and st.mulat.ng analogies bet.een t.e int.ract.on of nucleus-like solit.ns on t.e repulsive barrier and nuclear sub-barrier *** main finding of t.is st.dy concerns t.e conservat.on of t.t.l number of nucleons(or t.e baryon number)in nuclear-like solit.n *** show t.at.inelast.c int.ract.ons among well-dressed repulsive-core solit.ns arise only when a“cloud”of“dressing”spect.al side-bands appears in t.e frequency spect.a of t.e *** propert. of nucleus-like solit.ns is direct.y relat.d t. t.e nuclear densit. dist.ibut.on described by t.e dimensionless small shape-squareness *** t.e Fourier spect.a of nucleus-like solit.ns are similar t. t.e nuclear form *** show t.at.t.e nuclear-like react.ons bet.een well-dressed solit.ns are realized by“exchange”bet.een“part.cle-like”side bands in t.eir spect.a.

关键词： solit.ns solit.n Nonlinear

Dist.ibut.on, healt. and ecological risk assessment. of t.ace element. in Nigerian oil sands

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Act. Geochimica 2024年第1期43卷 59-71页

作者： Odunayo t.Ore Fest.s M.Adebiyi Depart.ent.of Chemist.y Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife 220005Nigeria Depart.ent.of Chemical Sciences Achievers UniversityOwoNigeria

t.e Nigerian oil sands represent.t.e largest.oil sand deposit.in Africa, yet.t.ere is lit.le published informat.on on t.e dist.ibut.on and pot.nt.al healt. and ecological risks of t.ace element. in t.e oil resource. In t.e present.st.dy, we invest.gat.d t.e dist.ibut.on pat.ern of 18t.ace element.(including biophile and chalcophile element.) as well as t.e est.mat.d risks associat.d wit. exposure t. t.ese element.. t.e result. of t.e st.dy indicat.d t.at.Fe was t.e most.abundant.element. wit. a mean concent.at.on of 22,131 mg/kg while Br had t.e lowest.mean concent.at.on of 48 mg/kg. t.e high occurrence of Fe and t. suggest.d a possible occurrence of ilmenit.(Fe t.O_(3)) in t.e oil sands. Source apport.onment.using posit.ve mat.ix fact.rizat.on showed t.at.t.e possible sources of det.ct.d element. in t.e oil sands were geogenic, met.l product.on, and crust.l. t.e cont.minat.on fact.r, geo-accumulat.on index, modified degree of cont.minat.on, pollut.on load index, and Nemerow pollut.on index indicat.d t.at.t.e oil sands are heavily pollut.d by t.e element.. Healt. risk assessment.showed t.at.children were relat.vely more suscept.ble t. t.e pot.nt.ally t.xic element. in t.e oil sands principally via ingest.on exposure rout.(HQ > 1E-04). Cancer risks from inhalat.on are unlikely due t. CR t.ingest.on and dermal cont.ct.pose severe risks(CR > 1E-04). t.e high concent.at.ons of t.e element. pose serious t.reat. due t. t.e pot.nt.al for at.ospheric t.ansport. bioaccessibilit., and bioavailabilit..

关键词： Biophile Chalcophile Oil sand Risk assessment t.ace element

Solvat.on Effect. on t.e Dielect.ic Const.nt.of 1 M LiPF6 in Et.ylene Carbonat.:Et.yl Met.yl Carbonat. 3:7

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Energy & Environment.l Mat.rials 2024年第1期7卷 253-256页

作者： Julian Self Nat.an t.Hahn Krist.n A.Persson Depart.ent.of Chemical Engineering Polytechnique MontrealMontrealQC H3T 1J4Canada Depart.ent.of Mat.rials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Energy t.chnologies Area Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Mat.rial Physical and Chemical Sciences CenterSandia National LaboratoriesAlbuquerqueNM 87185USA

We report.t.e dielect.ic const.nt.of 1 M LiPF_(6)in EC:EMC 3∶7 w/w(et.ylene carbonat./et.yl met.yl carbonat.)in addit.on t. neat.EC:EMC 3∶7 w/*** t.ree Debye relaxat.ons,t.e st.t.c permit.ivit. value,or dielect.ic const.nt.is ext.apolat.d t. 18.5,which is compared t. 18.7 for t.e neat.solvent.*** EC solvent.is found t. st.ongly coordinat. wit. t.e Li^(+)cat.ons of t.e salt.which result. in a loss of dielect.ic cont.ibut.on t. t.e ***,t.e small amplit.de and large uncert.int. in relaxat.on frequency for EMC cloud definit.ve ident.ficat.on of t.e Li^(+)solvat.on ***,t.e loss of t.e free EC permit.ivit. cont.ibut.on due t. Li^(+)solvat.on is almost.complet.ly balanced by t.e posit.ve cont.ibut.on of t.e associat.d LiPF_(6)salt.demonst.at.ng t.at.a significant.quant.t. of dipolar ion pairs exist. in 1 M LiPF_(6)in EC:EMC 3∶7.

关键词： bat.eries dielect.ic relaxat.on spect.oscopy elect.olyt.s

Assessment.of Appropriat.ness of Diagnost.c Lymph Node t.ssue Collect.on from t.e Operat.ng t.eat.r and by Int.rvent.onal Radiologist. A Clinical Audit

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Advances in Infect.ous Diseases 2024年第3期14卷 541-548页

作者： Kowt.ar Salman Hassan Divya Deodhar Abdullah t. Al-Rawahi Mahmood H. Al Abri Depart.ent.of Medicine Infectious Diseases Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Muscat Oman Depart.ent.of Infect.on Cont.ol Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Muscat Oman Depart.ent.of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Muscat Oman

Background: Appropriat. sample request.ng, collect.ng and t.mely dispat.h t. t.e appropriat. laborat.ry is essent.al in est.blishing diagnosis of pat.ologies wit. lesions. Much t.me and effort.may be wast.d if t.is is not.done according t. cert.in st.ndards. We conduct.d t.is st.dy t. assess t.e rout. of lymph node samples from request. t. reaching t.e laborat.ries. Met.ods: We conduct.d an audit.over a period from 4t. June unt.l 10t. Aug 2023. Dat. for all t.e procedures performed over t.is period on lymph node samples (was ent.red int. and analysed using Excel. Result.: A t.t.l of eight.en samples for sixt.en pat.ent. were obt.ined during t.is period. Median age of t.e pat.ent. was 34 years (19 - 73) wit. a M:F rat.o of 5:11. Among t.e IR samples, nine samples were from t.e neck, t.ree from inguinal area and one from axilla. Seven samples (53.8%) were t.u-cut.biopsies, six samples (46.15%) were FNA. All samples were sent.t. t.e pat.ology laborat.ry fixed in formalin. Samples for t. were sent.only for five cases (31.25%) and for only t.o cases (12.5%) were samples sent.for bact.rial cult.re. For t.e OR samples, none were sent.for eit.er bact.rial cult.re or t.. Overall, eight.pat.ent. (50%) were not.invest.gat.d for any infect.ous et.ologies like brucella, t.xoplasmosis, CMV, EBV plus ot.er possible causes. Repeat.sampling was required for 25% of pat.ent. (wit.in and out.of t.e audit.period). Conclusions: t. avoid delays in making diagnoses, it.is paramount.t. consider infect.ous et.ologies as possible diagnosis for lymphadenopat.y and request.appropriat. invest.gat.ons. t.is requires liaising wit. infect.ous diseases/clinical microbiology expert. t. guide regarding t.pes of samples, t.pes of media and t.mely dispat.h t. t.e correct.laborat.ry.

关键词： Clinical Audit Clinical Samples Biopsies Lymph Nodes Saline Formalin Qualit. Improvement

Effect. of layer int.ract.ons on inst.nt.neous st.bilit. of finit. St.kes flows

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Applied Mat.emat.cs and Mechanics(English Edit.on) 2024年第1期45卷 69-84页

作者： Chen ZHAO Zhenli CHEN C.t.MUt.SA Dong LI School of Aeronaut.cs Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an 710072China

t.e st.bilit. analysis of a finit. St.kes layer is of pract.cal import.nce in flow cont.ol. In t.e present.work, t.e inst.nt.neous st.bilit. of a finit. St.kes layer wit. layer int.ract.ons is st.died via a linear st.bilit. analysis of t.e frozen phases of t.e base flow. t.e oscillat.ons of t.o plat.s can have different.velocit. amplit.des, init.al phases, and frequencies. t.e effect. of t.e St.kes-layer int.ract.ons on t.e st.bilit. when t.o plat.s oscillat. synchronously are analyzed. t.e growt. rat.s of t.o most.unst.ble modes when δ t.equal, and δ = δ*/h*, where δ*and h*are t.e St.kes-layer t.ickness and t.e half height.of t.e channel, respect.vely. However, t.eir vort.cit.es are different. t.e vort.cit. of t.e most.unst.ble mode is symmet.ic, while t.e ot.er is asymmet.ic. t.e St.kes-layer int.ract.ons have a dest.bilizing effect.on t.e most.unst.ble mode when δ t.bilizing effect.when δ > 0.68. However, t.e int.ract.ons always have a st.bilizing effect.on t.e ot.er unst.ble mode. It.is explained t.at.one of t.e t.o unst.ble modes has much higher dissipat.on t.an t.e ot.er one when t.e St.kes-layer int.ract.ons are st.ong. We also find t.at.t.e st.bilit. of t.e St.kes layer is closely relat.d t. t.e inflect.onal point. of t.e base-flow velocit. profile. t.e effect. of inconsist.nt.velocit.-amplit.de, init.al phase, and frequency of t.e oscillat.ons on t.e st.bilit. are analyzed. t.e energy of t.e most.unst.ble eigenvect.r is mainly dist.ibut.d near t.e plat. of higher velocit. amplit.de or higher oscillat.on frequency. t.e effect. of t.e init.al phase difference are complicat.d because t.e base-flow velocit. is ext.emely sensit.ve t. t.e init.al phase.

关键词： finit. St.kes layer inst.nt.neous st.bilit. St.kes-layer int.ract.on asynchronous oscillat.on

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美国页岩油气地质特征及勘探开发进展

石油勘探与开发 2024年第4期51卷 807-828页

作者： MCMAHON t.P LARSON t.E ZHANG t.SHUSt.R M 美国德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校杰克逊地质科学学院经济地质局奥斯汀78758-4445德克萨斯州美国

基于美国页岩油气勘探开发历程的回顾,对主要页岩盆地的地质演化、主要页岩层系的油气地质特征及勘探开发进展进行系统梳理和总结。美国重要页岩盆地的富烃页岩主要发育于6个地质时期:中奥陶世、中—晚泥盆世、早石炭世(中—晚密西西比... 详细信息

基于美国页岩油气勘探开发历程的回顾,对主要页岩盆地的地质演化、主要页岩层系的油气地质特征及勘探开发进展进行系统梳理和总结。美国重要页岩盆地的富烃页岩主要发育于6个地质时期:中奥陶世、中—晚泥盆世、早石炭世(中—晚密西西比世)、早二叠世、晚侏罗世和晚白垩世(塞诺曼期—土伦期),构造沉积环境主要包括克拉通内盆地、前陆盆地和被动大陆边缘盆地。古生界富烃页岩主要分布于以下6个盆地:阿巴拉契亚盆地(尤蒂卡页岩和马塞勒斯页岩)、阿纳达科盆地(伍德福德页岩)、威利斯顿盆地(巴肯页岩)、阿卡马盆地(费耶特维尔页岩)、沃思堡盆地(巴内特页岩)和二叠盆地(狼营组和斯帕瑞组/骨泉组页岩)。中生界富烃页岩主要发育在西墨西哥湾盆地(海恩斯维尔组和鹰滩组)和落基山盆地群(以丹佛和粉河盆地的尼尔布拉勒组页岩为主)。通过对各页岩区带的详细分析发现,页岩的岩相和矿物成分存在差异,“页岩储层”并非只是页岩,很多情况下页岩油气还产自粉砂岩和碳酸盐岩等多种岩石类型。美国的页岩油气资源丰富,页岩油地质资源量超过0.246×1012 t.页岩气地质资源量超过290×1012 m3。在开启“页岩革命”的水平井水力压裂技术出现之前,美国经过了长达20年的勘探开发实践和理论技术积累。自2007年至2023年,美国页岩油气产量从约11.2×104t.d油当量增加到超过300.0×104t.d油当量,2017年页岩油气产量超过了常规油气,2023年在油气总产量中的占比增加到60%以上。页岩油气的开发主要得益于钻完井技术的改进,“立体开发”的攻关,以及重复压裂、提高原油采收率和“U”形井等技术的应用。基于美国丰富的页岩资源基础和技术的不断进步,页岩油气的产量将继续为全美的油气生产做出更大贡献。

关键词：美国页岩油页岩气页岩储层非常规储层油气产量资源评价

t.e Radcliffe Wave Paramet.rs from Dat. on Open St.r Clust.rs

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Research in Ast.onomy and Ast.ophysics 2024年第3期24卷 106-109页

作者： V.V.Bobylev A.t.Bajkova Pulkovo Ast.onomical Observat.ry St-Petersburg 196140Russia

A spect.al analysis of t.e vert.cal posit.ons and velocit.es of 374 open st.r clust.rs(OSCs)was carried *** t.ok t.ese OSCs from t.e Hunt.and Reffert.cat.log;t.ey have an average age of about.10 million years,and are locat.d on t.e galact.c plane XY in a narrow zone inclined by 25°t. t.e galact.c axis *** following est.mat.s of t.e paramet.rs of t.e Radcliffe wave were obt.ined:(a)t.e maximum value in periodic pert.rbat.ons of vert.cal coordinat.s Z_(max)=92±10pc wit. t.e wavelengt. of t.ese pert.rbat.ons λ_(z)=4.82±0.09 kpc;(b)t.e maximum value of t.e velocit. of vert.cal dist.rbances Wmax=4.36±0.12km s^(-1) wit. dist.rbance wavelengt.λ_(W)=1.78±0.02 *** t.at.t.e result. of t.e vert.cal velocit. analysis are first.class in accuracy and complet.ly new.

关键词： (Galaxy) local int.rst.llar mat.er-Galaxy st.uct.re-(Galaxy) solar neighborhood