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Open Journal of Nursing 2018年第9期8卷 605-615页

作者： Hiroaki murata Yoko Yamaguchi School of Nursing at Narita International University of Health and Welfare Chiba Japan Department of Intensive Care Unit Jikei University Hospital Tokyo Japan

Aim: The purpose of this case study was to examine the sleep quality of patients receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) or nasal high-flow oxygen therapy (NHF) in an intensive care unit and to investigate what types of nursing support are offered to such patients. Methods: We examined one patient each for NPPV and NHF. Polysomnography (PSG), review of the patient charts, and semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data for analysis. Results: Patients treated with NPPV or NHF demonstrated a noticeable reduction in deep sleep, with most of their sleep being shallow. Their sleep patterns varied greatly from those of healthy individuals. These results suggest that, in addition to experiencing extremely fragmented sleep, sleep in these patients was more likely to be interrupted by nursing interventions, such as during auscultation of breath sounds. Furthermore, it was revealed that “anxiety or discomfort that accompanies the mask or air pressure” in patients treated with NPPV and “discomfort that accompanies the nasal cannula or NHF circuit” in patients treated with NHF may be primary causes of disrupted sleep. Our results suggest a need for nursing care aimed at improving sleep quality in patients treated with NPPV or NHF.

关键词： Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NPPV) Nasal High-Flow Oxygen Therapy (NHF) Sleep Deprivation ICU Post Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS)

A Method to Measure Eye-Hand Coordination for Extracting Skilled Elements-Simultaneous Measurement of Eye-Gaze and Hand Location-

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Computer Technology and Application 2014年第2期5卷 73-82页

作者： Atsuo murata Kosuke Inoue Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems Division of Industrial Innovation Sciences Graduate School of Natural Science andTechnology Okayama University Okayama 700-8530 Japan

The purpose of this study was to construct bases for exploring the process of skill acquisition from the viewpoint of eye-hand coordination. The information obtained from eye-gaze is closely related to physical movements in any activity. It is important to establish a method to measure eye-hand coordination for extracting skilled elements and understanding the skill acquisition process. Using a system which consists of an eye mark recorder and a three-dimensional location measurement device, a method for measuring eye-hand coordination was proposed on the basis of the simultaneous measurement of eye-gaze and brush tip locations. After describing the measurement algorithm, the eye-hand coordination during calligraphy was exemplified. More concretely, using such a system, an attempt was made to show that the relationship between the line of eye-gaze and the brush tip stroke was different between a novice and an expert. In such a way, we suggested that the proposed method is promising for exploring the process of skill acquisition.

关键词： Skill eye-hand coordination eye-gaze brush tip location algorithm for measuring eye-hand coordination.

Multinomial Logistic Regression Model for Predicting Driver＇s Drowsiness Using Only Behavioral Measures

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2015年第2期3卷 80-90页

作者： Atsuo murata Kensuke Naitoh Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems Okayama University Okayama 700-8530 Japan

The aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of behavioral evaluation measures for predicting drivers＇ subjective drowsiness. Behavioral measures included neck bending angle, back pressure, foot pressure, COP （center of pressure） movement on sitting surface and tracking error in driving simulator task. Drowsy states were predicted by means of the multinomial logistic regression model where behavioral measures and subjective evaluation of drowsiness corresponded to independent variables and a dependent variable, respectively. First, we compared the effectiveness of two methods （correlation coefficient-based method and odds ratio-based method） for determining the order of entering behavioral measures into the prediction model. It was found that the prediction accuracy did not differ between both methods. Second, the prediction accuracy was compared among the numbers of behavioral measures. The prediction accuracy did not differ among four, five and six behavioral measures and it was concluded that entering at least four behavioral measures into the prediction model is enough to achieve higher prediction accuracy. Third, the prediction accuracy was compared between the strongly drowsy and the weakly drowsy groups. The prediction accuracy differed between the two groups and the proposed method was effective under the condition where drowsiness was induced to a larger extent.

关键词： Drowsy driving traffic accident physiological measures behavioral measures prediction accuracy multinomial logisticregression subjective drowsiness.

Role of Metacognition in Mathematical Problem Solving Process of Permutations and Combinations--Basic Study for CAI Software Development

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Computer Technology and Application 2013年第6期4卷 296-306页

作者： Atsuo murata Yukio Ohta Department of lntelligent Mechanical Systems Division of Industrial Innovation Sciences Graduate School of Natural Science andTechnology Okayama University Okayama 700-8530 Japan

When solving a mathematical problem, we sometimes encounter a situation where we can not reach a correct answer in spite of acquiring knowledge and formula necessary for the solution. The reason can be attributed to the lack in metacognitive abilities. Metacognitive abilities consist of comparing the difficulty of problem with own ability, proper plan of solution process, and conscious monitoring and control of solution process. The role and importance of metacognitive ability in mathematical problem solving of permutations and combinations was explored. Participants were required to solve five practical problems related to permutations and combinations. For each problem, the solution process was divided into：（1） understanding （recognition） of mathematical problem; （2） plan of solution; （3） execution of solution. Participants were also required to rate the anticipation whether they could solve it or not, and to rate the confidence of their own answer. According to the total score of five problems, the participants were categorized into the group of the high test score and the group of the low test score. As a result, at the plan and the execution processes, statistically significant differences were detected between the high and the low score groups. As for the rating on the anticipation of result and the confidence of own answer, no significant differences were found between both groups. Moreover, the relationship between the score of plan process and the score of execution process was statistically correlated. In other words, the more proper the plan process was conducted, the more proper solution the participants reached. In such a way, the importance of metacognitive ability in the solving process, especially the plan ability, was suggested.

关键词： Permutation and combination problem metacognition understanding plan execution CAI (computer assistedinstruction).

Personal Data Use and Morality in the E-Business Environment

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology of China 2004年第3期2卷 116-121页

作者： murata Kiyoshi ORITO Yohko Centre for Computing and Social Responsibility De Montfort University Leicester LE1 9BH UK School of CommerceMeiji University Tokyo 101-8301 JapanGraduate School of CommerceMeiji University Tokyo 101-8301 Japan

This paper deals with personal data use by firms in the e-business environment from the viewpoint of business administration and information ethics. Whereas the tremendous development of information and communication technology (ICT) has made it easier for firms to acquire, store, share, and utilise personal data on their customers, firms that use personal data are exposed to risks related to privacy issues. Since individuals fear the invasion of their privacy, the failure of a firm to appear or remain trustworthy would make it difficult for it to maintain accurate, up-to-date databases and to construct desirable business processes, which would affect the bottom line. Therefore, modern firms should do what they can to ensure that their customers trust them. For them, one promising way to remain trustworthy is to behave as a moral agent. Although it is difficult for any firm to meet the conditions necessary to be a moral agent, competence in behaving as a moral agent is a hard-to-imitate capability af firms for which personal data use is vital for enjoying the benefits of business relationships in the e-business environment.

关键词： personal data use privacy relationship management trustworthiness moral agent

Prediction of Point in Time with High Crash Risk by Integration of Bayesian Estimation of Drowsiness, Tracking Error, and Subjective Drowsiness

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2018年第1期6卷 1-15页

作者： Atsuo murata Yohei Uragami Department of lntelligent Mechanical Systems Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University Okayama700-8530 Japan

The aim of this study was to predict drivers＇ drowsy states with high risk of encountering a crash and prevent drivers from continuing to drive under such drowsy states with high risk of crash. While the participants were required to carry out a simulated driving task, EEG （Electro encephalography）（EEG-MPF and EEG-α/β）, ECG （Electrocradiogram）（RRV3）, t racking error, an d subjective rating on drowsiness were measured. On the basis of such measurements, an attempt was made to predict the point in time with high crash risk using Bayesian estimation of posterior probability of drowsiness, tracking error, and subjective drowsiness. As a result of applying the proposed method to the data of each participant, it was verified that the proposed method could predict the point in time with high crash risk before the point in time of crash.

关键词： Bayesian estimation drowsy driving simulated driving task tracking error physiological measure crash risk.

Condition to Gain More Profits and Promote Cooperation by Tit-for-Tat Strategy in Finite and Repeated Prisoner＇s Dilemma

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Computer Technology and Application 2013年第1期4卷 23-33页

作者： Atsuo murata Naoki Hata Dept. of lntelligent Mechanical Systems Division of lndustrial Innovation Sciences Graduate School of Natural Science andTechnology Okayama University Okayama 700-8530 Japan

As a basic study to prevent accidents or concealment caused by violation of rules or regulations （which are regarded as uncooperative behavior）, an attempt was made to clarify the condition necessary for promoting cooperation when the tit-for-tat strategy is adopted in the finite and repeated prisoner＇s dilemma situations. A mathematical model, in which three different strategies （tit-for-tat, all defection （individualism）, and all cooperation （altruism）） exist, was constructed in order to demonstrate the condition that can promote cooperative behaviors. As a result of an agent-agent computer simulation, it was shown that the tit-for-tat strategy promoted more cooperation than other strategies when the number of agents adopting the tit-for-tat strategy was dominant in the population and the discount parameter was larger. Next, it was explored how the tit-for-tat strategy in the finite and repeated prisoner＇s dilemma promotes cooperation using a human-agent computer simulation. In other words, the condition under which cooperative behavior is encouraged was clarified. In the simulation experiment, the discount rate was controlled as an experimental variable. As well as the first experiment above, the dominant occupation of the tit-for-tat strategy was found to lead to the promoted cooperation. Concerning the effect of discount parameter on the cooperative behavior, the cooperation rate tended to increase with the increase of discount parameter only when the t-t-for-tat strategy is dominant. As a whole, the type of change of discount parameter did not affect the cooperation rate.

关键词： Prisoner's dilemma cooperation defect tit-for-tat strategy discount parameter violation-based accident.

ICT Workers and Professional Spirit in the E-Business Era

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Journal of Electronic Science and Technology of China 2004年第3期2卷 104-109页

作者： murata Kiyoshi HIGASHIMOTO Shigeki Centre for Computing and Social Responsibility De Montfort University Leicester LE1 9BH UK School of Commerce Meiji University Tokyo 101-8301 JapanGraduate School of CommerceMeiji University Tokyo 101-8301 Japan

Because of the ubiquity of information and communication technology (ICT) and ICT-based information systems, ICT workers in business organisations have power, both intentional and unintentional, over people's quality of life. On this point, all of them, not only ICT professionals but also non-professionals or end-users, need to accept responsibility to the public and to have professional spirit in order to make and keep the information society and e-business environment safe and reliable. However, an individual ICT worker is not necessarily a strong existence; he or she is in a complex situation filled with stress and pressure and his or her decisions are sometimes affected by it. Therefore, social and organisational measures to prompt ICT workers to behave in professional spirit are necessary to be taken.

关键词： ICT worker professional spirit e-business environment moral working environment

Helicobacter pylori eradication to prevent gastric cancer: underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第11期12卷 1671-1680页

作者： Shingo Tsuji Masahiko Tsujii Hiroaki murata Tsutomu Nishida Masato Komori Masakazu Yasumaru Shuji Ishii Yoshiaki Sasayama Sunao Kawano Norio Hayashi Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine (Kl) YamadaokaSuita565-0871 Japan Department of Internal Medicine Kansai Rohsai Hospital Amagasaki660-0064 Japan Department of Internal Medicine Kashiwara Muncipal Hospital Kashiwara582-0002 Japan Department of Clinical Laboratory Science Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita565-0871 Japan

Numerous cellular and molecular events have been described in development of gastric cancer. In this artide, we overviewed roles of Helicobacter pylori （H pylori） infection on some of the important events in gastric carcinogenesis and discussed whether these cellular and molecular events are reversible after cure of the infection. There are several bacterial components affecting gastric epithelial kinetics and promotion of gastric carcinogenesis. The bacterium also increases risks of genetic instability and mutations due to NO and other reactive oxygen species. Epigenetic silencing of tumor suppressor genes such as RUNX3 may alter the frequency of phenotype change of gastric glands to those with intestinal metaplasia. Host factors such as increased expression of growth factors, cytokines and COX-2 have been also reported in non-cancerous tissue in Hpylori-positive subjects. It is noteworthy that most of the above phenomena are reversed after the cure of the infection. However, some of them including overexpression of COX-2 continue to exist and may increase risks for carcinogenesis in metaplastic or dysplastic mucosa even after successful H pylori eradication. Thus, H pylori eradication may not completely abolish the risk for gastric carcinogenesis. Efficiency of the cure of the infection in suppressing gastric cancer depends on the timing and the target population, and warrant further investigation.

关键词： Helicobacter Cancer Gastric acid p53 Inflammation Gastric atrophy Intestinal metaplasia

Metacognition in Solving Process of Basic Electric Circuit ProblemmComparison of Metacognitive Characteristics between Non-major and Major Students in Electric Engineering

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Computer Technology and Application 2013年第8期4卷 415-423页

作者： Atsuo murata Yukio Ohta Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology Okayama University Okayama 700-8530 Japan

There are learners who cannot solve practical problems in spite of mastering basic scientific knowledge and formula necessary for the solution. One of the reasons might be attributed to the lack in metacognitive abilities. The aim of this study was to compare the metacognitive characteristics between non-major and major students in electric engineering and clarify the difference of metacognitive process between these two groups when solving basic problems of electronic circuit. In the experiment, the solving process was compared between non-major and major students in electric engineering using five basic problems. We found that the scores on prediction of result and confidence of own answer differed significantly between non-major and major students, and inferred that the difference of performance was due to the lack in metacognitive ability, especially the plan and the execution abilities. Both prediction of results and confidence of own answer were also found to play a significant role in effective problem solving as important components （subsystems） of metacognition.

关键词： Metacognition plan execution prediction of result confidence of answer major and non-major in electric engineering.