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Climate change risk,resilience,and adaptation among rural farmers in East Africa:A literature review

Regional Sustainability 2023年第2期4卷 185-193页

作者： Tobias ACKERL Lemlem Fitwi WELDEMARIAM Mary NYASIMI ayansina ayanlade Department of Geography and Regional Research University of ViennaVienna1010Austria Haramaya University Dire DawaP.O.Box 103Ethiopia United Nations Educational Scientificand Cultural Organization(UNESCO)Regional Office in Eastern AfricaUnited Nations AveNairobiKenya Department of Geography Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-Ife220101Nigeria

This study assesses the literature evidence on climate change risk,resilience,and adaptation measures used among rural farmers in East Africa.A systematic literature review was conducted comprising 30 papers from the Web of Science database published during *** results of the literature review showed that climate change risks have direct impacts on agricultural practices,limit rural farmers’resilience,and exacerbate their food *** most prominent risks are increasingly shorter wet seasons and heat stress,which lead to droughts and food production *** to climate risks,farmers in East Africa adopt various adaptation strategies such as mixed-and inter-cropping,conservation tillage,early planting,crop diversification,***,this review summarizes the determinants of climate change adaptation strategy selection by farmers in East Africa,including age,gender,household size,economic status and household assets,landownership and livestock,education and training,***,the choice of adaptation strategies to climate change is strongly determined by the gender of household heads,the results of gender as a determinant of adaptation differ greatly between different case *** female-headed households(FHHs)tend to perceive changes in temperature more readily than male-headed households(MHHs),the latter are generally more likely to adopt different adaptation *** the resilience and adaptation measures used by rural farmers in East Africa now,improved weather forecasting and early warning systems are needed as a better direction towards the future.

关键词： Climate change Cliamte risk Adaptation Agriculture Resilience Farmer East Africa

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Climate Chang Impacts on Coastal Urban Settlements in Nigeria

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 184-184页

作者： ayanlade ayansina Department of Geography Obafemi Awolowo University

At present,there are substantial scientific uncertainties about the nature and magnitude of climate change impacts that might result from an effective doubling of CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere of the coastal urban settlements of *** is because a large percentage of Nigeria’s urban population lives in coastal *** study examines the potential impact of climate change on the coastal cities of Lagos and Port Harcourt using the Model for the Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Induced Climate Change（Magicc-Scengen）and Geographical Infor-

关键词： climate chance urban settlements Nigeria

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Global Climate Change Impacts on Human Health in Sub-Sahara Africa

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 103-103页

作者： ayanlade ayansina Department of Geography Obafemi Awolowo University

Health and climate have been linked since *** impact of climate change on human health has received increasing recognition since it was first mentioned in the IRCC(Intergovernmental Report on Climate Change).Climate change is widely considered to be a major driver of inter-annual variability of malaria incidence in *** researches have suggested that climate can affect infectious disease patterns because disease agents

关键词： climate change human health Sub-Sahara Africa

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Crops Responses to Inter-Annual Climate Variability in Agroclimatic Zone of Sub-Saharan Africa

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 119-119页

作者： ayanlade ayansina N.O.Adeoye T.O.Odekunle I.O.Orinmogunje Department of Geography Obafemi Awolowo University

Climate variability has become a decisive factor for the crop yields in Sub-Saharan African countries. Inter-annual variability in rainfall has been the key climatic element that determines the success of agriculture in this *** an analysis of recent rainfall conditions in West Africa,FAO(2001) concluded that a long-term change in rainfall has occurred in the semi-arid and sub-humid zones of West ***,this study aims at assessing the vulnerability of crop yields to inter-annual variability in rainfall in sub-Saharan African countries taking Nigeria as a case study.A time series of the averaged value of the 12-Month Weighted Anomaly Standardized Precipita-

关键词： inter-annual climate variability crop yield vulnerability responses WASP

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Molecular Characterization of Some Amylolytic Srains of Bacteria Isolated from Peels and Soils from Two Cassava Dumpsites

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2019年第1期9卷 1-9页

作者： A. D. Victor ayansina A. Olasoji Adelaja John Baba Department of Biological Sciences Bowen University Iwo Nigeria Department of Microbiology Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida University Lapai Nigeria

Samples of peels and soils from cassava waste sites were collected from cassava processing factory in Oyo town, Oyo State and also a dumpsite in Alaya village, Aiyedire local government, Osun State, Nigeria. Bacterial isolation was carried out using the pour plate method to obtain amylolytic bacterial species capable of hydrolyzing starch. Fourteen bacterial isolates that were most responsive to starch hydrolysis were selected from both sampling sites for molecular investigations. DNA of the isolates was extracted and subjected to a cocktail mix and condition for PCR which was purified using two universal primers and afterwards the PCR product was used for the polymorphism through electrophoresis. Bacterial isolates were identified based on their genetic sequences and results showed Bacillus subtilis (21.44%) to be the most frequently occurring specie. There was the prevalence of two similar strains Bacillus subtilis MML2483 and B. subtilis MML2411 which was isolated from the different sampling sites. Some other bacterial strains included Bacillus olivae BRB18, B. licheniformis HT-26-B1, B. cereus H17, B. safensis MS40, B. pumilus

关键词： Cassava PCR Amylase Hydrolysis Bacillus

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Characterization of Amylase from Some Aspergillus and Bacillus Species Associated with Cassava Waste Peels

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Advances in Microbiology 2017年第4期7卷 280-292页

作者： Ayantade Dayo Victor ayansina Ademola Olasoji Adelaja Sani Sambo Datsugwai Mohammed Department of Biological Sciences Bowen University Iwo Nigeria Department of Microbiology Faculty of Science Kaduna State University Kaduna Nigeria

Cassava peels are generated as waste on soils during cassava processing in many tropical countries. This work set out to isolate some microorganisms associated with cassava peel degradation and characterize amylase enzymes responsible for the degradation under some physiological conditions. A total of 30 bacteria was isolated from the peels with Bacillus species occurring the most (46.5%) and Enterobacter species (13.3%) being the next. Frequencies of fungal isolations was Rhizopus sp. (35%);Aspergillus niger (25%);Aspegillus flavus (20%) and Penicillium species (20%). Bacillus cereus, Bacillus substilis Bacillus pumillus, Aspergillus niger and Apergillus flavus were selected and screened for their abilities to produce amylase. Amylase activity was highest at day 4 for B. substilis (39.4 units/ml) and A. flavus (66.1 units/ml);at day 3 for B. cereus (55.6 units/ml) and A. niger (44.6 units/ ml). While maximum amylase activity was obtained at day 6 for B. pumilus (80.2 units/ml). Optimum pH for amylases from the two fungal isolate was 6.0 (A. niger = 53.5 units/ml and A. flavus = 65.4 units/ml). While optimum pH for *** (51.7 units/ ml) and B. pumilus (44.6 units/ml) was 6.5 and for B. substilis (56.1 units/ml) at pH 7.0. Amylase activities increased from 20°C to 40°C for amylase from Bacillus sp. and 20°C to 50°C for amylase from the Aspergillus sp. after which there was a decline in activities as temperature increased to 80°C. Effect of heating duration (at 70°C for 5 minutes) on the amylase showed that A. niger has the highest activity of 127 units/ml. Effect of substrate concentration on amylase activity showed that amylase form A. flavus had the highest activity of 72.2 units/ml at 0.4% substrate concentration. The implications of the findings were discussed.

关键词： Amylase Bacillus Aspegillus Enzyme Activity

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