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Increased Spot Urinary Protein-to-Creatinine Ratio Can Be a Useful Predictor of Preeclampsia

Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015年第14期5卷 808-812页

作者： Mai Nishimura ayaka nakashima Takuya Kushimoto Mayako Goto Susumu Yoshida Osamu Sato Kayoko Shikado Kazuhide Ogita Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Rinku General Medical Center Osaka Japan

Objectives: Preeclampsia is a major cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis of preeclampsia is important to help patients with preeclampsia. However, 24-hour urine collection is the gold standard diagnostic method at present. Recently, the spot urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (P/C ratio) has been used to detect suspected preeclampsia, because it can be used to estimate the amount of 24-hour urinary protein. The aim of this study is to investigate whether an increase in P/C ratio precedes emergence of hypertension among inpatients with preeclampsia. Method: The P/C ratio in normotensive (systolic blood pressure < 140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg) pregnant women was measured during regular prenatal checkups and in inpatients with preeclampsia between April 1, 2013 and March 31, 2014. Results: We included in this study 4074 normotensive pregnant women. The 95th percentile values for the trimester of pregnancy were 0.100, 0.157, and 0.195, respectively. The 95th percentile value for each trimester of pregnancy and gestational age were determined as criterion (Y) and predictive variables (X), respectively. In a simple regression analysis, the regression line was calculated as Y = 0.0035X + 0.0849 (R2 = 0.9913). Twenty-one women were diagnosed with preeclampsia. In 14 patients with preeclampsia, the timing of the increase in P/C ratio to higher than the regression line preceded the emergence of hypertension. Six patients had no data on P/C ratio, and 1 patient had hypertension before the increase in P/C ratio. Conclusions: An increase in P/C ratio to higher than the 95th percentile value can be a useful predictor of preeclampsia.

关键词： Preeclampsia Eclampsia Protein-to-Creatinine Ratio Pregnancy Induced Hypertension Proteinuria

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Increased Spot Urinary Protein-to-Creatinine Ratio Can Be a Useful Predictor of Preeclampsia

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology（妇产科期刊） 2015年第14期

作者： Mai Nishimura ayaka nakashima Takuya Kushimoto Mayako Goto Susumu Yoshida Osamu Sato Kayoko Shikado Kazuhide Ogita Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Rinku General Medical Center

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Acid Elution of Aluminum and Calcium from Human Deciduous Enamel in Relation to Dental Caries

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2016年第2期6卷 54-63页

作者： Koji Watanabe Toshiko Tanaka ayaka Enomoto Katsura Saeki Shigenori Kawagishi Hideaki nakashima Kenshi Maki Shigeru Watanabe Division of Pediatric Dentistry Department of Human Development and Fostering Meikai University School of Dentistry Sakado Japan Division of Developmental Stomatognathic Function Science Department of Health Promotion Kyushu Dental University Kitakyushu Japan Division of Surgery Department of Health Promotion Kyushu Dental University Kitakyushu Japan Division of Multidisciplinary Studies Department of Health Promotion Kyushu Dental University Kitakyushu Japan

Although aluminum itself was reported to prevent dental caries, previous in vitro studies reported that the aluminum level in the whole saliva of children was independent of caries prevalence. Purposes of this study were to compare the elution levels of aluminum and calcium from deciduous enamel into acidic artificial saliva, and determine whether the degree of aluminum elution reflects individual caries risk. One hundred and eleven extracted human deciduous teeth were collected. Concentrations of aluminum and calcium eluted from sound regions of enamel into artificial saliva (pH 6.2 or 5.5) were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. One hundred and four and 108 available data samples were obtained for aluminum and calcium evaluation, respectively, and were compared based on the sex, tooth type, caries history, and the number of the donor’s carious teeth at each pH. Calcium elution was not affected by the sex;however, more aluminum was eluted from boys’ than from girls’ teeth at pH 5.5. The aluminum release depended on the tooth type, and was significantly higher in incisors than in molars at a pH of 5.5. In relation to the caries history, aluminum (at pH 5.5) and calcium (at pH 6.2) dissolved more from sound regions of the enamel of caries-experienced teeth than from the enamel of teeth without caries experience. Moreover, aluminum markedly dissolved from enamel in artificial saliva at both pH 6.2 and 5.5 when the donor had more carious teeth, regardless of the presence or absence of caries experience in the sampled teeth. There is a possibility that the rate of aluminum elution from enamel into acidic fluid reflects individual caries sensitivity.

关键词： Aluminum Elution Deciduous Enamel Dental Caries Artificial Saliva

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