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Characterisation of Human-Wildlife Conflicts around the Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第3期15卷 343-356页

作者： Basubi Muke Matthieu Vwima Stany ayagirwe basengere rodrigue.mushagalusa freddy Benjamin-Fink Nicole Bobo Kadiri Serge Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Evangelical University in Africa Bukavu Congo Wildlife and Protected Areas Laboratory Forestry and Wood Technology Department of Forestry University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Faculty of Economics and Management Sciences Evangelical University in Africa Bukavu Congo Conservation beyond Borders Organization Minnetonka USA

The history of mankind contains so many illustrations of well-classified and violent struggles against various animals over crop production in agricultural fields, attacks on human life or competition in order to have access to certain natural resources. The aim of this study is to characterise the human-wildlife conflicts that occur around the KBNP, especially with regard to primates. Surveys were carried out in 260 households selected using the snowball method. The results showed that human-wildlife conflicts around the KBNP are characterised by the destruction of crops in riparian fields by monkeys, chimpanzees and gorillas, the destruction of houses, physical attacks and zoonoses. Despite the conservation and protection measures for wildlife and local populations put in place by the Park’s managers, conflicts between local populations and the Park’s wild animals are still visible. These conflicts lead to the detention of wild animals by local people roaming in the villages and to poaching on the Park’s boundaries. The weakness of the community management policy on the part of the park managers and the resentment of the indigenous peoples towards the restriction of their access to natural resources are the major constraints on the sustainable management of conflicts between the local populations and the wild animals in the KBNP. The strategies for the sustainable resolution of human-wildlife conflicts around the KBNP must be geared towards and integrated into a community conservation approach.

关键词： Community Conservation Human-Wildlife Conflict Kahuzi-Biega National Park

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Characterisation of Human-Wildlife Conflicts around the Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo

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Journal of Environmental Protection（环境保护） 2024年第3期 343页

作者： Basubi Muke Matthieu Vwima Stany ayagirwe basengere rodrigue.mushagalusa freddy Benjamin-Fink Nicole Bobo Kadiri Serge

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Planar matrices and arrays of Feynman diagrams

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第3期76卷 15-32页

作者： freddy Cachazo Alfredo Guevara Bruno Umbert Yong Zhang Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics WaterlooON N2L 2Y5Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of WaterlooWaterlooON N2L 3G1Canada CECs Valdivia y Departamento de Física Universidad de ConcepciónCasilla 160-CConcepciónChile Center for the Fundamental Laws of Nature Society of Fellows and Black Hole InitiativeHarvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138United States of America Department of Applied Mathematics Western UniversityLondonON N6A 5B7Canada CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesNo.19A Yuquan RoadBeijing 100049China

Recently,planar collections of Feynman diagrams were proposed by Borges and one of the authors as the natural generalization of Feynman diagrams for the computation of k=3 biadjoint *** collections are one-dimensional arrays of metric trees satisfying an induced planarity and compatibility *** this work,we introduce planar matrices of Feynman diagrams as the objects that compute k=4 biadjoint *** are symmetric matrices of metric trees satisfying compatibility *** introduce two notions of combinatorial bootstrap techniques for finding collections from Feynman diagrams and matrices from *** applications of the first,we find all 693,13612 and 346710 collections for(k,n)=(3,7),(3,8)and(3,9),*** applications of the second kind,we find all90608 and 30659424 planar matrices that compute(k,n)=(4,8)and(4,9)biadjoint amplitudes,*** an example of the evaluation of matrices of Feynman diagrams,we present the complete form of the(4,8)and(4,9)biadjoint *** also start a study of higher-dimensional arrays of Feynman diagrams,including the combinatorial version of the duality between(k,n)and(n-k,n)objects.

关键词： Feynman diagrams biadjoint amplitudes tropical Grassmannian

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Influence of BPPV and Meniere's Disease on Cognitive Abilities: A Questionnaire-Based Study

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Journal of Otology 2024年第1期19卷 10-18页

作者： Rohit Bhattacharyya Animesh Barman freddy Antony All India Institute of Speech and Hearing MysoreMysuruIndia

The vestibular system connects the inner ear to the midbrain and subcortical structures and can affect cognition. Patients with vertigo often experience cognitive symptoms such as attention deficits, memory problems, and spatial perception difficulties. This study aimed to explore the cognitive impairments associated with Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(BPPV) and Meniere's Disease(MD). A non-experimental group comparison design was used with 107 participants divided into three groups: Group I(clinically normal), Group II(BPPV), and Group III(MD). Participants completed a questionnaire with 10 cognition-related questions, and their responses were scored. The data were found to be non-normally distributed. The analysis revealed a significant difference in scores between Group I and both Group II and Group III. Chi-square tests showed that the responses to cognition-related questions varied among the groups, with Group II exhibiting more cognitive problems. Associated conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and hearing loss did not significantly influence the responses within each group. This study suggests a significant relationship between cognitive problems and patients with BPPV and MD. However, there was no association found between the cognitive problems experienced in BPPV and MD patients. These findings align with previous research indicating that vestibular disorders can lead to deficits in spatial memory, attention, and other cognitive functions. By understanding the link between cognition and vestibular disorders, we can improve diagnosis and rehabilitation services to enhance the quality of life for these patients.

关键词： BPPV Meniere's disease Cognition Questionnaire

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Profile of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in Bukavu Hospitals and Antimicrobial Susceptibility to Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第4期14卷 209-225页

作者： Christian Ahadi Irenge freddy Bikioli Patient Birindwa Mulashe Félicien mushagalusa Kasali Patient Wimba Aksanti Lwango Yves Coppieters Justin Ntokamunda Kadima Department of Pharmacy and Public Health Official University of Bukavu Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Tropical Medecine Faculty of Medecine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Official University of Bukavu Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Medical Biology Higher Institute of Medical Technics Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo School of Public Health Free University of Bruxelles Bruxelles Belgium School of Medicine College of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Rwanda Huye Rwanda

Objective: To evaluate the spread of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) bacterial infections in Bukavu hospitals and test antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of some isolates to usual marketed antibiotics. Methods: The prevalence of MDR strains was determined by using general antimicrobial susceptibility data collected from 3 hospital laboratories. The susceptibility of some isolates to usual antibiotics was processed by agar diffusion method with standard E. coli ATCC8739 and standard antibiotics discs as controls. The tested antibiotics were ampicillin, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin. Results: At the 3 hospitals, 758 tests were realized in urine, pus, stool, FCV, blood, LCR, split and FU specimens;46 strains were unidentified and 712 strains were identified. Of 712 identified strains, 223 (31.4%) were MDR or XDR strains including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella enterica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii, Morganella morganii, Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium, Neisseria gonorrohoae, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative, staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. Of the infected patients, 36 (21.5%) children were under 16 years and 188 (78.5%) adults were predominately women (58.5%). The susceptibility test showed that all strains but S. aureus were resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin. Gentamicin, ceftriaxone, and chloramphenicol remain partially active (27% - 80%) against P. mirabilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. The resistance is more likely related to strain mutation than to pharmaceutical quality of the antibiotics prescribed. Conclusion: Both data from hospital laboratories and in vitro post-testing findings confirmed the ongoing elevated prevalence of MDR strains in Bukavu. The causes of antibiotic misuse and socio-economic determinants of the phenomenon of resistance should be scrutinized in order to take adequate strateg

关键词： Prevalence Antimicrobials Multi-Resistance Bacterial Sensitivity Bukavu DRC

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Impact of data balancing a multiclass dataset before the creation of association rules to study bacterial vaginosis

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智慧医学（英文） 2024年第3期04卷 188-199页

作者： de la Cruz-Ruiz freddy Canul-Reich Juana Rivera-López Rafael de la Cruz-Hernández Erick Academic Division of Science and Technology of the Information Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco La Esmeralda District Tabasco Mexico Department of Systems National Technological Institute of Mexico Technological Institute of Veracruz Veracruz Mexico Multidisciplinary Academic Division of Comalcalco Juárez Autonomous University of Tabasco Tabasco Mexico

Background:Bacterial vaginosis is a polymicrobial syndrome in which the homeostasis exerted by the Latobacillus species that protect the vaginal mucosa has been lost. This study explored the data balancing process with the intention of improving the quality of association rules. The article aimed to balance the unbalanced multiclass dataset to improve association rule creation. Methods:A dataset with 201 observations and 58 variables was analyzed. A preconstructed dataset was used. The authors collected the data between August 2016 and October 2018 in Tabasco, Mexico. The study population comprised sexually active women ages 18 to 50 who underwent gynecological inspection at the infectious and metabolic diseases research laboratory at the Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco. To determine the best k-value, the random-forest algorithm was used and the balancing was performed with the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE), random over-sampling examples (ROSE), and adaptive syntetic sampling approach for imbalanced learning (ADASYN) algorithms. The Apriori algorithm created the rules and to select rules with statistical significance, the ***(), ***(), and ***() functions and quality metric Fisher’s exact tes were used. The biological validation was carried out by the expert (bacteriologist). Results:The ADASYN algorithm at K = 9 the out of the bag (OOB) error was zero, this was the best K-values. In the balancing process the ADASYN algorithm show best the performance. From the dataset balanced with ADASYN, the apriori algorithm created the association rules and the selection with the quality metric Fisher’s exact test, and the biological validation reported 13 rules. Gram - bacteria Atopobium vaginae, Gardnerella vaginalis, Megasphaera filotipo 1,Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma parvum were detected by the apriori algorithm from the balanced dataset. Conclu

关键词： Bacterial vaginosis Data balancing Random forest Synthetic minority over-sampling technique

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Profile of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in Bukavu Hospitals and Antimicrobial Susceptibility to Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus

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Advances in Microbiology（微生物学） 2024年第4期 209页

作者： Christian Ahadi Irenge freddy Bikioli Patient Birindwa Mulashe Félicien mushagalusa Kasali Patient Wimba Aksanti Lwango Yves Coppieters Justin Ntokamunda Kadima

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Rationale of a Cross Sectional Analytic Study on Determinants of Recurrent Preeclampsia at University Clinics of Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo) and at Victor Dupouy Hospital Center (France)

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第5期14卷 824-831页

作者： Mushengezi Amani Dieudonné Sengeyi Muela Andy Mbangama Mokambanda Cynthia Awena Goy Sambwa Christian Kelele Nkongolo freddy Muamba Banza Jésual Lotoy Otem Christian Ndesanzim Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Clinics of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo

Research Background: Pre-eclampsia is one of main causes of materno-foetal mortality and morbidity worldwide, with a prevalence of 3% - 7%. Although considered a primiparous condition, it can nevertheless recur. Several factors appear to be associated with risk of recurrence of pre-eclampsia, such as the term of delivery of previous pregnancy, severity of disease, the existence of co-morbidities and the inter-genital space. Purpose: The aim of our study will be to analyse and identify in a population of pregnant women with a history of preeclampsia risk factors associated with occurrence of recurrent preeclampsia at University clinics of Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of Congo) and at Victor Dupouy Hospital Center (France). Methods: In this study, pregnant women with an history of preeclampsia who will give birth between November 2018 and October 2024 at University Clinics of Kinshasa (UCK) and Victor Dupouy Hospital Center (VDHC) will be included. This will be a cross-sectional analytical study, data from previous and subsequent pregnancies will be studied. Expected Result: The prevalence of recurrent preeclampsia in the study population will be determined. And we will highlight the factors that will determine the recurrence of preeclampsia by analysing the risk factors. Conclusion: Knowledge of the factors associated with recurrent preeclampsia could be an excellent tool for predicting and preventing the disease.

关键词： Recurrent Pre-Eclampsia Risk Factor Determinants

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Role of bioengineering structures made of willow cuttings in marly sediment trapping: assessment of three real-size experiments in the Southern French Alps

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第2期15卷 225-236页

作者： freddy REY Univ.Grenoble Alpes Irstea Grenoble

Improving knowledge on the ability of bioengineering structures made of willow cuttings to enhance efficient and sustainable sediment trapping in marly gullies in the Southern French Alps under a mountainous Mediterranean climate, to decreasesediment trapped per experiment, the mean annual values reached 0.25, 0.14 and 0.08 m3 yr-1 in experiments C, A and B, respectively. Maximum values for one structure reached 1.94 m3 per year in experiment C. The significance of the volumes ofsediment yield at their outlets, is a key issue today for the international scientific community working in geosciences and ecology. This study therefore aims to assess three real-size experiments(A, B and C) carried out between 2003 and 2013 in this environment. A total of 157 bioengineering structures using purple and white willow(Salix purpurea and Salix incana)cuttings – which have been shown to resprout and survive more than 2 years after their installation,corresponding to brush layers with brush mats on wooden sills(BLM), 1.2 m wide and 2 m long,installed on the floors of 33 experimental marly gullies, were monitored. The results showed that sediment trapping occurred upstream of the vegetation barriers from the 1 st year *** the depth of sediment trapped per experiment, the mean annual values reached 11.2 cm yr-1 after 3 years in experiment A, 7.7 cm yr-1 after 2–4 years in experiment C and 5.1 cm yr-1 after 5 years in experiment B. Occasionally, BLMs showed that they could trap up to 16 and 15 cm yr-1 in experiments A and C, respectively. Considering the volumes oftrapped sediment and the sustainability of sediment trapping are discussed, and rules for bioengineering strategies are proposed.

关键词： Erosion Marly gully Vegetation barriers Ecological engineering Salix

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Extensions of Certain Modules Over the First Weyl Algebra

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Science China Mathematics 1994年第5期37卷 535-546页

作者：肖杰 freddy van Oystaeyen Department of Mathematics Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875PRC Department of Mathematics University of Antwerp UIA Antwerpen B-2610 Belgium

Using a method stemming from the representation theory of finite-dimensional algebra’s,results about a category of Artinian modules over the first Weyl algebra consisting of objects having composition series with composition factors isomorphic to prescribed ones have been *** category corresponds to a tube of Z/2Z type and it is serial and *** Auslander-Reiten formula in this category describing the functor Ext,,(-,-) in terms of the AR-quiver has been *** dimensions of Ext4(M,N) for M and N in different tubes are calculated.

关键词： Weyl algebra Artinian module tube

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