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Outcome of Early Surgical Decompression in Traumatic Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery 2020年第3期10卷 353-363页

作者： Mohammed Ahmed Eissa Ahmed Elsharkawy Hieder Al-Shami aya ouf Ahmed M. Salah El-Din Department of Neurosurgery Cairo University Cairo Egypt Department of Neurosurgery Al-Ahly Bank Hospital Cairo Egypt School of Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt

Objectives: Central cord syndrome has been reported to occur with particular frequency among older persons with cervical spondylosis who sustain hyperextension neck injury. This study aims to determine the efficacy of early surgical decompression (within 24 hours) of traumatic central cord syndrome patients in comparison with conservative management for central cord syndrome to determine a line of management to these cases. Methods: 60 patients suffering from acute traumatic central cord syndrome with various neurological deficits were divided into 2 groups, group A (conservatively managed) and group B (surgically managed). Patients in group B were operated upon within 24 hr. of trauma by posterior decompression. Clinical assessment of each patient on admission, discharge and 3 months follow-ups was done using the ASIA Impairment Scale, FIM, Ashworth scale, bladder function, and neuropathic pain symptoms. Results: Data collected from both groups showed, group A (the conservative group) consisted of 22 male (73.3%) and 8 female subjects (26.6%) with a mean age of 57.5 years while in group B (surgical group) the sample consisted of 20 male (66.6%) and 10 female subjects (33.3%) with a mean age of 58.6 years. There was an improvement in our study—according to ASIA and FIM scales—in 8 patients of 30 (26.6%) in the conservative group. In the surgical group, improvement in 16 patients (53.3%). Conclusions: Early surgical decompression with laminectomy and duroplasty can be considered a reliable modality in the management of traumatic CCS and can effectively reduce the secondary injury of the spinal cord and consequent deterioration with less hospital stay.

关键词： Central Cord Syndrome “CCS” Early Surgical Decompression Laminectomy Duroplasty

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Modelling occupant behaviour for urban scale simulation:Review of available approaches and tools

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Building Simulation 2023年第2期16卷 169-184页

作者： aya Doma Mohamed ouf Department of Building Civiland Environmental EngineeringConcordia UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada

Urban building energy modelling(UBEM)is considered one of the high-performance computational tools that enable analyzing energy use and the corresponding emission of different building sectors at large ***,the efficiency of these models relies on their capability to estimate more realistic building performance indicators at different temporal and spatial *** uncertainty of modelling occupants'behaviours(OB)aspects is one of the main reasons for the discrepancy between the UBEM predicted results and the building's actual *** a result,research efforts focused on improving the approaches to model OB at an urban scale considering different diversity *** the other hand,the impact of occupants in the current practice is still considered through fixed schedules and behaviours *** bridge the gap between academic efforts and practice,the applicability of OB models to be integrated into the available UBEM tools needs to be *** this end,this paper aims to investigate the flexibility and extensibility of existing UBEM tools to model OB with different approaches by(1)reviewing UBEM's current workflow and the main characteristics of its inputs,(2)reviewing the existing OB models and identifying their main characteristics and level of details that can contribute to UBEM accuracy,(3)providing a breakdown of the occupant-related features in the commonly used *** results of this investigation are relevant to researchers and tool developers to identify areas for improvements,as well as urban energy modellers to understand the different approaches to model OB in available tools.

关键词： UBEM UBEM tools occupant behaviour level of details

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An Optimized Deep Learning Approach for Improving Airline Services

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第4期75卷 1213-1233页

作者： Shimaa ouf Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration Business Information Systems DepartmentHelwan UniversityCairoEgypt

The aviation industry is one of the most competitive markets. Themost common approach for airline service providers is to improve passengersatisfaction. Passenger satisfaction in the aviation industry occurs whenpassengers’ expectations are met during flights. Airline service quality iscritical in attracting new passengers and retaining existing ones. It is crucialto identify passengers’ pain points and enhance their satisfaction with theservices offered. The airlines used a variety of techniques to improve servicequality. They used data analysis approaches to analyze the passenger pointdata. These solutions have focused simply on surveys;consequently, deeplearningapproaches have received insufficient attention. In this study, deepneural networks with the adaptive moment estimation Adam optimizationalgorithm were applied to enhance classification performance. In previousstudies, the quality of the dataset has been ignored. The proposed approachwas applied to the airline passenger satisfaction dataset from the Kagglerepository. It was validated by applying artificial neural networks (ANNs),random forests, and support vector machine techniques to the same dataset. Itwas compared with other research papers that used the same dataset and had asimilar problem. The experimental results showed that the proposed approachoutperformed previous studies. It has achieved an accuracy of 99.3%.

关键词： Adam optimizer data pre-processing airlines machine learning deep learning optimization techniques

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Leguminous seeds detection based on convolutional neural networks:Comparison of Faster R-CNN and YOLOv4 on a small custom dataset

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2023年第2期8卷 30-45页

作者： Noran S.ouf Faculty of Engineering Cairo UniversityGizaEgypt

This paper help with leguminous seeds detection and smart farming. There are hundreds of kinds of seeds and itcan be very difficult to distinguish between them. Botanists and those who study plants, however, can identifythe type of seed at a glance. As far as we know, this is the first work to consider leguminous seeds images withdifferent backgrounds and different sizes and crowding. Machine learning is used to automatically classify andlocate 11 different seed types. We chose Leguminous seeds from 11 types to be the objects of this study. Thosetypes are of different colors, sizes, and shapes to add variety and complexity to our research. The images datasetof the leguminous seeds was manually collected, annotated, and then split randomly into three sub-datasetstrain, validation, and test (predictions), with a ratio of 80%, 10%, and 10% respectively. The images consideredthe variability between different leguminous seed types. The images were captured on five different backgrounds: white A4 paper, black pad, dark blue pad, dark green pad, and green pad. Different heights and shootingangles were considered. The crowdedness of the seeds also varied randomly between 1 and 50 seeds per *** combinations and arrangements between the 11 types were considered. Two different image-capturingdevices were used: a SAMSUNG smartphone camera and a Canon digital camera. A total of 828 images wereobtained, including 9801 seed objects (labels). The dataset contained images of different backgrounds, heights,angles, crowdedness, arrangements, and combinations. The TensorFlow framework was used to construct theFaster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) model and CSPDarknet53 is used as the backbonefor YOLOv4 based on DenseNet designed to connect layers in convolutional neural. Using the transfer learningmethod, we optimized the seed detection models. The currently dominant object detection methods, Faster RCNN, and YOLOv4 performances were compared experimental

关键词： Machine learning Object detection Leguminous seeds Deep learning Convolutional neural networks Faster R-CNN YOLOv4

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A simulation-based method to investigate occupant-centric controls

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Building Simulation 2021年第4期14卷 1017-1030页

作者： Mohamed M.ouf June Young Park H.Burak Gunay Department of Building Civil and Environmental EngineeringConcordia University1515Rue Sainte-Catherine O.MontrealQCH3G 1MCanada Department of Civil Engineering The University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonTX76019USA Department of Civil Engineering Carleton University1125 Colonel By DriveOttawaONK1S 5B6Canada

Occupant-centric control (OCC) strategies rely on different algorithms to learn and predict occupants’ patterns and preferences, then utilize these predictions to optimize building operations. However, testing different OCC algorithms or fine-tuning their configurations in real buildings can be a lengthy process. To this end, we present a framework for testing OCCs in a simulation environment prior to field implementation. The proposed workflow entails using synthetic occupant behaviour models and simulating OCC strategies to learn their preferences. The goal is to enable quick comparison of different OCC configurations under various scenarios by modifying occupant behaviour assumptions, as well as climate and design parameters. For proof-of-concept, the proposed method was applied in a case-study to simulate OCCs for lighting and heating/cooling setpoint adjustments in a single office under various occupant types, as well as OCC settings and design configurations. Results demonstrated the benefits of the proposed framework and its potential for providing a more holistic evaluation of OCCs under different scenarios. Using the proposed framework, building designers and operators can identify potential issues with OCCs and fine-tune their settings prior to field implementation.

关键词： occupant-centric controls building simulations energy efficiency comfort building operations lighting HVAC controls

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A reinforcement learning approach for thermostat setpoint preference learning

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Building Simulation 2024年第1期17卷 131-146页

作者： Hussein Elehwany Mohamed ouf Burak Gunay Nunzio Cotrufo Jean-Simon Venne Department of Environmental Engineering Carleton UniversityOttawaCanada Departmentof Building Civiland Environmental EngineeringConcordia UniversityMontrealCanada BrainBox Al Inc. MontrealCanada

Occupant-centric controls(OcC)is an indoor climate control approach whereby occupant feedback is used in the sequence of operation of building energy *** OcC has been used in a wide range of building applications,an OcC category that has received considerable research interest is learning occupants'thermal preferences through their thermostat interactions and adapting temperature setpoints *** recent studies used reinforcement learning(RL)as an agent for OcC to optimize energy use and occupant *** studies depended on predicted mean vote(PMV)models or constant comfort ranges to represent comfort,while only few of them used thermostat *** paper addresses this gap by introducing a new off-policy reinforcement learning(RL)algorithm that imitates the occupant behaviour by utilizing unsolicited occupant thermostat *** algorithm is tested with a number of synthetically generated occupant behaviour models implemented via the Python APl of *** simulation results indicate that the RL algorithm could rapidly learn preferences for all tested occupant behaviour scenarios with minimal exploration *** substantial energy savings were observed with most occupant scenarios,the impact on the energy savings varied depending on occupants'preferences and thermostat use behaviour stochasticity.

关键词： reinforcement learning preference learning occupant-centric controls smart thermostats off-policy learning

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THE EFFECT OF OCCUPANCY ON ELECTRICITY USE IN THREE CANADIAN SCHOOLS

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Journal of Green Building 2018年第1期13卷 95-112页

作者： Mohamed ouf Mohamed H.Issa Phil Merkel Panos Polyzois Department of Civil Engineering University of Manitoba15 Gillson StreetWinnipeg MB R3T 5V6 Canada Customer Engineering Department Manitoba Hydro

Through building performance simulations, previous studies showed the effect of occupants on buildings’ energy consumption. To further demonstrate this effect using empirical evidence, this study analyzed the effect of occupancy on real-time electricity consumption in three case-study schools in Manitoba. Within each school, one classroom as well as the gymnasium were sub-metered to collect real-time electricity consumption data at half-hourly intervals. The study focused on electricity consumption for lighting and plug loads, which make up 30% of energy consumption in Canadian commercial and institutional buildings. A comprehensive method was developed to investigate energy-related occupant behaviour in the sub-metered spaces using four different tools simultaneously: 1) gymnasium bookings after school hours over a four-month period, 2) half-hourly observations of lighting and equipment use in the sub-metered spaces in each school over a two-week period, 3) a daily survey administered to teachers in the sub-metered classrooms over a two-week period, and 4) occupancy and light sensors to evaluate actual recorded occupancy and light use durations over a four-month period. Results showed that recorded occupancy durations over a 4-month period only explained less than 10% of the variations in classrooms’ lighting electricity consumption, meaning that lights may have been used frequently while classrooms were unoccupied. Results also showed the differences in gymnasiums’ electricity consumption were still statistically significant between the three schools, even after school hours and when the gymnasiums were not used or booked for other activities. This study is the first to provide in-depth evaluation of the effect of occupancy on electricity consumption in Canadian schools.

关键词： Occupancy energy efficiency school buildings real-time electricity monitoring

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An Approach to Improve Quality of Life and Sustainability in the Centers of Old Cities

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2019年第7期13卷 461-468页

作者： Tarek Abou ouf Abeer Makram Department of Islamic Architecture Umm El Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia Department of Architecture Delta University for Science and Technology Gamasa 35712 Egypt

The centers of old cities have a special design with a unique urban fabric to record cultural messages with their current citizens or their visitors from the different regions of the city or from outside. It creates spaces that strongly promote social and cultural behavior. Meanwhile, life developments and the stunning technological acceleration along with high population densities have led to many problems for the old cities and their centers, which were not prepared to address these problems. Most of these problems have caused much visual deterioration and economic recession for the centers of old cities, which raise the importance of finding alternative and flexible solutions to prevent damage in urban performance, environmental pollution and lack of requirements that affect the quality of life. The paper aims to present a vision that opens up prospects for subsequent research contributions that may contribute to improving the quality of life, inspired by sustainability and humanization features. The research relies on an inductive analysis method to develop a framework that contributes to the restoration of the old centers for their role, their aesthetic value and their functional importance, while facilitating movement and supporting their valuable architectural features.

关键词： The centers of old cities social behavior quality of life humanization sustainability aesthetic value

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Assessment of Left Ventricular Torsion in Hypertensive Patients

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2019年第2期9卷 109-121页

作者： Walaa Farid Rehab Yaseen Amani ouf Cardiology Department Faculty of Medicine Menoufia University Al Minufya Egypt

Background: Hypertension has important effects on left ventricle and its early detection helps to avoid the cardiac complications. LV Twist in systole helps in storing potential energy during diastole;LV untwist releases this energy. Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) is angle-independent so it allows a more detailed evaluation of myocardial deformation. Objective: This work aimed to assess the left ventricular torsion by speckle tracking in hypertensive patients. Patients and Methods: The study was applied on 40 hypertensive patients and 20 age and sex matched control groups;all had speckle tracking echocardiography of the LV, and the basal and apical rotation were measured to assess the LV torsion. The 18 segments of LV strain were assessed and the net LV global longitudinal strain was calculated and demonstrated as bull's eye figure. Results: Hypertensive patients had higher mean values of both apical rotation and left ventricular twist than control group by a highly significant value (9.76 ± 4.98 vs 4.03 ± 2.15, P value 0.001) and (15.25 ± 4.10 vs 9.90 ± 1.47, P value 0.001) respectively. Hypertensive patients had a higher basal rotation than controls but did not reach a significant value (-6.01 ± 3.25 vs -5.52 ± 2.63, P value 0.558). On the contrary, the global LV longitudinal strain was lower in hypertensive patients than control but did not reach a significant value (-18.48 ± 3.94 VS -19.48 ± 3.57, P value 0.341). Conclusion:Hypertension affects myocardial structure and its systolic and diastolic functions;the left ventricular twist is an essential component of the systolic function that increases in hypertension as an early compensation for the systolic impairment. The detection of these changes achieved accurately by 2-D speckle tracking, can help in monitoring the treatment modalities of the patients for a better direction of treatment and thus, prevent further deterioration.

关键词： Hypertension Left Ventricular Torsion Speckle Tracking Echocardiography

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PERFORMANCE OF SUSTAINABLE BUIL DINGS IN COLDER CLIMATES

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Journal of Green Building 2016年第4期11卷 131-153页

作者： Mark Gorgolewski Craig Brown Anne-Mareike Chu Adrian Turcato Karen Bartlett Ghazal Ebrahimi Murray Hodgson Shauna Mallory-Hill Mohamed ouf Leila Scannell Ryerson University University of British Columbia University of Manitoba

Building performance evaluations(BPEs)were carried out for nine Canadian green buildings using a standardised assessment *** aim was to explore and measure the discrepancies between the operational performance of the buildings and their predicted performance,as well as to identify lessons for their owners,design teams and the construction *** objective of this paper is not to report individual buildings in detail(we refer the reader to the individual building reports)but to report on some general lessons that came from doing this *** these buildings performed well compared to ***,the findings suggest that occupancy is not well understood and often incorrectly predicted during design,and that this affects various aspects of performance,including energy and water *** energy and water use modelling is often undertaken principally for building code/green rating compliance purposes and does not necessarily represent an accurate prediction of likely operational *** with variations in occupancy this can lead to considerable discrepancies in performance from the modelled *** may be understood by experts but is often misleading to building owners and *** use is often not well predicted and also not carefully managed in buildings and there is a lack of understanding of what constitutes good water ***,it is important to recognise that each building has its own individual“story”that provides necessary context for effective management and improvement of the building during its ongoing *** is proposed that a BPE process allows that context to be better understood,and enables more effective decision making about building management,improvements,occupant satisfaction,energy use,etc.

关键词： building performance evaluation post occupancy evaluation indoor environment building energy use

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