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Prediction of net energy of feeds for broiler chickens

Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 241-250页

作者： ay.-cho tay.zar Manoosak Wongphatcharachai Pairat Srichana Pierre-André Geraert Jean Noblet Charoen Pokphand Foods Public Company Limited (CPF) Adisseo France S.A.S. INRAE

Net energy(NE) enables the prediction of more accurate feed energy values by taking into account the heat increment which is approximately 25% of apparent metabolizable energy(AME) in ***, application of NE in poultry industry has not been practiced widely. To predict the NE values of broiler diets, 23 diets were prepared by using 13 major ingredients(wheat, corn, paddy rice,broken rice, cassava pellets, full-fat soybean, soybean meal, canola meal, animal protein, rice bran, wheat bran, palm kernel meal and palm kernel oil). The diets were formulated in order to meet the birds' requirements and get a wide range of chemical compositions(on DM basis; 33.6% to 55.3% for starch;20.8% to 28.4% for CP, 2.7% to 10.6% for ether extract [EE] and 7.0% to 17.2% for NDF), with low correlations between these nutrients and low correlations between the inclusion levels of ingredients allowing for the calculation of robust prediction equations of energy values of diets or ingredients. These diets were fed to Ross 308 broilers raised in 12 open-circuit respiratory chambers from 18 to 23 d of age(4 birds per cage) and growth performance, diet AME content and heat production were measured, and dietary NE values were calculated. The trial was conducted on a weekly basis with 12 diets measured each week(1per chamber), 1 of the 23 diets(reference diet) being measured each week. Each diet was tested at least 8times. In total, 235 energy balance data values were available for the final calculations. Growth performance, AME(15.3 MJ/kg DM on average) and AME/GE(79.4% on average) values were as expected. The NE/AME value averaged 76.6% and was negatively influenced by CP and NDF and positively by EE in connection with efficiencies of AME provided by CP, EE and starch for NE of 73%, 87% and 81%,respectively. The best prediction equation was: NE =(0.815 × AME)—(0.026 × CP) +(0.020 × EE)—(0.024 × NDF) with NE and AME as MJ/kg DM, and CP, EE and NDF as % of DM. The NE prediction

关键词： Net energy Broiler Poultry Feed evaluation Energy system

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Re-evaluation of recent research on metabolic utilization of energy in poultry: Recommendations for a net energy system for broilers

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 62-72页

作者： Jean Noblet ay.-cho tay.zar Shu-Biao Wu Pairat Srichana Pierre Cozannet Pierre-Andre Geraert Mingan choct INRAE Charoen Pokphand Foods Public Company Limited (CPF) School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New England Adisseo France S.A.S.

Different energy systems have been proposed for energy evaluation of feeds for domestic animals. The oldest and most commonly used systems take into account the fecal energy loss to obtain digestible energy(DE), and fecal, urinary and fermentation gases energy losses to calculate metabolizable energy(ME). In the case of ruminants and pigs, the net energy(NE) system, which takes into account the heat increment associated with the metabolic utilization of ME, has progressively replaced the DE and ME systems over the last 50 years. For poultry, apparent ME(AME) is used exclusively and NE is not yet used widely. The present paper considers some important methodological points for measuring NE in poultry feeds and summarizes the available knowledge on NE systems for poultry. NE prediction equations based on a common analysis of three recent studies representing a total of 50 complete and balanced diets fed to broilers are proposed; these equations including the AME content and easily available chemical indicators have been validated on another set of 30 diets. The equations are applicable to both ingredients and complete diets. They rely primarily on an accurate and reliable AME value which then represents the first limiting predictor of NE value. Our analysis indicates that NE would be a better predictor of broiler performance than AME and that the hierarchy between feeds is dependent on the energy system with a higher energy value for fat and a lower energy value for protein in an NE system. Practical considerations for implementing such an NE system from the commonly used AME or AMEn(AME adjusted for zero nitrogen balance) systems are presented. In conclusion, there is sufficient information to allow the implementation of the NE concept in order to improve the accuracy of feed formulation in poultry.

关键词： Poultry Feed evaluation Net energy Energy system

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The Relationship between Love and Lovemaking in Hardy's Tess of the D'Urbervilles

The Relationship between Love and Lovemaking in Hardy's Tess...

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作者： cho The zar Chyi（林雯娜）云南师范大学

学位级别：硕士

本文阐述了女主角肉体需求与精神需求二者之间的关系。通过研究苔丝与两个男人的关系,我觉得苔丝正面对着她的肉体与思想或灵魂之间的斗争与冲突。我描写了自然主义、女权运动和弗洛伊德理论的背景理论,以支持本论文的论点和便于充分... 详细信息

本文阐述了女主角肉体需求与精神需求二者之间的关系。通过研究苔丝与两个男人的关系,我觉得苔丝正面对着她的肉体与思想或灵魂之间的斗争与冲突。我描写了自然主义、女权运动和弗洛伊德理论的背景理论,以支持本论文的论点和便于充分的理解论文的主旨,同时以便进行更深入深层的分析研究。 Hardy先生创作了一个非传统的期望着从一个男人那儿得到充满热情的爱和同时从另一个男人那儿得到充满热情的性的妇女形象。这是一个在Hardy时代的英语社会里发现的对性和社会伪善的坚定的批评,这都是归于主角不能自制的意志受到了不公正的伤害。苔丝的生活充满了爱与人类的所有期望。苔丝是坚强和思想开放的处于ALEC的性和ANGEL的爱之间的人,ALEC是第一次和苔丝做爱并给予她性满足的人,ANGEL是首次给予她爱和让她的内心世界充满幸福的人。这就是为什么她活得犹豫不决,为什么她不能够在此二人中选择她的爱人的原因。同时这也就是为什么苔丝从ALEC那儿迁居到ANGEL这儿后,又反复迁居回ALEC处和ANGEL处的真正原因。作为人类中正常的一员,苔丝需要爱与性。做爱并不需要有真正的爱,但是仅仅当爱出现在眼前时做爱才是那么的神圣。爱是人类本能的需求。爱和性,这两种人类的感情,使得 TESS of theD’urberville神秘与富有研究性。

关键词：苔丝弗洛伊德理论人类本能妇女形象背景理论女权运动精神需求作者签名授权书研究成果

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喷墨打印纳米ZnO种子制备ZnO微晶棒超疏水表面(英文)

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中国印刷与包装研究 2011年第4期3卷 71-75页

作者： MYINT Myo tay.zar KITSOMBOONLOHA Rungrot BARUAH Sunandan DUTTA Joydeep 许英 Center of Excellence in Nanotechnology School of Engineering and Technology Asian Institute of TechnologyKlong Luang Pathumthani 12120Thailand University of California

本文主要研究了由ZnO组成的超疏水表面的合成和性能。ZnO本身具有亲水性,但通过改性表面微结构可以生成疏水性表面。采用喷墨打印的方式将纳米ZnO种子打印在载玻片上,形成微凸包,再通过水热法生成ZnO微晶棒以获得超疏水表面,测得表面接... 详细信息

本文主要研究了由ZnO组成的超疏水表面的合成和性能。ZnO本身具有亲水性,但通过改性表面微结构可以生成疏水性表面。采用喷墨打印的方式将纳米ZnO种子打印在载玻片上,形成微凸包,再通过水热法生成ZnO微晶棒以获得超疏水表面,测得表面接触角为153°。同时分析了具有不同微晶棒阵列的超疏水表面接触角变化情况。

关键词：超疏水性 ZnO微晶棒喷墨打印双重结构接触角

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Real-world Effectiveness and Tolerability of Interferonfree Direct-acting Antiviral for 15,849 Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C:A Multinational Cohort Study

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2024年第7期12卷 646-658页

作者： Fanpu Ji Sally Tran Eiichi Ogawa Chung-Feng Huang Takanori Suzuki Yu Jun Wong Hidenori Toyoda Dae Won Jun Liu Li Haruki Uojima Akito Nozaki Makoto Chuma Cheng-Hao Tseng Yao-Chun Hsu Masatoshi Ishigami Takashi Honda Masanori Atsukawa Hiroaki Haga Masaru Enomoto Huy Trinh Carmen Monica Preda Phillip Vutien Charles Landis Dong Hyun Lee Tsunamasa Watanabe Hirokazu Takahashi Hiroshi Abe Akira Asai Yuichiro Eguchi Jie Li Xiaozhong Wang Jia Li Junping Liu Jing Liang Carla Pui-Mei Lam Rui Huang Qing Ye Hongying Pan Jiajie Zhang Dachuan Cai Qi Wang Daniel Q.Huang Grace Wong Vincent Wai-Sun Wong Junyi Li Son Do Norihiro Furusyo Makoto Nakamuta Hideyuki Nomura Eiji Kajiwara Eileen L.Yoon Sang Bong Ahn Koichi Azuma Kazufumi Dohmen Jihyun An Do Seon Song Hyun Chin cho Akira Kawano Toshimasa Koyanagi Aritsune Ooho Takeaki Satoh Kazuhiro Takahashi Ming-Lun Yeh Pei-Chien Tsai Satoshi Yasuda Yunyu Zhao Yishan Liu Tomomi Okubo Norio Itokawa Mi Jung Jun Toru Ishikawa Koichi Takaguchi Tomonori Senoh Mingyuan Zhang Changqing Zhao Raluca Ioana Alecu Wei Xuan Tay.Pooja Devan Joanne Kimiko Liu Ritsuzo Kozuka Elena Vargas-Accarino Ai-Thien Do May.mi Maeda Wan-Long Chuang Jee-Fu Huang Chia-Yen Dai Ramsey Cheung Maria Buti Junqi Niu Wen Xie Hong Ren Seng Gee Lim Chao Wu Man-Fung Yuen Jia Shang Qiang Zhu Yoshiyuki Ueno Yasuhito Tanaka Jun Hay.shi Ming-Lung Yu Mindie H.Nguyen Department of Infectious Diseases The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anShaanxiChina Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineStanford University Medical CenterPalo AltoCAUSA Department of General Internal Medicine Kyushu University HospitalFukuokaJapan Hepatobiliary Division Department of Internal MedicineKaohsiung Medical University HospitalKaohsiung Hepatitis Research Center College of Medicine and Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort ResearchKaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan Gastroenterology&Hepatology Changi General HospitalSinghealthSingapore Singhealth Duke-NUS Medicine Academic Clinical Program Singapore Department of Gastroenterology Ogaki Municipal HospitalOgakiJapan Department of Internal Medicine Hanyang UniversityCollege of MedicineSeoulKorea Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology Hanyang UniversitySeoulKorea Department of Hepatology The Third People's Hospital of Kunming CityKunmingYunnanChina Department of Gastroenterology Internal MedicineKitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan Gastroenterological Center Yokohama City University Medical CenterYokohamaJapan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineE-Da Cancer HospitalKaohsiung Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Nagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Nippon Medical SchoolTokyoJapan Department of Gastroenterology Yamagata University Faculty of MedicineYamagataJapan Department of Transfusion Medicine and Department of Hepatology Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan San Jose Gastroenterology San JoseCAUSA Gastroenterology&Hepatology Department Clinic Fundeni InstituteBucharestRomania Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA Department of

Background and Aims:As practice patterns and hepatitis C virus(HCV)genotypes(GT)vary geographically,a global real-world study from both East and West covering all GTs can help inform practice policy toward the 2030 HCV elimination *** study aimed to assess the effectiveness and tolerability of DAA treatment in routine clinical practice in a multinational cohort for patients infected with all HCV GTs,focusing on GT3 and ***:We analyzed the sustained virological response(SVR12)of 15,849 chronic hepatitis C patients from 39 Real-World Evidence from the Asia Liver Consortium for HCV clinical sites in Asia Pacific,North America,and Europe between 07/01/2014–07/01/***:The mean age was 62±13 years,with 49.6%*** demographic breakdown was 91.1%Asian(52.9%Japanese,25.7%Chinese/Taiwan residents,5.4%Korean,3.3%Malay.ian,and 2.9%Vietnamese),6.4%White,1.3%Hispanic/Latino,and 1%Black/***,34.8%had cirrhosis,8.6%had hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),and 24.9%were treatment-experienced(20.7%with interferon,4.3%with direct-acting antivirals).The largest group was GT1(10,246[64.6%]),followed by GT2(3,686[23.2%]),GT3(1,151[7.2%]),GT6(457[2.8%]),GT4(47[0.3%]),GT5(1[0.006%]),and untyped GTs(261[1.6%]).The overall SVR12 was 96.9%,with rates over 95%for GT1/2/3/6 but 91.5%for ***12 for GT3 was 95.1%overall,98.2%for GT3a,and 94.0%for ***12 was 98.3%overall for GT6,lower for patients with cirrhosis and treatment-experienced(TE)(93.8%)but≥97.5%for tretment-naive patients regardless of cirrhosis *** multivariable analysis,advanced age,prior treatment failure,cirrhosis,active HCC,and GT3/4 were independent predictors of lower SVR12,while being Asian was a significant predictor of achieving ***:In this diverse multinational realworld cohort of patients with various GTs,the overall cure rate was 96.9%,despite large numbers of patients with cirrhosis,HCC,TE,and GT3/***12 for GT3/6 with cirrhosis and TE was lower but st

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Liver cirrhosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Genotype DAA REAL-C

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A Class Effect Network Meta-analysis of Lipid Modulation in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis for Dyslipidemia

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第6期10卷 1042-1049页

作者： Jieling Xiao Cheng-Han Ng Yip-Han Chin Darren Jun Hao Tan Wen-Hui Lim Grace Lim Jingxuan Quek Ansel Shao Pin Tang Kai-En Chan Rou-Yi Soong Nicholas Chew Benjamin Tay.Daniel Q.Huang Nobuharu Tamaki Roger Foo Mark Y.Chan Mazen Noureddin Mohammad Shadab Siddiqui Arun J.Sanyaland Mark D.Muthiah Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nan-yang Technological UniversitySingapore Department of Cardiology National University Heart CenterNational University HospitalSingapore Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineNational University HospitalSingaporeSingapore National University Center for Organ Transplantation National University Health SystemSingapore NAFLD Research Center Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Musashino Red Cross HospitalTokyoJapan Cedars-Sinai Fatty Liver Program Division of Digestive and Liver DiseasesDepartment of MedicineComprehen-sive Transplant CenterCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Internal MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA

Background and Aims:Pharmaceutical therapy for NASH is associated with lipid modulation,but the consensus on drug treatment is limited and lacks comparative analysis of effectiveness.A network meta-analysis was conducted to compare NASH drug classes in lipid ***:Online databases were searched for randomized controlled trails(RCTs)evaluating NASH treatments in biopsy-proven NASH *** were classified into four groups:(1)inflammation,(2)energy,(3)bile acids,and(4)fibro-sis based on the mechanism of action.A Bay.sian network analysis was conducted with outcome measured by mean difference(MD)with credible intervals(Crl)and surface un-der the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA).Results:Forty-four RCTs were included in the *** acid modulat-ing treatments(MD:0.05,Crl:0.03-0.07)were the best treatment for improvement in high-density lipid(HDL)cho-lesterol,followed by treatments modulating energy(MD:0.03,Crl:0.02-0.04)and fibrosis(MD:0.01,Crl:−0.12 to 0.14)compared with *** top three treatments for reduction in triglycerides were treatments modulating energy(MD:−0.46,Crl:−0.49 to−0.43),bile acids(MD:−0.22,Crl:−0.35 to−0.09),and inflammation(MD:−0.08,Crl:−0.13 to−0.03)compared with *** found treatment modulating fibrosis(MD:−1.27,Crl:−1.76 to−0.79)was the best treatment for reduction in low-density lipid(LDL)cholesterol followed by treatment modulating in-flammation(MD:−1.03,Crl:−1.09 to−0.97)and energy(MD:−0.37,Crl:−0.39 to−0.34)compared with placebo,but LDL cholesterol was worsened by treatments modulat-ing bile ***:Network analysis comparing the class effects of dyslipidemia modulation in NASH found that treatment targets can include optimization of athero-genic *** studies are required to evaluate the cardiovascular outcomes.

关键词： Lipid modulation NASH Dyslipidemia

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