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Renin-angiotensin system blockers-SGLT2 inhibitorsmineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in diabetic kidney disease:A tale of the past two decades!

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World Journal of Diabetes 2022年第7期13卷 471-481页

作者： awadhesh kumar Singh Ritu Singh Department of Diabetes&Endocrinology G.D Hospital&Diabetes InstituteKolkata 700013West BengalIndia

Several pharmacological agents to prevent the progression of diabetic kidney disease(DKD)have been tested in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in the past two *** the exception of renin-angiotensin system blockers that have shown a significant reduction in the progression of DKD in 2001,no other pharmacological agent tested in the past two decades have shown any clinically meaningful ***,the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor(SGLT-2i),canagliflozin,has shown a significant reduction in the composite of hard renal and cardiovascular(CV)endpoints including progression of end-stage kidney disease in patients with DKD with T2DM at the top of reninangiotensin system blocker *** SGLT-2i,dapagliflozin,has also shown a significant reduction in the composite of renal and CV endpoints including death in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD),regardless of T2DM *** positive findings on renal outcomes were recently reported as a top-line result of the empagliflozin trial in patients with CKD regardless of ***,the full results of this trial have not yet been *** the use of older steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists(MRAs)such as spironolactone in DKD is associated with a significant reduction in albuminuria outcomes,a novel non-steroidal MRA finerenone has additionally shown a significant reduction in the composite of hard renal and CV endpoints in patients with DKD and T2DM,with reasonably acceptable side effects.

关键词： Renin-angiotensin system blockers SGLT-2 inhibitors Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist Diabetic kidney disease Chronic kidney disease Renal outcomes Cardiovascular outcomes

Relook at DPP-4 inhibitors in the era of SGLT-2 inhibitors

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World Journal of Diabetes 2022年第6期13卷 466-470页

作者： awadhesh kumar Singh Ritu Singh Department of Diabetes&Endocrinology G.D Hospital&Diabetes InstituteKolkata 700013West BengalIndia

SGLT-2 inhibitors(SGLT-2Is)have significantly improved cardio-renal outcomes and are preferred agents in people with cardiovascular diseases,heart failure,and diabetic kidney ***,GLP-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RAs)have significantly improved atherosclerotic cardiovascular *** this end,DPP-4 inhibitors(DPP-4Is)are cardiac-neutral *** long-acting GLP-1RAs have shown a favorable HbA1c lowering compared to DPP-4Is,there is no clinically meaningful HbA1c lowering difference between SGLT-2Is vs ***,the glucose-lowering potential of SGLT-2Is gets compromised with a progressive decline in renal functions,unlike ***,the HbA1c lowering potential of DPP-4Is is favorable in people with T2DM having a modest baseline HbA1c(8.0%-8.5%)compared with SGLT-2Is which lowers HbA1c larger in a background of higher baseline HbA1c(>8.5%-9.0%).These findings suggest that the role of DPP-4Is in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus cannot be completely ignored even in the era of SGLT-2Is.

关键词： DPP-4 inhibitors SGLT-2 inhibitors GLP-1 receptor agonists Cardiovascular outcomes Renal outcomes

Metabolic and cardiovascular benefits with combination therapy of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in type 2 diabetes

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World Journal of Cardiology 2022年第6期14卷 329-342页

作者： awadhesh kumar Singh Ritu Singh Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology G.D Hospital and Diabetes InstituteKolkata 700013India Department of Reproductive Endocrinology G.D Hospital and Diabetes InstituteKolkata 700013India

Both GLP-1 receptor agonists(GLP-1RA)and SGLT-2 inhibitors(SGLT-2I)are newer classes of anti-diabetic agents that lower HbA1c moderately and decrease body weight and systolic blood pressure(SBP)*** therapy with GLP-1RA plus SGLT-2I have shown a greater reduction in HbA1c,body weight,and SBP compared to either agent alone without any significant increase in hypoglycemia or other side *** several agents from each class of these drugs have shown an improvement in cardiovascular(CV)and renal outcomes in their respective cardiovascular outcome trials(CVOT),combination therapy is theoretically expected to have additional CV and renal *** this comprehensive opinion review,we found HbA1c lowering with GLP-1RA plus SGLT-2I to be less than additive compared to the sum of HbA1c lowering with either agent alone,although body weight lowering was nearly additive and the SBP lowering was more than *** additional meta-analysis of CV outcomes with GLP1RA plus SGLT-2I combination therapy from the pooled data of five CVOT found a similar reduction in three-point major adverse cardiovascular events compared to GLP-1RA or SGLT-2I alone,against ***,a greater benefit in reduction of heart failure hospitalization with GLP-1RA plus SGLT-2I combination therapy was noted in the pooled meta-analysis of two randomized controlled *** adequately powered trials can confirm whether additional CV or renal benefit is truly exerted by GLP-1RA plus SGLT-2I combination therapy.

关键词： GLP-1 receptor agonists SGLT-2 inhibitors Combination therapy,Metabolic outcomes Cardiovascular outcomes Renal outcomes

Genetic Dissection of Grain Size Traits Through Genome-Wide Association Study Based on Genic Markers in Rice

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Rice science 2022年第5期29卷 462-472,I0032-I0034页

作者： Amrit kumar NAYAK Anilkumar C Sasmita BEHERA Rameswar Prasad SAH Gera Roopa LAVANYA awadhesh kumar Lambodar BEHERA Muhammed Azharudheen TP Division of Crop Improvement Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research InstituteCuttack 753006India Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry ICAR-National Rice Research InstituteCuttack 753006India Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Sam Higginbottom University of AgricultureTechnology and SciencesPrayagraj 211007India

Grain size plays a significant role in rice,starting from affecting yield to consumer preference,which is the driving force for deep investigation and improvement of grain size *** inheritance makes these traits complex to breed on account of several alleles contributing to the complete trait *** employed genome-wide association study in an association panel of 88 rice genotypes using 142 new candidate gene based SSR(cgSSR)markers,derived from yield-related candidate genes,with the efficient mixed-model association coupled mixed linear model for dissecting complete genetic control of grain size traits.A total of 10 significant associations were identified for four grain size-related characters(grain weight,grain length,grain width,and length-width ratio).Among the identified associations,seven marker trait associations explain more than 10%of the phenotypic variation,indicating major putative QTLs for respective *** allelic variations at genes OsBC1L4,SHO1 and OsD2 showed association between 1000-grain weight and grain width,1000-grain weight and grain length,and grain width and length-width ratio,*** cgSSR markers,associated with corresponding traits,can be utilized for direct allelic selection,while other significantly associated cgSSRs may be utilized for allelic accumulation in the breeding programs or grain size *** new cgSSR markers associated with grain size related characters have a significant impact on practical plant breeding to increase the number of causative alleles for these traits through marker aided rice breeding programs.

关键词： best linear unbiased predictor estimate candidate gene based SSR efficient mixed-model association approach genome-wide association study VanRaden kinship

Therapeutic Effects of Essential Oil from Waste Leaves of <i>Psidium guajava</i>L. against Cosmetic Embarrassment Using Phylogenetic Approach

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第6期3卷 745-752页

作者： Ahsan Kamran Rohit Mishra Rita Gupta awadhesh kumar Ashok Bajaj Anupam Dikshit Biological Product Laboratory Department of Botany University of Allahabad Allahabad India Department of Dermatology and Veneral Diseases M.L.N.Medical College Allahabad India. Department of Horticulture Aromatic & Medicinal Plants Mizoram University Aizawl India

Medicinal plants are facing threats due to loss of habitat and overexploitation of knows species. Therefore the present work shows utilization of essential oil from discarded leaves of Psidium guajava Linn. against human dermatophytic fungi Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Trichophyton violaceum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Epidermophyton floccosum, Microsporum gypseum and Microsporum canis. The oil was found to be fungicidal at 3.0 μl/ml and it tolerated heavy inoculum of pathogens at fungicidal concentrations. The fungicidal activity of the oil was thermostable, up to 70°C and shelf life was found to be six months, which was maximum the time taken into consideration. The oil having cineole, caryophyllane, copaene, azulene and eucalyptol as main constituents, exhibited broad fungicidal activity. The oil did not show any adverse effect on mammalian skin upto 5% concentration. Phylogeny of the dermatophytes with respect to toxicity of the oil has also been discussed using molecular data. The cost effective formulation from waste leaves can be exploited after undergoing double blind successful multicentral topical testing.

关键词： Essential Oil Dermatophytes Phylogeny Discarded Leaves Psidium guajava L. Trichophyton rubrum T. mentagrophyte

Recent advances on the association of apoptosis in chronic non healing diabetic wound

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World Journal of Diabetes 2014年第6期5卷 756-762页

作者： awadhesh K Arya Richik Tripathi Santosh kumar Kamlakar Tripathi Faculty of Health Sciences Department of MicrobiologyImmunology and GeneticsBen Gurion University of The Negev Department of Maxillofacial Surgery Institute of Medical SciencesBanaras Hindu University Department of Medicine Institute of Medical SciencesBanaras Hindu University

Generally, wounds are of two categories, such as chronic and acute. Chronic wounds takes time to heal when compared to the acute wounds. Chronic wounds include vasculitis, non healing ulcer, pyoderma gangrenosum, and diseases that cause ischemia. Chronic wounds are rapidly increasing among the elderly population with dysfunctional valves in their lower extremity deep veins, ulcer, neuropathic foot and pressure ulcers. The process of the healing of wounds has several steps with the involvement of immune cells and several other cell types. There are many evidences supporting the hypothesis that apoptosis of immune cells is involved in the wound healing process by ending inflammatory condition. It is also involved in the resolution of various phases of tissue repair. During final steps of wound healing most of the endothelial cells, macrophagesand myofibroblasts undergo apoptosis or exit from the wound, leaving a mass that contains few cells and consists mostly of collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins to provide strength to the healing tissue. This review discusses the various phases of wound healing both in the chronic and acute wounds especially during diabetes mellitus and thus support the hypothesis that the oxidative stress, apoptosis, connexins and other molecules involved in the regulation of chronic wound healing in diabetes mellitus and gives proper understanding of the mechanisms controlling apoptosis and tissue repair during diabetes and may eventually develop therapeutic modalities to fasten the healing process in diabetic patients.

关键词： Apoptosis Diabetes mellitus Diabetic foot Chronic wound Oxidative stress

Effect of Coronal Mass Ejection on Earth’s Magnetic Field during Ascending Phase of Solar Cycles 23-24

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2017年第3期7卷 213-220页

作者： Bharti Nigam Prithvi Raj Singh Pramod kumar Chamadia Ajay kumar Saxena Chandra Mani Tiwari Govt. Autonamous P. G. Science College Satna India Department of Physics Awadhesh Pratap Singh University Rewa India

We have studied the width and speed of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and geomagnetic disturbance storm time (Dst) Index during ascending phase of solar cycles 23 and 24. We have classified total CMEs according to angular width and speed for the ascending period 1996-2002 and 2008-2014. We have found that the width of 62% CMEs is narrow, and 3% are Halo for the solar cycle 23 and 73% CMEs are narrow, and 2% CMEs are Halo for the solar cycle 24. The speed distribution of 65% CMEs has speed ≤ 500 km/sec and 4% CMEs has speed > 1000 km/sec for solar cycle 23 and 84% CMEs has speed ≤ 500 km/sec and 1% CMEs has speed > 1000 km/sec in cycle 24. The relationship between width and speed is more pronounced for fast ejecta (>1000 km/sec.), while slower ejecta shows more astronomically immense scatter. We have reported that the correlation between Dst and CMEs for ascending phase of solar cycle 24 is less than as compare to ascending phase of solar cycle 23.

关键词： CME Dst SSN

Variations in Solar Cycles 22, 23 &24 and Their Effect on Earth’s Climate

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International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2016年第1期6卷 8-13页

作者： Prithvi Raj Singh Chandra Mani Tiwari Ajay kumar Saxena Department of Physics Awadhesh Pratap Singh University Rewa India

In the present work, the study of influence of solar activity, cosmic ray intensity and geomagnetic activity on Earth’s climate during solar cycles 22, 23 and 24 has been done. The change in Earth’s climate, specifically the change in the global mean temperature has been associated with the variation of some solar activity indices, cosmic ray intensity and geomagnetic activity indices in the period of 1986-2014 (Till Dec.). The important solar indices that are total solar irradiance (TSI), Sunspot Number (SSN), F10.7 index, Cosmic Ray Intensity (CRI) Kiel (NM), geomagnetic activity indices Auroral Electrojet Index (AE) and aa index, have been presented. The study of the Earth’s climate in relationship with solar activity, cosmic ray intensity and geomagnetic activity has been analysed with variations and correlations. The variations of SSN with CRI are in anti-phase;SSN with F10.7, SSN with TSI, SSN with AE, SSN with aa are in same phase. The correlation of SSN with CRI is strongly negatively correlated;SSN with F10.7, SSN with TSI is strongly positively and SSN with AE, SSN with aa positively correlated to averaging solar cycles 22, 23 and 24. The Earth’s climate will be affected by the solar activity, cosmic ray intensity and geomagnetic activity.

关键词： Solar Activity Geomagnetic Activity Cosmic Ray Intensity

Impact of obesity and diabetes on arthritis: An update

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Health 2013年第1期5卷 143-156页

作者： Rajesh Pandey Narendra kumar Seema Paroha Ram Prasad Mukesh Yadav Shalini Jain Hariom Yadav Amity Institute of Microbial Technology Amity University Noida India College of Advance Studies Datia India Department of Biochemistry Awadhesh Pratap Singh University Rewa India Department of Biochemistry Jawaharlal Nehru Agriculture University Jabalpur India Department of Biotechnology IMS Engineering College Ghaziabad India NIDDK National Institutes of Health Bethesda USA

The incidence of obesity and diabetes has been increased with alarming rate in recent years and became a common problem around the globe including developing as well as in developed countries with incalculable social costs. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are two common co-morbidities occur together. Obesity and diabetes is closely associated with many diseases, osteoarthritis, hypertension, certain form of cancer, sleep-breathing disorders and coronary heart disease. Impacts of obesity and diabetes (insulin resistance) on arthritis have been seen in patients that we associated with combination of various factors like increased availability of high-energy foods, genetic susceptibility and decreased physical activity in modern society. Arthritis is becoming pandemic around the globe and its occurrence with obesity and diabetes has been observed more common than ever. Combination of these two chronic conditions makes these diseases more vulnerable for human health. Till now very limited information is established about the pathological and mechanistic correlation among these health ailments. In this review article we aimed to survey the literature covering the influence of obesity and diabetes on arthritis pathology and tried to establish correlation with these diseases.

关键词： Obesity Diabetes Arthritis Complications