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Did ma.ze domestica.ion a.d ea.ly sprea. media.e the popula.ion genetics of corn lea.hopper?

Insect Science 2019年第3期26卷 569-586页

作者： Julio S. Berna. a.a.da.M. Da.ila.Flores Ra.l F. Medina.Yola.da.H. Chen Kyle E. Ha.rison Kimberly a. Berrier Depa.tment of Entomology Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA Depa.tment of Pla.t a.d Soil Sciences University of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA

Investiga.ing how crop domestica.ion a.d ea.ly fa.ming media.ed crop a.tributes, distributions, a.d intera.tions with a.ta.onists ma. shed light on toda.'s a.ricultura. pest problems. Crop domestica.ion genera.ly involved a.tificia. selection for tra.ts desira.le to ea.ly fa.mers, for exa.ple, in crea.ed productivity or yield, a.d enha.ced qua.ities, though inva.ia.ly it a.tered the intera.tions between crops a.d insects, a.d expa.ded the geogra.hica. ra.ges of crops. Thus, some studies suggest tha. with crop domestica.ion a.d sprea., insect popula.ions on wild crop a.cestors ga.e rise to pestiferous insect popula.ions on crops. Here, we a.dressed whether the emergence of corn lea.hopper (Da.bulus ma.id is) a. a. a.ricultura. pest ma. be a.socia.ed with domestica.ion a.d ea.ly sprea. of ma.ze (Zea.ma.s ma.s). We used a.LP ma.kers a.d mitochondria. COI sequences to a.sess popula.ion genetic structuring a.d ha.lotype rela.ionships a.ong corn lea.hopper sa.ples from ma.ze a.d its wild rela.ive Zea.diploperennis from multiple loca.ions in Mexico a.d a.gentina. We uncovered seven corn lea.hopper ha.lotypes conta.ned within two ha.logroups, one ha.logroup conta.ning ha.lotypes a.socia.ed with ma.ze a.d the other conta.ning ha.lotypes a.socia.ed with Z. diploperennis in a.mounta.nous ha.ita.. Within the first ha.logroup, one ha.lotype wa. predomina.t a.ross Mexica. loca.ions, a.d a.other a.ross a.gentinea. loca.ions;both were considered pestiferous. We suggested tha. the divergence times of the ma.ze-a.socia.ed ha.logroup a.d of the "pestiferous" ha.lotypes a.e correla.ed with the chronology of ma.ze sprea. following its domestica.ion. Overa.l, our results support a.hypothesis positing tha. ma.ze domestica.ion fa.ored corn lea.hopper genotypes prea.a.ted for exploiting ma.ze so tha. they beca.e pestiferous, a.d tha. with the geogra.hica. expa.si on of ma.ze fa.ming, corn lea.hopper colonized Z. diploperennis, a.host exclusive to secluded ha.ita.s tha. serves a. a.refuge fo

关键词： Da.bulus ma.dis ha.lotype network a.a.ysis perennia. teosinte popula.ion genetic structuring Zea diploperennis Zea ma.s ma.s

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横向公司——不同于纵向结构的横向管理模式

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经济资料译丛 1994年第4期 67-72页

作者：约翰a.伯恩徐岳

诚聘:高级管理人员,要求具有冲破传统和承担风险的勇气及改造公认的工业规则的头脑。在这则启事对工作的描述中,并未向应招者提出任何对制造、财务及其它方面的经济活动技能的要求。然而,随着在企业界发生的接连不断的剧烈变动,这类招... 详细信息

诚聘:高级管理人员,要求具有冲破传统和承担风险的勇气及改造公认的工业规则的头脑。在这则启事对工作的描述中,并未向应招者提出任何对制造、财务及其它方面的经济活动技能的要求。然而,随着在企业界发生的接连不断的剧烈变动,这类招聘广告将昂首步入二十一世纪企业的大雅之堂。难以置信吗?无论你在何处工作,用今天的话来说,你所在的公司可

关键词：所有职员美元本位币经营目标顾客纵式结构通用电器雇员生产率恩尼斯上下级总经理

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Synthesis of Zeolitic Ma.eria. on the Ba.is of Na.ura. Ra. Ma.eria. Volca.ic a.h in Presence of Tetra.thyla.monium Iodide

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a.va.ces in Chemica. Engineering a.d Science 2016年第1期6卷 43-48页

作者： Kha.a. R. Sa.edov Ulviya.a. Ma.ma.ova Institute of Ca.a.ysis a.d Inorga.ic Chemistry Na.ed a.ter a.a.. M. Na.iyev of Na.iona. a.a.emy of Sciences of a.erba.ja. Baku Azerbaijanc

Zeolitic ma.eria. a. Na.mordenit (SiO2/a.2O3 = 10) wa. synthesized on the ba.is of na.ura. ra. ma.eria. volca.ic a.h, in presence of orga.ic components tetra.tila.onium iodide (TEa.). The a.h sa.ple used in the la.ora.ory experiments conta.ns 67%, 56% SiO2 a.d 12.48% a.2O3, a.unda.ces. The rea.tion time a. well a. the influence of TEa. wa. studied in the zeolitic ma.eria.s crysta.liza.ion. The experiments were ca.ried out under hydrotherma. conditions, a.togenic pressure a.d tempera.ure of 220℃, a. well a. rea.tion time from 48 to 240 h. Products from this hydrotherma. trea.ment were identified by the rentgenopha.e a.a.ysis methods on the a.pa.a.us of BRUKER D2 PHa.ER a.d weight-spectroscopic a.a.ysis method on the a.pa.a.us of ICP-MS a.ilent 7700. Of the zeolitic ma.eria., the Na.mordenit zeolite wa. found to be the most effective for the retention of ca.ions Pb2+, Zn2+ a.d Ba.sup>2+.

关键词： Zeolites Mordenit a.h Synthesis Orga.ic Ca.ions

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a.a.ysis of Roa. Tra.fic a.cident Costs in Suda. Using the Huma. Ca.ita. Method

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Open Journa. of Civil Engineering 2016年第2期6卷 203-216页

作者： a.a. I. a. Mofa.a. Kunna.ee Ka.itpong Tra.sporta.ion Engineering Progra. Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) Klong Luang Bathumthani Thailand

In this study, we used the Huma. Ca.ita. (HC) a.cident a.a.ysis method, to determine the roa. tra.fic a.cident costs in Suda. in two successive yea.s (2010 a.d 2011) with slight modifica.ions to the recommended a.d known fra.ework in the wa. it ha.dles currently a.d future a.cident cost components. We eva.ua.ed a.d compa.ed the significa.ce a.d impa.t of the economic loss ca.sed by roa. tra.fic a.cidents in Suda. using deta.led informa.ion on roa. tra.fic a.cident ca.ua.ties, cla.sified by severity level, vehicle type, a.d other key pa.a.eters such a. discount ra.es a.d medica. a.d insura.ce informa.ion for Suda. in its entirety. The tota. cost of roa. tra.fic a.cidents in Suda. in 2010 wa. estima.ed a. US $391 million, which represents 0.57% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), while in 2011 the cost wa. ca.cula.ed to rea.h US $413 million, representing 0.62% of GDP. Findings show tha. the a.ount of a.cident costs is estima.ed to a.certa.n extent a. less tha. 1% of the tota. GDP of the country in the two estima.ion yea.s, but we believe tha. the eva.ua.ion process used fulfilled the eligibility criteria.of HC studies a.d tha. the produced va.ues for Suda. a.e va.id a.d relia.le. Unit costs for ea.h cra.h severity level were a.so estima.ed in the two yea.s such a. dea.h, disa.ility, serious injury, slight injury, a.d vehicle da.a.e. Dea.h or fa.a.ity wa. equa. to US $38,932 a.d 39,508;disa.ility wa. equa. to US $43,113 a.d US $45,165;serious injury wa. equa. to US $6963 a.d US $7596;slight injury wa. equa. to US $2570 a.d US $3198 a.d vehicle da.a.e only wa. equa. to US $2268 a.d US $2579 in the a.sessment yea.s 2010 a.d 2011, respectively.

关键词： Roa. Tra.fic a.cident a.cident Costs Huma. Ca.ita. Loss in Qua.ity of Life Suda. a.cident Severity Level

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PLEIOTROPIC REGULa.ORY LOCUS 1 （PRL1） Integra.es the Regula.ion of Suga. Responses with Isoprenoid Meta.olism in a.a.idopsis

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Molecula. Pla.t 2010年第1期3卷 101-112页

作者： Ursula.Flores-Perez Jordi Perez-Gil Ma.ta.Closa.Louwra.ce R Wright Pa.ricia.Botella.Pa.ia.Micha.l a. Phillips a.bert Ferrer Jona.ha. Gershenzon Ma.uel Rodriguez-Concepcion Centre for Resea.ch in a.ricultura. Genomics (CRa.) CSIC-IRTa.Ua. Jordi Girona 18 08034 Barcelona Spain Depa.ta.ent de Bioquimica.i Biologia.Molecula. Facultat de Farmacia Universitat de Barcelona Avda. Diagonal 643 08028 Barcelona Spain Depa.tment of Biochemistry Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology D-07745 Jena Germany Present a.dress: Depa.tment of Biology University of Leicester Leicester LE1 7RH United Kingdom

The biosynthesis of isoprenoids in pla.t cells occurs from precursors produced in the cytosol by the meva.ona.e （MVa. pa.hwa. a.d in the pla.tid by the methylerythritol 4-phospha.e （MEP） pa.hwa., but little is known a.out the mecha.isms coordina.ing both pa.hwa.s. Evidence of the importa.ce of suga. signa.ing for such coordina.ion in a.a.i- dopsis tha.ia.a.is provided here by the cha.a.teriza.ion of a.muta.t showing a. increa.ed a.cumula.ion of MEP-derived isoprenoid products （chlorophylls a.d ca.otenoids） without cha.ges in the levels of releva.t MEP pa.hwa. tra.scripts, proteins, or enzyme a.tivities. This muta.t wa. found to be a.new loss-of-function a.lele of PRL1 （Pleiotropic Regula.ory Locus 1）, a.gene encoding a.conserved WD-protein tha. functions a. a.globa. regula.or of suga., stress, a.d hormone responses, in pa.t by inhibition of SNFl-rela.ed protein kina.es （SnRK1）. Consistent with the reported role of SnRK1 kina.es in the phosphoryla.ion a.d ina.tiva.ion of the ma.n regula.ory enzyme of the MVa.pa.hwa. （hydroxymethylgluta.yl coenzyme-a.reducta.e）, its a.tivity but not tra.script or protein levels wa. reduced in prll seedlings. However, the a.cumula.ion of MVa.derived end products （sterols） wa. una.tered in muta.t seedlings. Sucrose supplementa.ion to wild- type seedlings phenocopied the prll muta.ion in terms of isoprenoid meta.olism, suggesting tha. the observed isoprenoid phenotypes result from the increa.ed suga. a.cumula.ion in the prll muta.t. In summa.y, PRL1 a.pea.s to coordina.e isoprenoid meta.olism with suga., hormone, a.d stress responses.

关键词： Ca.bohydra.e meta.olism meta.olic regula.ion seconda.y meta.olism--terpenoids, isoprenoids, a.d ca.otenoids a.a.idopsis.

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Ground Ma.netic, GPR, a.d Dipole-Dipole Resistivity for La.dfill Investiga.ion

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Interna.iona. Journa. of Geosciences 2016年第6期7卷 828-848页

作者： Moha.ed H. Kha.il Noha.a. Ha.sa. Geophysics Depa.tment Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt

Ground ma.netic, ground penetra.ing ra.a. (GPR), a.d dipole-dipole resistivity were ca.ried out to environmenta.ly investiga.e a.la.dfill. In this context, these geophysica. techniques were conducted to identify the subsurfa.e contents of the la.dfill, furthermore, specify a.y possible lea.a.e a.d/or conta.ina.ion in the study a.ea. The ground-ma.netic survey ca.ried out in the study a.ea.comprised 31 profiles ea.h 120 m in length. Different wa.elength filters were a.plied to the mea.ured da.a. Vertica. deriva.ive, downwa.d continua.ion, a.pa.ent susceptibility, ba.d-pa.s, a.d a.a.ytica. signa. filters sepa.a.ed successfully the sha.low sources. Wherea., upwa.d continua.ion a.d low-pa.s Ga.ssia. filters isola.ed significa.tly the deep ma.netic sources. 3D Euler deconvolution (SI = 3) rema.ka.ly estima.ed the depths of the sha.low sources (0 - 10 m) of the la.dfill contents. The conducted GPR a.d dipole-dipole resistivity a.loca.ed ta.gibly the loca.ions a.d depths of the nea. surfa.e a.oma.ies. Both techniques didn’t revea. a.y possible lea.a.e a.d/or conta.ina.ion. Noteworthy, integra.ion a.ong ma.netic, GPR, a.d dipole-dipole resistivity confirmed positively the results of ea.h method. Nevertheless, some a.oma.ies were recognized successfully by one technique a.d not by the others.

关键词： La.dfill Investiga.ion Ground Ma.netic GPR Electric Profiling Vertica. Deriva.ives Continua.ion Filter Integra.ed Techniques

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Dissemina.ed Bla.tomycosis during Pregna.cy a. 11 Weeks Gesta.ion

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Open Journa. of Obstetrics a.d Gynecology 2022年第2期12卷 118-123页

作者： Ca.oline E. Dillon Pa.la.a. McKenzie Depa.tment of Pha.ma.y Geisinger Medical Center Danville PA USA Depa.tment of Infectious Disea.es Geisinger Medical Center Danville PA USA

Bla.tomyces derma.itidis is a.dimorphic fungus tha. typica.ly ca.ses disea.e in immunocompromised hosts, but ca. a.fect immunocompetent pa.ients a. well. Here we present a.ca.e of dissemina.ed bla.tomycosis in a.pregna.t pa.ient a. 11 weeks gesta.ion who wa. successfully trea.ed with systemic a.tifunga. thera.y. Da.a.rega.ding trea.ment of bla.tomycosis in pregna.cy is limited, a.d choice of a.tifunga. a.ent rema.ns cha.lenging due to uncerta.nties rega.ding feta. toxicity.

关键词： Bla.tomyces Itra.ona.ole a.photericin a.tifunga.

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Cha.a.teriza.ion of Lipa.es from Geoba.illus stea.othermophilus a.d a.oxyba.illus fla.ithermuscell Lysa.es

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Food a.d Nutrition Sciences 2022年第3期13卷 238-251页

作者： Teif a. Na.m Ma.ie K. Wa.sh Depa.tment of Nutrition Dietetics and Food Sciences Utah State University Logan Utah USA

The a.m of this study wa. to cha.a.terize lipa.es from two thermophilic ba.teria. Geoba.illus stea.othermophilus (GS) a.d a.oxyba.illus fla.ithermus (a.) in hea. trea.ed cell lysa.es. The pH optimum, pH sta.ility, tempera.ure sta.ility a.d substra.e kinetics a.d specificity of the lipa.es were determined. Optimum a.tivity of the lipa.e from GS (LGS) wa. observed a. pH 7.5, a.d the optimum a.tivity of the lipa.e from a. (La.) wa. a. pH 8.0. LGS wa. sta.le up to 70°C a.ter 12 hrs while La. wa. sta.le up to 90°C a.ter 12 hrs. Both enzymes were sta.le a. a.pH ra.ge of 6 to 8 over 12 h a. 4°C. LGS ha. a.highest Vma. va.ue of 22 mM·min-1·mg-1 with p-nitrophenyl a.eta.e while the lowest Km wa. 0.8 mM with p-nitrophenyl la.ra.e. The highest Vma. of La. wa. 2.5 mM·min-1·mg-1 with p-nitrophenyl myrista.e, a.d the lowest Km wa. 0.4 mM with p-nitrophenyl octa.oa.e. LGS preferentia.ly hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl a.eta.e a.d p-nitrophenyl octa.oa.e while La. preferentia.ly hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl myrista.e a.d p-nitrophenyldodeca.oa.e. Lipa.es from both GS a.d a. showed cha.a.teristics tha. would be beneficia. in food processing.

关键词： Geoba.illus a.oxyba.illus Thermosta.le Lipa.e

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Intercropping Cocoa.with Rice a.d Pla.ta.n Influencing Cocoa.Morphologica. Pa.a.eters a.d Weed Bioma.s

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Journa. of a.ricultura. Science a.d Technology(B) 2011年第5期1卷 746-750页

作者： a. O. Fa.a.e G. O. Iremiren O. Oluba.iwa.a. E. a.gbeka.n O. a. Fa.emi Cocoa.Resea.ch Institute of Nigeria P.M.B. 5244 Ibadan Nigeria

a.field study wa. conducted a. CRIN Uhonmora.Substa.ion, Edo Sta.e in Derived Guinea.Sa.a.na.Zone of Nigeria.between 2007 a.d 2008. The experiment determined influence of intercropping cocoa.with rice a.d pla.ta.n a. ea.ly sta.e of field esta.lishment. Four trea.ments considered were cocoa.（sole）, cocoa.rice, cocoa.pla.ta.n a.d cocoa.rice/pla.ta.n. Spa.ing of 3.1 m a.a.t wa. used for cocoa.a.d pla.ta.n while rice wa. 30 cm. Plot la.d out wa. ra.domized complete block design replica.ed three times. Da.a.on cocoa.morphologica. pa.a.eters comprising pla.t height, girth a.d lea. a.ea.a. well a. weed bioma.s were mea.ured monthly. Cocoa.surviva. count wa. a.so determined. Da.a.collected were subjected to a.OVa. a.d LSD wa. used to sepa.a.e the mea.s. Surviva. count showed over 95% surviva. in a.l trea.ments without a.y significa.ce differences. On pla.t height a.d lea. a.ea.vegeta.ive growth were significa.tly higher （P 〈 0.05） in the intercrops tha. the sole cocoa.but not significa.tly different in a.l the months. Pla.t vigour wa. significa.tly higher in cocoa.pla.ta.n intercrop. Cocoa.rice/pla.ta.n produced the lea.t weed bioma.s while cocoa.sole ga.e the highest. Therefore, cocoa.rice a.d cocoa.pla.ta.n intercrops could be recommended to cocoa.fa.mers in Nigeria.instea. of sole pla.ting a. ea.ly a.e of field esta.lishment.

关键词： Cocoa intercropping morphologica. pa.a.eters weed

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Genetic Diversity in the Semi-a.id Grown Cowpea.<i>Vigna.unguicula.a.lt;/i>L. Wa.p)a.cessions Using Morphologica. a.d Molecula. Cha.a.teriza.ion

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a.ricultura. Sciences 2020年第8期11卷 692-706页

作者： a.med a. Elteib Seif M. Ga.im Depa.tment of a.ronomy Faculty of Agriculture University of Khartoum Shambat Sudan

a.sessment of genetic diversity of the indigenous crop a.cessions is extremely importa.t for breeders to identify potentia. pa.ents in cross-breeding progra.s. Fourteen cowpea.a.cessions collected from different pa.tsa.>a.> of Sudan were used for characterization at morphological and molecular levels. The seeds of the accessions were sown in the field using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Sixteen morphological descriptors (9 qualitative and 7 quantitative) and 20 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used for characterization of the accessions. The results of morphological data revealed considerable variability within and between state’s accessions. Some morphological traits revealed similarity between accessions from different states. Among the 20 RAPD markers used, 18 were polymorphic. A total of 379 polymorphic patterns were generated;polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.63 to 0.98 with an average of 0.9. The number of fragment detected ranged from 2 for OPL-11 to 51 for OPY-2 with an average of 26.06/primer and 27.07/genotype. One to five (1a.>a.> a.>a.>-a.>a.> a.>a.>a. style="font-fa.ily:Verda.a.">a. style="font-fa.ily:Verda.a.">a. style="font-fa.ily:Verda.a.">5) unique fra.ments of different sizes were detected for pa.ticula. a.cessions, which ma. provide a.va.ua.le resource for breeding superior cowpea.cultiva.s in Suda. a.d other semi-a.id zones. Genetic simila.ity wa. ra.ged from 0.02 to 0.47 with a. a.era.e of 0.25. Highe

关键词： Cowpea.a.cessions Genetic Diversity Cha.a.teriza.ion Morphologica. Ma.kers Ra.P Ma.kers Polymorphism

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