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Intensified cropping reduces soil erosion and improves rainfall partitioning and soil properties in the marginal land of the Indian Himalayas

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第3期12卷 521-533页

作者： Devideen Yadav Deepak Singh Subhash Babu Madhu Madegowda Dharamvir Singh Debashis Mandal avinash chandra rathore Vinod Kumar Sharma Vibha Singhal Anita Kumawat Dinesh Kumar Yadav Rajendra Kumar Yadav Surender Kumar ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation DehradunUttarakhand248195India Division of Agronomy ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research InstituteNew Delhi110012India ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Research CentreKotaRajasthan324002India ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science BhopalMadhya Pradesh462038India Agriculture University KotaRajasthan324001India ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Research CentreKoraputOdisha763002India

Environmental crises,land degradation,declining factor productivity,and farm profitability questioned the sustainability of linear economy-based existing agricultural production ***,there is a dire need to design and develop circular economy-based production systems to meet the twin objectives of environmental sustainability and food ***,the productive capacity,natural resource conserving ability,and biomass recycling potential of four intensified maize-based systems ***(Zea mays)+sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas)-wheat,maize+colocasia(Colocasia esculenta)-wheat,maize+turmeric(Curcuma longa),and maize+ginger(Zingiber officinale)were tested consecutively for three years(2020,2021 and 22)in a fixed plot manner at Dehradun region of the Indian Himalaya against the existing maize-wheat *** result showed that the maize+sweet potato-wheat system significantly reduced runoff loss(166.3 mm)over the maize-wheat *** highest through fall(68.12%)and the lowest stem flow(23.54%)were recorded with sole *** the contrary,the maize+sweet potato system has the highest stem flow(36.15%)and the lowest through ***,the maize+sweet potato system had 5.6 times lesser soil erosion and 0.77 t ha^(-1)higher maize pro-ductivity over the maize-wheat ***,the maize+sweet potato system recorded significantly higher soil moisture(19.3%),infiltration rate(0.95 cm h^(-1)),and organic carbon(0.78%)over the rest of the *** maize+sweet potato system also recycled the highest nitrogen(299.2 kg ha^(-1)),phosphorus,(31.0 kg ha^(-1)),and potassium(276.2 kg ha^(-1))into the soil ***,it can be inferred that concurrent cultivation of sweet potato,with maize,is a soil-supportive,resource-conserving,and productive production model and can be recommended for achieving the circular economy targets in the Indian Himalayas.

关键词： Crop productivity Erosion Infiltration Runoff Soil sedimentation

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Emission profiling of diesel and gasoline cars at a city traffic junction

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Particuology 2015年第1期13卷 186-193页

作者： avinash Kumar Agarwal Tarun Gupta Prakhar Bothra Pravesh chandra Shukla Engine Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur

In congested urban roads, cars must stop at intersections because of city traffic lights. As a result, pedestri- ans and traffic police personnel are exposed to pollutants emanating from the tailpipe of various vehicles at such city trafficjunctions. In this study, various gasoline- and diesel-fueled cars complying with differ- ent emission standards were tested for their emissions in simulated city traffic junction conditions. The engine exhaust from these cars was subjected to physicochemical characterization at different engine speeds under no-load conditions. These engine conditions were chosen because the cars idle at differ- ent engine speeds at a city traffic junction. Gravimetric and real-time measurements were performed for the tailpipe exhaust sampled from these vehicles. Exhaust particles were collected on 47 mm diameter quartz filter papers and subjected to gravimetric analysis for determining the total particulate mass （TPM） and trace metals while the engines were operated at two different engine idling speeds, 1500 rpm （representing low idling） and 2500 rpm （representing high idling）. At similar engine operating condi- tions, TPM and trace metals were lower for the exhaust from gasoline engines compared to the exhaust from diesel engines. Real-time measurements were performed for particle-bound poly-aromatic hydro- carbons （PAHs）, particle number and size distribution, regulated gaseous emissions and smoke opacity of the exhaust at four different engine speeds, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 rpm. Particle-bound PAHs showed a decreasing trend for the vehicles that complied with stricter vehicular emission standards. Higher particle peak number concentrations were observed for diesel exhausts compared to the results for gasoline exhaust. Regulated gaseous emissions were also comoared.

关键词： Traffic junctions Traffic stop emissions Particle number emission Particle mass emissions Diesel and gasoline fueled cars

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An evaluation of the emission profile for two-wheelers at a traffic junction

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Particuology 2015年第1期13卷 112-119页

作者： avinash Kumar Agarwal Prakhar Bothra Tarun Gupta Pravesh chandra Shukla Engine Research Laboratory Department of Mechanical EngineeringIndian Institute of Technology Kanpur Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur

Two-wheeler vehicles are an important mode of transportation in developing countries. However, the emissions from two-wheeler vehicles are significant. Urban two-wheeler vehicles with gasoline-fueled engines produce NOx and particulate matter emissions that affect urban air quality. During traffic light stops and programmed stops, for instance, pollutants are emitted and are dangerous to human health. In this experimental study, two-wheeler vehicles with different makes, technologies and engine capacities were tested for exhaust emissions including gravimetric and online measurements at different engine speeds and a no load condition at a simulated traffic junction. Gravimetric measurements were performed by collecting the particulate mass （at two engine speeds： 1500 and 2500 rpm） from a diluted engine-out exhaust on quartz filter paper. Next, these collected particulates were used to determine the presence of metals, as well as the benzene soluble organic fraction （BSOF）. The total particulate mass, BSOF and trace elements were slightly higher at a higher engine speed （2500 rpm）. Online measurements were performed by sampling the engine exhaust （at four engine speeds： 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000rpm） and using online instruments to determine the particle number and size distribution, the particle-bound polyaromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）, the gaseous emissions and the smoke opacity. Engines with higher cubic capacity emitted a higher concentration of nano-particles. The particle-bound PAH concentration increased as the engine speed increased, but this concentration was notably low for the highest engine speed tested （3000 rpm）. The regulated gaseous emissions increased as the engine speed increased for all vehicles.

关键词： Benzene soluble organic fraction (BSOF) Particle number and size distribution Trace elements Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) Regulated gaseous emissions

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Blue-Shift and Enhanced Photoluminescence in BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ Nanophosphor under VUV Excitation for PDPs Application

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2010年第1期1卷 25-31页

作者： Raghvendra Singh Yadav Shiv Kumar Pandey avinash chandra Pandey 不详

In this report, five systems of varied diameters viz. 62 nm, 85 nm, 115 nm, 160 nm and 450 nm of BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ nanorods are prepared by solution combustion approach and with annealing at different temperature in reduced atmosphere (N2 + H2). An intense broad blue photoluminescence (PL), corresponding to the electronic transition of Eu2+ from the 4f 6 5d excited state to the 4f 7 ground state, is observed. The blue-shift and enhanced photoluminescence is also observed, and found to be highly dependent on the size of diameter of BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ nanostructures. The change in decay time and color-coordinates with change in size of diameter of BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ nanostructure have been analysed and thoroughly discussed.

关键词： Quantum Confinement Effect Nanophosphor PDPs

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Status of serum vitamin D and neurological disorder in Nepalese population:a prospective study

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Life Research 2020年第4期3卷 148-157页

作者： avinash chandra Basant Pant Ayush chandra Pooja Prakash Reema Rajbhandari Sharad Gajuryal Pranaya Shrestha Samir Acharya Pravesh Rajbhandari Resha Shrestha Annapurna Neurological Institute and Alied Scinces MaitigharKathmanduNepal Tianjin Medical University TianjinChina Gandaki Medical College and Teaching Hospital PokharaNepal

Background:Recently,there has been a surge in research worldwide on vitamin *** on international level,Vit.D has shown positive correlation with cardio-cerebrovascular *** possible role of vitamin D there is paucity of research in low-and middle-income nations that are nearer to the equatorial *** of abundant sunlight exposure,Asian people are developing hypovitaminosis D need a special consideration to avoid excessive and unnecessary usage of *** study aims to detect the situation of vitamin D in Nepalese population and secondly to find out the suitable normalized reference range for serum vitamin D in multi-ethnic Nepalese ***:A hospital based prospective study was conducted using purposive sampling technique to select 107 ***-vivo and in vitro bio-physiological method was used to collect serum vitamin D ***:The present study showed that 32%of participants had deficit(30 ng/mL).Study showed that there is a lower degree of positive relationship of body mass index(r=0.162,P=0.094)and significant association of history of chronic illness(χ2=0.10,P=0.03),timing of occurrence of stroke(χ2=11.41,P=0.017)and diagnosis(χ2=21.19,P=0.011)with serum vitamin-D level at P<***:There is a direct significant association of serum vitamin D with socio-demographic variables when international unit is *** disorder showed positive association with serum vitamin D level.

关键词： Serum vitamin D Neurological disorder Deficiency Incidence

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Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia

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Chinese Medical Journal 2013年第11期126卷 2045-2048页

作者： TAN Song NIU Hui-xia ZHAO Lu GAO Yuan LU Jia-meng SHI Chang-he chandra avinash WANG Rui-hao XU Yu-ming Department of Neurology First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou Henan 450052 China

Background The Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia （SARA） was shown to be a reliable and valid measurement for patients with spinocerebellar ataxia （SCA）. The Brazilian version and the Japanese version of SARA were favorable for good reliability and validity. This study aimed to translate SARA into Chinese and test its reliability and validity in measurement of cerebellar ataxia. Methods SARA was translated into Chinese. A total 39 patients with degeneration cerebellar ataxia were evaluated independently by two neurologists with the Chinese version of SARA. Then the patients were evaluated by one of above neurologists with International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale （ICARS）. The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 17.0 for Windows. Results The Cronbach＇s alpha coefficient of the Chinese version of SARA was 0.78, which represents a good internal consistence. The correlation coefficient of the Chinese version of SARA scores between the two evaluators was 0.86, illustrating that the inter-rater reliability of Chinese version of SARA was good. The correlation coefficient between the Chinese version of SARA and ICARS was 0.91, illustrating that the criterion validity of Chinese version of SARA was not bad. Conclusions The Chinese version of SARA is reliable and effective for the assessment of degeneration cerebellar ataxia. Compared with ICARS, the evaluation of Chinese version of SARA is more objective, the assessment time is shortened, and the maneuverability is better.

关键词： Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale reliability validity

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Analysis of Trends of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Patients with Systemic Essential Hypertension

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2015年第8期6卷 561-569页

作者： Santosh Kumar Sinha Anand Kumar avinash Jain Ramesh Thakur chandra Mohan Varma Vinay Krishna Avdhesh Kumar Nirlep Gajiwala Ashok Thakkar L.P.S. Institute of Cardiology G.S.V.M. Medical College Kanpur India M.L. Chest Hospital G.S.V.M. Medical College Kanpur India Sahajanand Medical Technologies Pvt. Ltd. Surat India

Background: Studies have revealed a strong link between sleep-related breathing disorders and essential hypertension. However, the trends of sleep-disordered breathing in hypertensive patients have not been analyzed frequently. Methods: In this prospective, single-center and observational study, random patients with systemic essential hypertension, who were visiting GSVM Medical College, Kanpur, India between December 2012 and July 2014, were selected. After obtaining informed consent, patients were analyzed for symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Subsequently, all patients underwent overnight polysomnography to estimate the events of apnea and hypopnea. Observed data were compared between stage I and stage II hypertensive patients. Results: A total of 51 patients (age: 45.7 ± 13.43 years), comprising 36 stage I hypertensives and 15 stage II hypertensives, were enrolled in the study. About 47% of these patients displayed no symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing. Compared to stage I hypertensives, higher percentage of stage II hypertensives reported excessive day time sleepiness. Sleep latency time and sleep architecture were comparable between stage I and stage II hypertensives. Stage II hypertensives displayed shorter total sleep time and higher snore time than stage I hyper-tensives. Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) values increased with the severity of hypertension. Nocturnal oxygen desaturation was present in 25.0% and 53.3% of stage I and II hypertensives respectively. Mean lowest oxygen saturation was lower and the mean C-reactive protein levels were higher in stage II hypertensives as compared to stage I hypertensives. The mean C-reactive protein levels increased with increasing AHI scores, while the mean lowest oxygen saturation decreased with increasing AHI scores. Conclusion: Almost half of the hypertensives patients reported no symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing. Sleep-disordered breathing was more common and was more sever

关键词： Apnea Hypertension Polysomnography Sleep Disorders

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卒中、类风湿关节炎与同型半胱氨酸的关联因素

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中国医药导报 2013年第33期10卷 32-38页

作者：李玉生 avinash chandra 于慧王海丽许予明郑州大学第一附属医院神经内科河南郑州450052 郑州大学第一附属医院肿瘤放疗科河南郑州450052

自从人们认识到同型半胱氨酸水平升高可独立引起动脉粥样硬化性血栓形成及血管内皮损伤并将其命名为高同型半胱氨酸血症,它一直都是研究的热点。不仅如此,同型半胱氨酸和类风湿关节炎的关系也尤为密切。同型半胱氨酸可以引起血管损伤并... 详细信息

自从人们认识到同型半胱氨酸水平升高可独立引起动脉粥样硬化性血栓形成及血管内皮损伤并将其命名为高同型半胱氨酸血症,它一直都是研究的热点。不仅如此,同型半胱氨酸和类风湿关节炎的关系也尤为密切。同型半胱氨酸可以引起血管损伤并改变一些特定蛋白质的结构,造成新的可能会引起自身免疫反应的抗原的产生,因而同型半胱氨酸有可能是引起一些自身免疫疾病如类风湿关节炎的启动因素。这提示同型半胱氨酸和一些自身免疫疾病的相关性。同型半胱氨酸可以通过免疫-炎症作用引起心脑血管的损害。而免疫-炎症反应可能会增加同型半胱氨酸的水平,并损害特定的组织(心血管疾病中的血管内皮损伤、类风湿关节炎的滑膜损伤)。同型半胱氨酸和自身免疫疾病(免疫炎症反应)之间存在这样的双向作用。在本综述中,将阐述同型半胱氨酸作为卒中和类风湿关节炎之间的关联因素的合理解释,认为同型半胱氨酸是引起卒中和类风湿关节炎的因素之一,可以对这一点进行干预从而防控这两种不同的疾病。

关键词：同型半胱氨酸炎症自身免疫疾病卒中类风湿关节炎

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