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Hydrological Systems in the Greater Virunga Landscape: Water Quality around Mikeno Sector

Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2016年第3期8卷 382-396页

作者： Katcho Karume Mashimango Bagalwa Mapendano Yalire Katya Kazi Espoir Mukengere Bagula Robert Bitariho Deogratias Nahayo aventino kasangaki James Byamukama Observatoire Volcanologique de Goma Goma D.R. Congo Centre de Recherche en Science Naturelles de Lwiro Bukavu D.R. Congo Université Evangélique en Afrique Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques et Environnement Bukavu D.R. Congo Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation Kabale Uganda Institute d’Enseignement Supérieur de Ruhengeri Ruhengeri Rwanda College of Science and Technology Mbarara University Kampala Uganda Greater Virunga Transboundary Collaboration Kigali Rwanda

Monitoring of environmental parameters is one of the highest priorities in the evaluation of environmental status of water resources and in environmental protection policy. The main objectives are to understand and evaluate the water quantity and quality in order to provide water of appropriate quality to various water users. The water quantity was assessed by the measurement of runoff or discharge at specific river cross sections using floating method for surface water and bucket and stopwatch method for springs and boreholes. The quality of river water and spring was identified in terms of its physical, chemical, and biological parameters. The analyzed data were compared with standard values recommended by WHO. Macroinvertebrates were collected in the rivers using a plankton nets and 10 minutes of sampling. Identification was made at the laboratory of Malacology. Results revealed that the quality of water obtained from sampling points is generally good to use for different domestic purposes except the Idanta River and Rwembwe borehole, which need an appropriate treatment before use. All sampling points are located far from houses and latrines, which can contribute to fecal contamination. On the different sampling points, bathing and washing clothes were observed and could constitute the source of pollution of drinking water. In Idanta and Kamira Rivers animals used water for drinking while also people use this water for domestic and drinking. In the two sampling points high values of Escherichia coli were found. No pollutant-taxa tolerant were found in the two monitored rivers for macroinvertebrates. Since water quality and quantity remain a major challenge in rural areas, the government should provide safe water to the population around Mikeno sector after treatment using suitable techniques.

关键词： Water Quality Quantity Greater Virunga Landscape Macroinvertebrates Indicators D.R. Congo

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