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Multiple origin of the lichenicolous life habit in Helotiales,based on nuclear ribosomal sequences

Fungal Diversity 2015年第1期70卷 55-72页

作者： ave s.ija Damien Ertz James D.Lawrey Paul Diederich Institute of Ecology and Earth sciences University of Tartu40 Lai st.EE-51005 TartuEstonia Département Bryophytes et Thallophytes Jardin botanique national de BelgiqueDomaine de BouchoutB-1860 MeiseBelgium Department of Environmental science and Policy George Mason UniversityMSN 5G810900 University BoulevardManassasVA 20110-2203USA Musée national d’historie naturelle 25 rue MunsterL-2160 LuxembourgLuxembourg

The Helotiales are an ecologically and morphologically highly diverse group of ascomycetes that also includes lichen-inhabiting(lichenicolous)*** generated sequence data of three rDNA regions(nussU,nuLsU,5.8s of ITs)from 28 lichenicolous specimens representing nine genera in order to determine their phylogenetic *** on the most complete dataset of helotialean fungi to date,the analyses were performed using Maximum Likelihood(ML)and Bayesian *** results suggest that 1)the lichen-inhabiting life-style in Helotiales was subjected to gains or losses at least three times;2)Thamnogalla,previously tentatively included in Ostropales,is shown to belong to Helotiales;3)ascomata found intermixed with pycnidia of the asexual Diplolaeviopsis ranula and possessing the same pigments are tentatively considered as the sexual morph of this taxon,and are shown to belong to Helotiales;4)the lichenicolous species of ***,Llimoniella,Rhymbocarpus,skyttea,Thamnogalla and Unguiculariopsis form a well-supported clade together with non-lichenicolous encoelioid fungi from the genera Ionomidotis,Cordierites and Encoelia;5)Geltingia associata forms a highly supported clade with the fungicolous asexual fungus Eleutheromyces subulatus,whereas Pezizella epithallina clusters with an aquatic asexual fungus Tetracladium sp.;6)Phaeopyxis punctum belongs to Ostropomycetidae(Lecanoromycetes),but its deep relationships to other groups remain unresolved based on rDNA sequences.

关键词： Convergence Helotiales rDNA Taxonomy Diplolaeviopsis Geltingia Llimoniella Pezizella Phaeopyxis Rhymbocarpus skyttea Thamnogalla Unguiculariopsis

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Next-generation lithography for 22 and 16 nm technology nodes and beyond

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science China(Information sciences) 2011年第5期54卷 959-979页

作者： WU Banqiu Applied Materials, Inc., Building 81, M/s 81311, 1285 Walsh ave, santa Clara, CA 95050, UsA 1. Applied Materials Inc. Building 81 M/S 81311 1285 Walsh Ave Santa Clara CA 95050 USA

In this paper, next-generation lithography (NGL) for the 22 and 16 nm technology nodes and beyond is reviewed. A broad range of topics, including history, technologies, critical challenges, and the most plausible candidates are discussed. The 22 and 16 nm technology nodes rely on NGL. NGLs have been extensively studied. Because of technological issues, the semiconductor industry has stopped pursuing several NGLs, such as X-ray proximity lithography, ion projection lithography, and scattering with angular limitation projection electron lithography. Currently, the primary candidate technologies are extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL), maskless lithography (ML2), and nanoimprint lithography (NIL), with EUVL being the leading candidate. since EUVL was first proposed in 1988, many studies have been conducted. Currently, there is no "show stopper" for EUVL. Moreover, challenges are present in almost all aspects of EUVL technology. Almost all primary semiconductor manufacturing companies plan to implement commercial pre-production step-and-scan exposure tools in 2011. However, EUVL power at an intermediate focusing level has not yet met the volume manufacturing requirements. EUVL resists have been significantly improved recently, but there is still a critical need to meet requirements on resolution, line width roughness, and sensitivity. Creating a defect-free EUVL mask is another obstacle to the application of EUVL. ML2 and NIL, like EUVL, have also undergone significant progress recently, but throughput, defect control, and cost remain the critical impediments for practical application.

关键词： lithographic NGL XPL IPL NIL

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Lichenicolous fungi of the genus Abrothallus (Dothideomycetes: Abrothallales ordo nov.) are sister to the predominantly aquatic Janhulales

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Fungal Diversity 2014年第1期64卷 295-304页

作者： sergio Pérez-Ortega ave s.ija Ana Crespo Asunción de los Ríos Departamento Biología Ambiental Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales(CSIC)c/Serrano 115 dpdo28006 MadridSpain Institute of Ecology and Earth sciences University of Tartu40 Lai str.51005 TartuEstonia Facultad de Farmacia Departamento Biología Vegetal IIUniversidad Complutense de MadridPlaza Ramón y Cajal s/n28040 MadridSpain

This study provides new insights on the phylogenetic position of the lichenicolous fungal genus Abrothallus based on six molecular markers(nussU,nuLsU,mtssU,RPB1,RPB2 and TEF-α).In a broad-scale analysis,we detected high support for inclusion of the genus within Dothideomycetes.A further analysis provided support for Abrothallus as a member of the subclass Pleosporomycetidae as a sister group of Jahnulales,an order of aquatic *** the exclusive characters of this group of apotheciate fungi within the Dothidiomycetes,a new monotypic order Abrothallales is here introduced together with the new family *** a multi-locus analysis(based on the six loci indicated above plus ITs)restricted to 12 putative Abrothallus species,two clearly separated clades were observed:one comprising species growing on lichens of the families Parmeliaceae and Ramalinaceae,and the second including species that live on lichens of the order Peltigerales and the family Cladoniaceae.

关键词： Lichenicolous Multi-locus analysis Taxonomy Pleosporomycetidae Jahnulales

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Reactive oxygen species and senescence modulatory effects of rice bran extract on 4T1 and NIH-3T3 cells co-treatment with doxorubicin

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2021年第4期11卷 174-182页

作者： Ummi Maryam Zulfin ave Rahman Mila Hanifa Rohmad Yudi Utomo sari Haryanti Edy Meiyanto Cancer Chemoprevention Research Center Faculty of PharmacyUniversitas Gadjah Mada(UGM)Sekip UtaraYogyakarta 55281Indonesia Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyUGMSekip UtaraYogyakarta 55281Indonesia Medicinal Plant and Traditional Medicinal Research and Development Centre Ministry of HealthRepublic of Indonesia Laboratory of Macromolecular Engineering Department of Pharmaceutical ChemistryFaculty of PharmacyUGMSekip UtaraYogyakarta 55281Indonesia

Objective:To determine the effect of rice bran extract(RBE)in combination with doxorubicin on 4 T1 triple-negative breast cancer cells and NIH-3 T3 ***:RBE was obtained by maceration with *** phytochemical profile of RBE was observed using highperformance liquid *** effect of RBE was evaluated through MTT *** addition,flow cytometry was used for cell cycle and apoptosis *** senescence was observed using sA-β-Gal assay and intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROs)levels were evaluated using DCFDA *** pro-oxidant property of RBE was also evaluated through 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene spectrophotometry and molecular ***:RBE was obtained with a yield of 18.42%w/w and contained tocotrienols as the major *** exerted no cytotoxic effect on 4 T1 and NIH-3 T3 ***,RBE in combination with doxorubicin decreased 4 T1 cell viability synergistically(combination indexsis and senescence on 4 T1 *** significantly decreased senescence in doxorubicin-treated NIH-3 T3 ***,RBE did not increase ROs levels in doxorubicin-treated 4 T1 ***,the combination of RBE and doxorubicin reduced ROs levels in NIH-3 T3 *** significantly reduced glutathione-s-transferase activity and alpha-tocotrienol interacted with glutathione-stransferase in the glutathione binding ***:Rice bran may be used as a co-chemotherapeutic agent to improve the therapeutic effectiveness of doxorubicin while protecting against the cellular senescence effects of doxorubicin on healthy cells.

关键词： Rice bran extract ROs senescence Doxorubicin 4T1 NIH-3T3

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Mathematical Modeling of Onset of Convection in a Porous Layer with Viscosity Variation

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Journal of Thermal science 2000年第2期9卷 141-145页

作者： Fariborz Rashidi Ali Bahrami Chemical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, 424 Hafez ave., Tehran, IRAN Chemical Engineering Department Amirkabir University of Technology Tehran Iran

Instability theory is applied to diffusion-convection phenomenon in porous media, where the area in direction of transfer is large and viscosity of the oil varies due to gas dissolution. An important application of this theory arises where diffusion-convection is employed as an EOR technique in oil reservoirs. As a bed of gas is formed below a colunm of oil, gas starts to diffuse into the oil. Therefore, the oil becomes lighter and an inverse gradient of density is developed as more gas diffuses in. Although this inverse density gradient is potentially unstable, convection will not initiate until the gradient extends to a certain value. The condition at which convection begins is known as "the onset of convectin" and is well specified by the dimensionless Rayleigh number. In this study, an instability analysis is made for convection-diffusion in large porous media. Unlike Other studies where viscosity is assumed constant in this work viscosity is postulated to be a function of gas concentration. It is shown that the mathematical model developed reduces to previous models if the viscosity vacations are ignored.

关键词： instability theory flat porous media Rayleigh number onset of convection viscosity variations.

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MINIMIZING JOB sHOP INVENTORY WITH ON-TIME DELIVERY GUARANTEEs

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systems science and systems Engineering 2003年第4期12卷 449-469页

作者： Leyuan sHI Yunpeng PANDepartment of Industrial Engineering, University of Wisconsin 1513 University ave., Madison, WI 53706, UsA Department of Industrial Engineering University of Wisconsin Madison USA

In this paper, we introduce a new job shop model that minimizes a well-motivated inventory measure while assuring on-time job deliveries. For this new problem, we introduce precise notation and formalization. A decomposition scheme is discussed in detail, which is subsequently utilized in a new shifting bottleneck procedure (sBP) for the problem. In addition to sBP, we propose another heuristic method based on successive insertion of operations. Algorithms are fine tuned through experimentation. Moreover, the two heuristic procedures are compared in terms of computation time and solution quality, using disguised actual factory data.

关键词： Job shop inventory models deadlines heuristics

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Measuring and modeling suspended sediment concentration profiles in the surf zone

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2012年第2期1卷 172-192页

作者： Ping Wang Department of Geology, University of south Florida, 4202 E. Fowler ave., Tampa, FL 33620, UsA Department of Geology University of South Florida

Time-averaged suspended sediment concentration profiles across the surf zone were measured in a large-scale three-dimensional movable bed laboratory facility (LsTF:Large-scale sediment Transport Facility). sediment suspension under two different types of breaking waves, spilling and plunging breakers, was investigated. The magnitudes and shapes of the concentration profiles varied substantially at different locations across the surf zone, reflecting the different intensities of breaking-induced turbulence. sediment sus- pension at the energetic plunging breaker-line was much more active, resulting in nearly homogeneous concentration profiles throughout most of the water column, as compared to the reminder of the surf zone and at the spilling breaker-line. Four suspended sediment concentration models were examined based on the LsTF data, including the mixing turbulence length approach, segment eddy viscosity model, breaking-induced wave-energy dissipation approach, and a combined breaking and turbulence length model developed by this study. Neglecting the breaking-induced turbulence and subsequent sediment mixing, suspended sediment concentration models failed to predict the across-shore variations of the sediment suspension, especially at the plunging breaker-line. Wave-energy dissipation rate provided an accurate method for estimating the intensity of turbulence generated by wave breaking. By incorporating the breaking-induced turbulence, the combined breaking and turbulence length model reproduced the across-shore variation of sediment suspension in the surf zone. The combined model reproduced the measured time-averaged suspended sediment concentration profiles reasonably well across the surf zone.

关键词： sediment transport suspended sediment transport wave breaking coastal morphodynamics coastal processes beach processes surf zone physical modeling

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Wind Field in Greater Tehran Area (GTA) in Autumn season

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Journal of Thermal science 2000年第3期9卷 205-210页

作者： Kh. Badii B. Dabir N.s. Moussiopoulos P. sahm s.M. Alaie Th. Nitis (Chemical Engineering Department, Amir-Kabir University of Technology, Hafez ave., Tehran, Iran. Mechanical Engineering Department, Aristotle University of Thessalonild, Thessaloniki, Chemical Engineering Department Amir-Kabir University of Technology Tehran Iran Mechanical Engineering Department Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki Greece

Air Pollution is one of the main contaminants in industrial cities like Tehran, but it depends on many factors. One of the most important factors is wind field. Wind field shows how the pollutants transfer by convective mechanism. Tehran as the most polluted city of Iran (or may be Middle East) locates in a mountainous situation and is surrounded from two sides by high mountains and from two sides by desert. Therefore, the topography of Greater Tehran Area is so complex and needs more attention. We have studied the air pollution in Tehran from this point of view in this paper and used MEMO software for simulation of wind field in this area. The results show good agreement with experimental observations and show stronger wind from south to north and west-south to east-north in days and then night in reverse direction. It causes that the pollutants remain at urban area and the concentrations of pollutants reach to a serious level.

关键词： wind field air pollution inversion modelling MEMO software.

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A Method Based on step-changed shunt-wound sR in Detecting the ship’s Weak shaft-rate Electric Field signal

A Method Based on Step-changed Shunt-wound SR in Detecting t...

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2011 IEEE International Conference on Information Theory and Information security(ICITIs 2011)

作者： Fan Huang Chunsheng Lin Naval University of Engineering 717 Jiefang ave Wuhan China

To detect the weak shaft-rate electric field signal of the ship submerged into the loud noise,this paper proposes a method based on stochastic resonance（sR）.Firstly the basic principle of stochastic resonance is introduced,then a model for detecting the weak periodic signal is *** parameters adjusting,the weak shaft-rate signal has been detected from measured datum of low *** influence that the parameters have on the output of the system is disclosed through the detection example in this paper,and a method based on step-changed shunt-wound sR is proposed which can achive very good effct on the detection of the ship’s weak shaft-rate electric field signal.

关键词： stochastic resonance shaft-rate electric field weak signal detection step power spectrum correlation

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The Use of Fractal for Prediction of Burning Rate of Composite solid Propellants

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Journal of Thermal science 2000年第4期9卷 361-364页

作者： Manouchehr Nikazar,Mohammad B. Bagherpour,Bahram Dabir (Chem. Eng. Dept., Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), No.424, Hafez ave., Tehran, Iran.) Chem. Eng. Dept. Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic) Tehran Iran

By using the fractal geometry it is possible to calculate the actual AP (Ammonium Perchlorate) surface area and oxidizer-binder interface fractal dimension in the prediction of burning rate of composite solid propellants. In this investigation, the fractal dimension was determined by a procedure known as the "Box Counting Method". Using this dimension, surface area relations were developed for the rough particles. This method was implemented in the PEM (Petite Ensemble Model) burning rate model. The comparison of burning rates for a typical propellant by the PEM and fractal model shows that the burning rates obtained by using the fractal geometry are slightly less than those obtained by the PEM model.

关键词： PEM model composite solid propellant burning rate fractal.

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