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Journal of Earth Science 2018年第4期29卷 879-885页

作者： George D Stanley Jr Hannah m E Shepherd autumn J Robinson University of montana Paleontology Center Missoula MT 59812 USA

The end-Triassic （also Triassic-Jurassic） mass extinction severely affected life on planet Earth 200 million years ago. Paleoclimate change triggered by the volcanic eruptions of the Central Atlantic magmatic Province （CAmP） caused a great loss of marine biodiversity, among which 96% coral genera were get lost. However, there is precious little detail on the paleoecology and growth forms lost between the latest Triassic extinction and the Early Jurassic recovery. Here a new pilot study was conducted by analyzing corallite integration levels among corals from the latest Triassic and Early Jurassic times. Integration levels in corals from the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic were determined through both the Paleobiology Database as well as from a comprehensive museum collection of fossil corals. Results suggest that in addition to a major loss of diversity following the end-Triassic mass extinction, there also was a significant loss of highly integrated corals as clearly evidenced by the coral data from the Early Jurassic. This confirms our hypothesis of paleoecological selectivity for corals following the end-Triassic mass extinction. This study highlights the importance of assigning sim- ple to advanced paleoecological characters with integration levels, which opens a useful approach to understanding of mass extinction and the dynamics of the recovery.

关键词： coral loss integration level end-Triassic mass extinction paleoecology

Ground-based and additional science support for SmILE

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 275-298页

作者： J.A.Carter m.Dunlop C.Forsyth K.Oksavik E.Donovon A.Kavanagh S.E.milan T.Sergienko R.C.Fear D.G.Sibeck m.Connors T.Yeoman X.Tan m.G.G.T.Taylor K.mcWilliams J.Gjerloev R.Barnes D.D.Billet G.Chisham A.Dimmock m.P.Freeman D.-S.Han m.D.Hartinger S.-Y.W.Hsieh Z.-J.Hu m.K.James L.Juusola K.Kauristie E.A.Kronberg m.Lester J.manuel J.matzka I.mcCrea Y.miyoshi J.Rae L.Ren F.Sigernes E.Spanswick K.Sterne A.Steuwer T.Sun m.-T.Walach B.Walsh C.Wang J.Weygand J.Wild J.Yan J.Zhang Q.-H.Zhang Planetary Sciences Group School of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterUniversity RoadLeicesterLE17RHUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Space Science Technology Facilities CouncilOxfordshireUK School of Space and Environment Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Key Laboratory of Space Environment monitoring and Information Processing Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyBeijing 100017China Department of Space and Climate Physics UCLMullard Space Science LaboratoryHolmbury St.MaryDorkingSurreyRH56NTUK Birkeland Centre for Space Science Department of Physics and Technology.University of BergenBergenNorway Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary2500 University DriveCalgaryAlbertaCanada T2N 1N4 British Antarctic Survey CambridgeUK Swedish Institute of Space Physics KirunaSweden West Highfield Campus University of SouthamptonUniversity RoadSO171BJUK Goddard Space Flight Center NASAGreenbeltMarylandUSA Athabasca University AthabascaCanada ESTEC European Space AgencyNetherlands University of Saskatchewan SaskatoonCanada The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMarylandUSA Swedish Institude of Space Physics UppsalaSE 75121Sweden Tongji University Shanghai 200092China Center for Space Plasma Physics Space Science Institute4765 Walnut Street Suite BBoulderColorado80301USA Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200136China Finnish meteorological Institute(FmI) Finland Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences(Geophysics) Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich(LMU)MunichTheresienstr.41MunichD-80333Germany Canadian Space Agency MontrealCanada GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences PotsdamGermany Nagoya University Institute for Space Earth Environment ResearchCenter for Integrated Data ScienceNagoyaAichiJP 464-8601 Northumbria University Newcastle upon TyneTyne and WearUK NE18ST National Space Science Center Chinese Academy SciencesBeijing 100190China Arctic Geophysics University Centre in Svalbard

The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SmILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere *** these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SmILE ***,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SmILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SmILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these *** include constructing an online SmILE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft *** anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SmILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.

关键词： magnetosphere ionosphere magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling ground-based experimentation SmILE conjunctions missions

Irrigation Water Demand model as a Comparative Tool for Assessing Effects of Land Use Changes for Agricultural Crops in Fraser Valley, Canada

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Agricultural Sciences 2021年第8期12卷 888-906页

作者： Skylar Kylstra autumn D. Watkinson Lewis Fausak Leslie m. Lavkulich Faculty of Land and Food Systems University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

Available water for human needs and agriculture is a growing global concern. Agriculture uses approximately 70% of global freshwater, mainly for irrigation. The Lower Fraser Valley (LFV), British Columbia, is one of the most productive agricultural regions in Canada, supporting livestock production and a wide variety of crops. Water scarcity is a growing concern that threatens the long-term productivity, sustainability, and economic viability of the LFV’s agriculture. We used the BC Agriculture Water Demand model as a tool to determine how crop choice, irrigation system, and land-use changes can affect predicted water requirements under these different conditions, which can aid stakeholders to formulate better management decisions. We conducted a comparative assessment of the irrigation water demand of seven major commercial crops, by distinct soil management groups, at nineteen representative sites, that use both sprinkler vs drip irrigation. Drip irrigation was consistently more water-efficient than sprinkler irrigation for all crops. Of the major commercial crops assessed, raspberries were the most efficient in irrigation water demand, while forage and pasture had the highest calculated irrigation water demand. Significant reductions in total irrigation water demand (up to 57%) can be made by switching irrigation systems and/or crops. This assessment can aid LFV growers in their land-use choices and could contribute to the selection of water management decisions and agricultural policies.

关键词： Drip Irrigation Sprinkler Irrigation Water management Water Resources Agricultural Water Demand model

Effects of fertilization on radial growth of Pinus pinea explored hourly using dendrometers

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期 25-39页

作者： Verónica Loewe-mu?oz Rodrigo del Río millar Claudia Delard Rodriguez mónica Balzarini Chilean Forest Institute (INFOR) Metropolitan Office Centro Nacional de Excelencia Para la Industria de la madera(CENAmAD) Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET ) Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Ciudad Universitaria

Background Stone pine(Pinus pinea), a drought-resistant species, has significant socio-economic benefits and increasing interest for the establishment of productive plantations in several countries, especially in a climate change context. monitoring hourly stem diameter variations contributes to the understanding of the tree-growth response to changes in environmental conditions and management. By monitoring the diameter expansion of tree stems, high-resolution band dendrometers were used to study the development of adult trees growing in a semi-arid coastal environment of central Chile under fertilized and non-fertilized soil conditions through the span of a *** Short cycles( 28 h) occurred at a higher frequency in fertilized trees(16 vs 6). most of the circadian cycles were regular(24 ± 3 h). The longest cycle duration(59 h) was observed in fertilized trees during spring. In all seasons, each phase of the circadian cycle, especially during the stem diameter increment phase(P3, irreversible growth), started earlier in fertilized than in control trees. P3 duration was significantly longer in fertilized than in control trees in springtime. The maximum shrinkage(P1) was observed in summer for both treatments. Stem diameter increased faster in fer-tilized than in control trees throughout the year, with the highest accumulation occurring in spring and the lowest in autumn. The daily variability pattern showed lower growth under high temperature across *** This study highlights the importance of fertilization in enhancing stone pine diameter growth. This cultural practice should be further explored to contribute to the mitigation of climate change effects in semi-arid environments.

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Identifying diabetes management opportunity areas in the USA

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Family medicine and Community Health 2020年第1期8卷 53-58页

作者： michael Topmiller Kyle Shaak Peter J mallow autumn m Kieber-Emmons Health Landscape LLCCincinnatiOhioUSA Department of Family medicine Lehigh Valley Health NetworkAllentownPennsylvaniaUSA Health Services Administration Xavier UniversityCincinnatiOhioUSA School of medicine University of South FloridaTampaFloridaUSA

Using adherence to diabetes management guidelines as a case study,this paper applied a novel geospatial hot-spot and cold-spot methodology to identify priority counties to target *** for this study were obtained from the Dartmouth Atlas of Healthcare,the United States Census Bureau’s American Community Survey and the University of Wisconsin County Health Rankings.A geospatial approach was used to identify four tiers of priority counties for diabetes preventive and management services:diabetes management cold-spots,clusters of counties with low rates of adherence to diabetes preventive and management services(Tier D);medicare spending hot-spots,clusters of counties with high rates of spending and were diabetes management cold-spots(Tier C);preventable hospitalisation hot-spots,clusters of counties with high rates of spending and are diabetes management cold-spots(Tier B);and counties that were located in a diabetes management cold-spot cluster,preventable hospitalisation hot-spot cluster and medicare spending hot-spot cluster(Tier A).The four tiers of priority counties were geographically concentrated in Texas and Oklahoma,the Southeast and central *** these tiers,there were 62 Tier A *** of preventable hospitalisations and medicare spending were higher in Tier A counties compared with national *** same counties had much lower rates of adherence to diabetes preventive and management *** novel geospatial mapping approach used in this study may allow practitioners and policy makers to target interventions in areas that have the highest *** refinement of this approach is necessary before making policy recommendations.

关键词： diabetes policy counties

Daily variation of radon gas and its short-lived progeny concentration near ground level and estimation of aerosol residence time

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Chinese Physics B 2016年第5期25卷 111-118页

作者： m mohery A m Abdallah A Ali S S Baz Physics Department Faculty of Science University of Jeddah Physics Department Faculty of Science Sohag University Astronomy Department Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University Astronomy Department Faculty of Science Cairo University Physics Department Girls Faculty of Science King Abdulaziz University

Atmospheric concentrations of radon（^（222）Rn） gas and its short-lived progenies^（218）Po,^（214）Pb, and^（214）Po were continuously monitored every four hours at the ground level in Jeddah city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The measurements were performed three times every week, starting from November 2014 to October 2015. A method of electrostatic precipitation of positively charged^（218）Po and ^（214）Po by a positive voltage was applied for determining^（222）Rn gas concentration. The short-lived^（222）Rn progeny concentration was determined by using a filter holder connected with the alpha-spectrometric technique. The meteorological parameters（relative air humidity, air temperature, and wind speed） were determined during the measurements of^（222）Rn and its progeny concentrations.^（222）Rn gas as well as its short-lived progeny concentration display a daily and seasonal variation with high values in the night and early morning hours as compared to low values at noon and in the afternoon. The observed monthly atmospheric concentrations showed a seasonal trend with the highest values in the autumn/winter season and the lowest values in the spring/summer season. moreover, and in parallel with alphaspectrometric measurements, a single filter-holder was used to collect air samples. The deposited activities of^（214）Pb and the long-lived^（222）Rn daughter ^（210）Pb on the filter were measured with the gamma spectrometric technique. The measured activity concentrations of^（214）Pb by both techniques were found to be relatively equal largely. The highest mean seasonally activity concentrations of ^（210）Pb were observed in the autumn/winter season while the lowest mean were observed in the spring/summer season. The mean residence time（mRT） of aerosol particles in the atmospheric air could be estimated from the activity ratios of ^（210）Pb/^（214）Pb.

关键词： daily variation radon progeny concentration meteorological variables

Component Analysis and Antifungal Activity of the Compounds Extracted from Four Brown Seaweeds with Different Solvents at Different Seasons

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2018年第5期17卷 1178-1188页

作者： mOHY EL-DIN Soad m. mOHYELDIN mohamed m. Botany and microbiology Department Faculty of ScienceAlexandria UniversityAlexandria 21511Egypt Pharmacognosy Department Faculty of PharmacyAlexandria UniversityAlexandria 21521Egypt

The polar and nonpolar extracts of Colpomenia sinuosa, Padina pavonia, Cystoseira barbata and Sargassum vulgare collected during spring, summer and autumn were evaluated for their antifungal activities. The phytochemicals of unexplored seaweeds were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometric （GC/mS）. The algal extracts were tested for their antifungal activities against Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Penicillium parasiticus, Candida utilis and Fusarium solani. Phytochemicals were extracted from the four seaweeds with various solvents including methanol, ethanol, acetone, chloroform and dimethyl ether. Among the various extracts, methanolic extract showed the highest inhibition activity on all fungal species. Seasonal variation in antifungal activity was studied, while methanol extracts showed the best antifungal activity in spring. Cystoseira barbata was the most effective seaweed, having anatifungal activity throughout the whole year. The UV-Vis phytochemical procedure and GC-mS analysis of the methanol extracts from tested species indicated the existence of different constituents. In conclusions, the compounds with antifungal activity were identified as indoles, terpenes, acetogenins, phenols, and volatile halogenated hydrocarbons.

关键词： antifungal activity GC/mS UV-Vis macroalgae seasonal variation

Patterns of reproduction in two sympatric gerbil species in arid Egypt

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Integrative Zoology 2009年第2期4卷 248-253页

作者： Sohail SOLImAN Eman m.mOHALLAL Department of Zoology Faculty of ScienceAin Shams UniversityAbbasiyaCairoEgypt Desert Research Centre MatariyaCairoEgypt

Despite a significant number of studies on the reproductive characteristics of small mammals,very little of this work has been conducted on species in ***,the Egyptian greater gerbil(Gerbillus pyramidum Saint-Hilaire,1825)and Anderson’s lesser Egyptian gerbil(Gerbillus andersoni De Winton,1902)in northeastern Egypt were *** behavior in these species was synchronized with rainfall in the winter and spring *** however,the removal of individual gerbils throughout the course of study resulted in an extension of reproductive activity into the dry summer and autumn months in the latter part of the *** results are discussed in the context of density-dependent reproductive behavior in small mammals.

关键词： compensation density dependent Egypt Gerbillus reproduction Sinai.

The unusual life history of a southern Iberian Peninsula population of Torleya major （Ephemeroptera： Ephemerellidae）

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Insect Science 2011年第5期18卷 583-589页

作者： m. J. Lopez-Rodriguez J. m. Tierno de Figueroa J. Alba-Tercedor Departamento de Biologia Animal Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Granada Spain

The nymphal biology of a population of Torleya major （Klapalek） in southem Iberian Peninsula was studied. An atypical life cycle pattern is described, with eggs hatching in August producing a fast-developing cohort with adults emerging in autumn and a second slow-developing cohort with adults emerging in spring of the following year. Nymphal growth occurred primarily in summer-autumn （in the first cohort） and in spring （in the second）. The origin of such a life history is discussed. Nymphs were collector-gatherers, consuming mainly detritus. Although ontogenetic shifts on the use of trophic resources were detected, similar food was utilized during the months when both cohorts cohabited, eliminating the possibility that the rapid growth of the first cohort could be related to the utilization of different food resources.

关键词： collector-gatherer life cycle mayfly nymphal feeding southern Iberian Peninsula