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Fire blight QTL analysis in a multi-family apple population identifies a reduced-susceptibility allele in ‘Honeycrisp’

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 355-367页

作者： Sarah A.Kostick Soon Li Teh John L.Norelli Stijn Vanderzande Cameron Peace Kate m.evans Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center Department of HorticultureWashington State UniversityWenatcheeWA 98801USA United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research ServiceAppalachian Fruit Research LaboratoryKearneysvilleWV 25430USA Department of Horticulture Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164USA

Breeding apple cultivars with resistance offers a potential solution to fire blight,a damaging bacterial disease caused by Erwinia *** resistance alleles at quantitative trait loci(QTLs)were previously characterized in diverse malus germplasm with poor fruit quality,which reduces breeding *** study utilized a pedigree-based QTL analysis approach to elucidate the genetic basis of resistance/susceptibility to fire blight from multiple genetic sources in germplasm relevant to *** breeding ***-seven important breeding parents(IBPs)were represented by 314 offspring from 32 full-sib families,with‘Honeycrisp’being the most highly represented *** resistance/susceptibility data from a two-year replicated field inoculation study and previously curated genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data,QTLs were consistently mapped on chromosomes(Chrs.)6,7,and *** QTLs together explained~28% of phenotypic *** Chr.6 and Chr.15 QTLs colocalized with previously reported QTLs,while the Chr.7 QTL is possibly novel.‘Honeycrisp’inherited a rare reduced-susceptibility allele at the Chr.6 QTL from its grandparent‘Frostbite’.The highly resistant IBP‘Enterprise’had at least one putative reduced-susceptibility allele at all three *** general,lower susceptibility was observed for individuals with higher numbers of reduced-susceptibility alleles across *** study highlighted QTL mapping and allele characterization of resistance/susceptibility to fire blight in complex pedigree-connected apple breeding *** gained will enable more informed parental selection and development of trait-predictive DNA tests for pyramiding favorable alleles and selection of superior apple cultivars with resistance to fire blight.

关键词： blight breeding cultivar

Investigation of effect of near-fault motions on substandard bridge structures

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2011年第1期10卷 1-11页

作者： austin Brown m. Saiid Saiidi Dynamic Certification Laboratories Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of near-fault ground motions on substandard bridge columns and piers. To accomplish these goals, several large scale reinforced concrete models were constructed and tested on a shake table using near- and far-field ground motion records. Because the input earthquakes for the test models had different characteristics, three different measures were used to evaluate the effect of the input earthquake. These measures are peak shake table acceleration, spectral acceleration at the fundamental period of the test specimens, and the specimen drift ratios. For each measure, force-displacement relationships, strains, curvatures, drift ratios, and visual damage were evaluated. Results showed that regardless of the measure of input or response, the near-fault record generally led to larger strains, curvatures, and drift ratios. Furthermore, residual displacements were small compared to those for columns meeting current seismic code requirements.

关键词： near-fault reinforced concrete bridge columns dynamic response

Compositional Effect of ZrO_2 Nanofillers on a PVDF-co-HFP Based Polymer Electrolyte System for Solid State Zinc Batteries

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2016年第3期34卷 332-343页

作者： m.Johnsi S.austin Suthanthiraraj Department of Energy University of MadrasGuindy Campus

Composite polymer electrolytes（CPEs） comprising poly（vinilydene fluoride-hexafluoro propylene）, PVDF-coHFP and zinc triflate, Zn（CF3SO3）2 with varying concentrations of ZrO_2 nanofillers were prepared by solution casting technique with N,N-dimethyl formamide（DmF） as the common solvent. The polymer electrolyte specimen with the particular composition 75 wt% PVDF-co-HFP： 25 wt% Zn Tf ＋ 7 wt% Zr O2 showed the highest conductivity of 4.6 × 10-4 S/cm at 298 K as confirmed from impedance measurements and favored by the rich amorphous phase of the CPE revealed from room temperature X-ray diffraction analysis（XRD）. The electrical conductivity relaxation time and its distribution within the materials have been evaluated from the electric modulus m 2 and impedance Z＂ data which showed the occurrence of non-Debye type of relaxation phenomenon. The changes in the surface morphology of the CPEs were examined using scanning electron microscopy（SEm）. The electrochemical stability window of CPE is found to be 2.6 V with a thermal stability up to 300 °C. An electrochemical cell has been fabricated based on Zn/mnO_2 electrode couple under a constant load of 1 mΩ and its discharge characteristics have been evaluated.

关键词： Nanocomposites Dielectric properties Thermal stability Electrochemical stability Batteries

Application of a long short-term memory for deconvoluting conductance contributions at charged ferroelectric domain walls

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npj Computational materials 2020年第1期6卷 319-325页

作者： Theodor S.Holstad Trygve m.Ræder Donald m.evans Didirk R.Småbråten Stephan Krohns Jakob Schaab Zewu Yan Edith Bourret Antonius T.Jvan Helvoort Tor Grande Sverre m.Selbach Joshua C.Agar Dennis meier Department of materials Science and Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)7491 TrondheimNorway Department of materials Science and Engineering Lehigh UniversityBethlehemPA 18015USA Experimental Physics V Center for Electronic Correlations and MagnetismUniversity of Augsburg86159 AugsburgGermany Department of materials ETH Zurich8093 ZürichSwitzerland materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Physics ETH Zurich8093 ZürichSwitzerland Department of Physics Norwegian University of Science and Technology(NTNU)7491 TrondheimNorway

Ferroelectric domain walls are promising quasi-2D structures that can be leveraged for miniaturization of electronics components and new mechanisms to control electronic signals at the *** the significant progress in experiment and theory,however,most investigations on ferroelectric domain walls are still on a fundamental level,and reliable characterization of emergent transport phenomena remains a challenging task.

关键词： walls ferroelectric conductance

Evolving Frameworks for the Foundation and Practice of Electronic Fetal monitoring

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maternal-Fetal medicine 2022年第2期4卷 141-151页

作者： mark I.evans David W.Britt Shara m.evans Lawrence D.Devoe Fetal medicine Foundation of America New YorkNY 10065USA Comprehensive Genetics PLLCNew YorkNY 10065USA Department of Obstetrics&Gynecology Icahn School of Medicine at Mt.SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA Department of maternal Child Health Gillings School of Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNY 27599USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaGA 30907USA.

Since the 1970s,electronic fetal monitoring(EFm)also known as cardiotocography(CTG)has been used extensively in labor around the world,despite its known failure to help prevent many babies from developing neonatal encephalopathy and cerebral *** of EFm’s poor performance with respect to these outcomes arises from a fundamental misunderstanding of the differences between screening and diagnostic tests,subjective classifications of fetal heart rate(FHR)patterns that lead to large inter-observer variability in its interpretation,failure to appreciate early stages of fetal compromise,and poor statistical modeling for its use as a screening *** have developed a new approach to the practice and interpretation of EFm called the fetal reserve index(FRI)which does the following:(1)breaking FHR components down into 4 components,(heart rate,variability,accelerations,and decelerations);(2)contextualizing the metrics by adding increased uterine activity;(3)adding specific maternal,fetal,and obstetric risk *** result is an eight-point scoring metric that,when directly compared with current American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists EFm categories,even in version 1.0 with equal weighting of variables,shows that the FRI has performed much better for identifying cases at risk before damage had occurred,reducing the need for emergency deliveries,and lowering overall Cesarean delivery *** increased data,we expect further refinements in the specifics of scoring that will allow even earlier detection of compromise in labor.

关键词： Fetal monitoring Cardiotocography Fetal reserve index

Cost and accuracy of advanced breeding trial designs in apple

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Horticulture Research 2016年第1期3卷 267-276页

作者： Julia m Harshman Kate m.evans Craig m Hardner Department of Horticulture Washington State University Tree Fruit Research and Extension CenterWenatchee98801WAUSA Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation University of QueenslandSt Lucia4072QueenslandAustralia

Trialing advanced candidates in tree fruit crops is expensive due to the long-term nature of the planting and labor-intensive evaluations required to make selection *** closely the trait evaluations approximate the true trait value needs balancing with the cost of the *** of field trials of advanced apple candidates in which reduced number of locations,the number of years and the number of harvests per year were modeled to investigate the effect on the cost and accuracy in an operational breeding *** aim was to find designs that would allow evaluation of the most additional candidates while sacrificing the least *** percentage difference,response to selection,and correlated response were used to examine changes in accuracy of trait *** the quality traits evaluated,accuracy and response to selection were not substantially reduced for most trial *** management influences the decision to change trial design,and some designs had greater risk associated with *** cost and accuracy with risk yields valuable insight into advanced breeding trial *** methods outlined in this analysis would be well suited to other horticultural crop breeding programs.

关键词： breeding crops planting

Direct measurements of the Electron Energy Flux versus Electron Temperature Gradient in Tokamak Discharges

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Plasma Science and Technology 2004年第1期6卷 2130-2134页

作者： K.W.Gentle m.E.austin P.E.Phillips Fusion Research Center University of Texas USAFusion Research Center University of Texas USAFusion Research Center University of Texas USA

Electron thermal transport is one of the most complex processes in fusionplasmas. It is generally described by a simple thermal diffusivity in transport analyses ofdischarges, but there is evidence of critical gradient effects with moderate stiffness. By analyzingperiodic perturbations to an equilibrium, one canmeasure the variations in electron energy flux andelectron temperature gradient over the perturbation cycle, obtaining the flux as a function ofgradient over the range of parameters generated by the perturbation. Although time-dependenttransport analysis is very sensitive to noise in the input data, averaging over many cycles of aperiodic perturbation can provide data of sufficient quality. The analyses presented here are basedon the ECE temperature data with high spatial and temporal resolution and full profile coverage onDIII-D for sawteeth and modulated ECH heating.

关键词： tokamak discharges electron energy flux electron temperature gradient direct measurements

Is the propensity to emit alarm calls associated with health status?

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Current Zoology 2020年第6期66卷 607-614页

作者： austin L.Nash Alexandra H.m.Jebb Daniel T.BLUmSTEIN Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado265 UCBBoulderCO 80309USA School of Biological Sciences University of AberdeenZoology BuildingTillydrone AvenueAberdeenAB242TZUK The Rocky mountain Biological Laboratory Box 519 Crested ButteCO 81224USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California621 Young Drive SouthLos AngelesCA 90095-1606USA

The production and structure of animal signals may depend on an individual's health status and may provide more than one type of information to *** alarm calls are not typically viewed as health condition dependent,recent studies have suggested that their structure,and possibly their propensity to be emitted,depends on an individual,s health condition and *** asked whether the propensity of yellow-bellied marmots(marmota flaviventer)to emit calls is influen ced by their immuno logical or parasite status,by quantifying both trap-elicited and n atural calling rates as a function of their neutrophil-to-lymphocyte(NL)ratio,the presence of a blood borne trypanosome,and the presenee of several intestinal parasites(Eimeria sp.,Entamoeba sp.,and Ascaris sp.).We fitted mixed effects models to determine if the health measures we collected were associated with the probability of calling in a trap and with annual rates of natural alarm *** infected with a blood-borne trypanosome were marginally more likely to call naturally and when trapped,while those infected with the intestinal parasite Ascaris were less likely to call when *** ratio was not directly associated with in-trap calling probability,but males were more likely to call when they had higher NL ***,health conditions,such as parasite infection and immune system activation,can modulate the production of alarm signals and potentially provide in formation to both predators and prey about the caller's *** experiments are required to confirm if receivers use such information.

关键词： alarm calling animal communication antipredator behavior condition dependenee immune function parasites

NCoR1 protects positive-selecting thymocytes from negative selection

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NCoR1 protects positive-selecting thymocytes from negative s...