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Extent of morbidity associated with schistosomiasis infection in Malawi: a review paper

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2015年第1期4卷 185-192页

作者： austin h n mtethiwa Gamba nkwengulila Jared Bakuza Daniel Sikawa Abigail Kazembe Lilongwe University of Agriculture and natural Resources(LUAnAR) Bunda CampusPO Box 219LilongweMalawi Zoology Department University of Dar es SalaamCollege of Natural and Applied SciencePO Box 35064Dar es SalaamTanzania Biological Sciences Unit Dar es Salaam University College of Education(DUCE)PO Box 2329Dar es SalaamTanzania University of Malawi Kamuzu College of NursingPrivate Bag 1LilongweMalawi

Data on the extent of the burden due to schistosomiasis is sparse in most Sub-Saharan African ***,this data is crucial for triggering medical attention.A review of extent of morbidity and determinants associated with schistosomiasis in Malawi was therefore conducted to quantify the infection in order to concretise the need for medical intervention.A systematic and traditional search strategy was used to find literature for the review,whilst exclusion and inclusion criteria were used to identify appropriate *** regression curves of epidemiological model Y=(a+bxc)/(1+bxc)and the recommendation that schistosomiasis prevalence can be used to estimate morbidity were employed to quantify morbidity at various infection *** was quantified as a direct proportion of the population and the respective national schistosomiasis *** showed that both *** and *** are present in Malawi with the latter highly prevalent(50%).Furthermore,out of the estimated population of 16,829 million,approximately 8.4 million have schistosomiasis,with about 4.4 million of these aged 18 years and *** most frequent manifestation is Katayama syndrome,while ascites is the lowest,impacting about 3.0 million and 960 individuals,*** studies on association of schistosomiasis infection to risk factors such as occupation,age and gender found odds ratio(OR)ranging from 1.29 to *** due to schistosomiasis is high in *** is therefore recommended that a more detailed study on the determinants of high schistosomiasis and re-evaluation of the current control measures be conducted if the current morbidity statistics are to be remarkably reduced.

关键词： Schistosomiasis Morbidity Risk factors Quantification Burden Extent

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Unmixing detrital zircon U-Pb ages reveals tectonic and climatic depositional influences on the Carboniferous Ansilta Formation,Calingasta-Uspallata Basin,Western Argentina

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第4期15卷 61-77页

作者： J.R.Malone J.E.Malone J.L.Isbell D.h.Malone J.P.Craddock K.n.Pauls Department of Geological Sciences Jackson School of GeosciencesUniversity of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA Iowa Geological Survey University of IowaIowa CityIA 52240USA Department of Geosciences University of Wisconsin-MilwaukeeMilwaukeeWI 53211USA Department of Geography Geology and the EnvironmentIllinois State UniversityNormalIL 61790-4400USA

The Late Paleozoic Ice Age(LPIA)was a principal control of sedimentation across Gondwana from the late Devonian through early *** assess the hypothesis that glacial to interglacial transitions in western Argentina were the primary control influencing sediment routing patterns among the various Carboniferous-Permian basins in western *** Carboniferous Ansilta Formation consists of glaciomarine,nearshore,and fluvial systems deposited during the LPIA along the eastern margin of the Calingasta-Uspallata Basin in *** lower,glacially influenced succession of the Ansilta Formation records at least five glacial advances;the upper succession of consists of progradational shallow marine,deltaic,and fluvial *** combine 1225 new U-Pb zircon ages from six samples of the Carboniferous Ansilta Formation in the Calingasta-Uspallata Basin with 5864 U-Pb ages from 147 pub-lished samples in the detrital Pymix forward mixture model to characterize provenance *** the glacially influenced lower Ansilta Formation,sediment was derived locally from the Protoprecordillera,which was a prominent highland with alpine glaciers flowing west and east into the Calingasta-Uspallata and Paganzo basins,***,there was little or no connection between these two basins during Serpukhovian-Bashkirian *** fluvial/deltaic upper Ansilta had distal sediment sources in the Sierras ***,our results support the collapse of the Protoprecordillera topographic barrier,enabling drainage patterns connecting the Paganzo and Calingasta-Uspallata basins by late Pennsylvanian-early Permian time.

关键词： Late Paleozoic Ice Age Argentina Calingasta-Uspallata Basin Ansilta Formation Detrital zircon provenance

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Radiation-associated epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma among five secondary malignancies: A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2018年第8期9卷 200-207页

作者： Mohamed h Khattab Alexander D Sherry Carolyn G Ahlers austin n Kirschner Department of Radiation Oncology Vanderbilt University Medical Center Vanderbilt University School of Medicine

BACKGROUnD Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a rare, low-grade, malignant tumor that constitutes less than one percent of all salivary gland tumors. To date, only one other case report has described radiation-associated EMC in the English language medical *** SUMMARY In this report, we describe the case of a 56-year-old male patient who presented with a neck mass diagnosed as EMC of the left submandibular gland approximately 30 years after mantle field radiation and chemotherapy for hodgkin lymphoma. Treatment included resection, re-resection with nodal dissection, and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. This patient was also diagnosed with 4 other secondary malignancies, including stage IV diffuse large B cell lymphoma in the abdomen with subsequent brain metastases, low-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung, hurthle cell adenoma, and small B cell lymphoma before the patient expired. This case provides important information regarding the pathology, clinical sequelae, and management of a patient diagnosed with radiation-associated EMC amidst four concurrent *** Further investigation is needed on the efficacy of adjuvant radiotherapy in EMC,especially atypical EMC.

关键词： Secondary malignancy Radiation-associated malignancy Epithelialmyoepithelial carcinoma Cancer survivorship Case report

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Is the propensity to emit alarm calls associated with health status?

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Current Zoology 2020年第6期66卷 607-614页

作者： austin L.nash Alexandra h.M.Jebb Daniel T.BLUMSTEIn Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado265 UCBBoulderCO 80309USA School of Biological Sciences University of AberdeenZoology BuildingTillydrone AvenueAberdeenAB242TZUK The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory Box 519 Crested ButteCO 81224USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California621 Young Drive SouthLos AngelesCA 90095-1606USA

The production and structure of animal signals may depend on an individual's health status and may provide more than one type of information to *** alarm calls are not typically viewed as health condition dependent,recent studies have suggested that their structure,and possibly their propensity to be emitted,depends on an individual,s health condition and *** asked whether the propensity of yellow-bellied marmots(Marmota flaviventer)to emit calls is influen ced by their immuno logical or parasite status,by quantifying both trap-elicited and n atural calling rates as a function of their neutrophil-to-lymphocyte(nL)ratio,the presence of a blood borne trypanosome,and the presenee of several intestinal parasites(Eimeria sp.,Entamoeba sp.,and Ascaris sp.).We fitted mixed effects models to determine if the health measures we collected were associated with the probability of calling in a trap and with annual rates of natural alarm *** infected with a blood-borne trypanosome were marginally more likely to call naturally and when trapped,while those infected with the intestinal parasite Ascaris were less likely to call when *** ratio was not directly associated with in-trap calling probability,but males were more likely to call when they had higher nL ***,health conditions,such as parasite infection and immune system activation,can modulate the production of alarm signals and potentially provide in formation to both predators and prey about the caller's *** experiments are required to confirm if receivers use such information.

关键词： alarm calling animal communication antipredator behavior condition dependenee immune function parasites

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DEGREE OF APPROXIMATIOn BY SUPERPOSITIOnS OF A SIGMOIDAL FUnCTIOn

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Analysis in Theory and Applications 1993年第3期9卷 17-28页

作者： Chen Debao (University of Texas at austin,USA) Department of Mathematics University of Texas at Austin Austin U.S.A.

In this paper we study the degree of approximation by superpositions of a sigmoidal *** mainly consider the univariate *** f is a continuous function,we prove that for any bounded sigmoidal function σ,d_(n,σ)(f)≤‖σ‖ω(f,1/(n+1)).For the heaviside function h(x),we prove that d_(n,h)(f)≤ω(f,1/(2(n+1))). If f is a continuous funnction of bounded variation,we prove that d_(n,σ)(f)≤‖σ‖/(n+1)V(f)and d_(n,h)(f)≤ 1/(2(n+1))V(f).For he heaviside function,the coefficient 1 and the approximation orders are the best *** compare these results with the classical Jackson and Bernstein theorems,and make some conjec- tures for further study.

关键词： DEGREE OF APPROXIMATIOn BY SUPERPOSITIOnS OF A SIGMOIDAL FUnCTIOn

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novel self-assembled two-dimensional layered oxide structure incorporated with Au nanoinclusions towards multifunctionalities

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nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 1465-1472页

作者： Di Zhang Xingyao Gao Juanjuan Lu Ping Lu Julia Deitz Jianan Shen hongyi Dou Zihao he Zhongxia Shang C.austin Wade Xinghang Zhang Aiping Chen haiyan Wang School of Materials Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Center for Integrated nanotechnologies(CInT) Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM 87545USA Sandia national Laboratories AlbuquerqueNM 87185USA School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Thermo Fisher Scientific HillsboroOR 97124USA

Two-dimensional(2D)layered oxides have recently attracted wide attention owing to the strong coupling among charges,spins,lattice,and strain,which allows great flexibility and opportunities in structure designs as well as multifunctionality *** parallel,plasmonic hybrid nanostructures exhibit exotic localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)providing a broad range of applications in nanophotonic devices and sensors.A hybrid material platform combining the unique multifunctional 2D layered oxides and plasmonic nanostructures brings optical tuning into the new *** this work,a novel self-assembled Bi2MoO6(BMO)2D layered oxide incorporated with plasmonic Au nanoinclusions has been demonstrated via one-step pulsed laser deposition(PLD)*** microstructural characterizations,including scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM),differential phase contrast imaging(DPC),and STEM tomography,have demonstrated the high epitaxial quality and particle-in-matrix morphology of the BMO-Au nanocomposite ***-STEM imaging clarifies the magnetic domain structures of BMO *** different BMO structures including layered supercell(LSC)and superlattices have been revealed which is attributed to the variable strain states throughout the BMO-Au *** to the combination of plasmonic Au and layered structure of BMO,the nanocomposite film exhibits a typical LSPR in visible wavelength region and strong anisotropy in terms of its optical and ferromagnetic *** study opens a new avenue for developing novel 2D layered complex oxides incorporated with plasmonic metal or semiconductor phases showing great potential for applications in multifunctional nanoelectronics devices.

关键词： layered oxides plasmonic strain anisotropy multifunctionality

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Promise and pitfalls of modeling grassland soil moisture in a free-air CO_(2) enrichment experiment(BioCOn)using the ShAW model

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Pedosphere 2021年第5期31卷 783-795页

作者： Raquel h.FLInKER M.Bayani CARDEnAS Todd G.CALDWELL Gerald n.FLERChInGER Roy RICh Peter B.REICh Department of Geological Sciences The University of Texas at AustinAustin 78712(USA) Bureau of Economic Geology The University of Texas at AustinAustin 78713(USA) Agricultural Research Service United States Department of AgricultureBoise 83712(USA) Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Edgewater 20137(USA) Department of Forest Resources University of MinnesotaSt.Paul 55108(USA) hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney UniversitySydney 2753(Australia)

Free-air carbon dioxide(CO_(2))enrichment(FACE)experiments provide an opportunity to test models of heat and water flow under novel,controlled situations and eventually allow use of these models for hypothesis *** study assesses whether the United States Department of Agriculture ShAW(Simultaneous heat and Water)numerical model of vertical one-dimensional soil water flow across the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum is able to adequately represent and explain the effects of increasing atmospheric CO_(2) on soil moisture dynamics in temperate *** in a FACE experiment,the Bio COn(Biodiversity,CO_(2),and nitrogen)experiment,in Minnesota,USA,were compared with results of vertical soil moisture *** scenarios represented by different plots were assessed:bare,vegetated with ambient CO_(2),and similarly vegetated with high CO_(2).From the simulations,the bare plot soil was generally the wettest,followed by a drier high-CO_(2) vegetated plot,and the ambient CO_(2) plot was the *** ShAW simulations adequately reproduced the expected behavior and showed that vegetation and atmospheric CO_(2) concentration significantly affected soil moisture *** differences in modeled soil moisture amongst the plots were largely due to transpiration,which was low with high CO_(2).however,the modeled soil moisture only modestly reproduced the ***,while ShAW is able to replicate and help broadly explain soil moisture dynamics in a FACE experiment,its application for point-and time-specific simulations of soil moisture needs further *** typical design of a FACE experiment makes the experimental observations challenging to model with a one-dimensional distributed *** addition,FACE instrumentation and monitoring will need improvement in order to be a useful platform for robust model *** after this can we recommend that models such as ShAW are adequate for process interpretation of datasets from FACE exp

关键词： carbon dioxide FACE experiment soil water flow vadose zone vegetation

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Identification of Global DnA Methylation Signatures in Glioblastoma-Derived Cancer Stem Cells

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2015年第7期42卷 355-371页

作者： Eun-Joon Lee Prakash Rath Jimei Liu Dungsung Ryu Lirong Pei Satish K.noonepalle austin Y.Shull Qi Feng n.Scott Litofsky Douglas C.Miller Douglas C.Anthony Mark D.Kirk John Laterra Libin Deng hong-Bo Xin Xinguo Wang Jeong-hyeon Choi huidong Shi GRU Cancer Center Georgia Regents University Department of Biology College of Art and SciencesUniversity of Missouri Office of In Vitro Diagnostics and Radiological health Center for Devices and Radiological HealthFood and Drug Administration Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Georgia Regents University Division of neurological Surgery University of Missouri School of Medicine Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences University of Missouri School of Medicine Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Brown University and Lifespan Academic Medical Center Department of neurology The Hugo W.Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger Inc.and The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Institute of Translational Medicine Nanchang University David h.Murdock Research Institute Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Georgia Regents University

Glioblastoma （GBM） is the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. The existence of a small population of stem-like tumor cells that efficiently propagate tumors and resist cytotoxic therapy is one proposed mechanism leading to the resilient behavior of tumor cells and poor prognosis. In this study, we performed an in-depth analysis of the DnA methylation landscape in GBM- derived cancer stem ceils （GSCs）. Parallel comparisons of primary tumors and GSC lines derived from these tumors with normal controls （a neural stem cell （nSC） line and normal brain tissue） identified groups of hyper- and hypomethylated genes that display a trend of either increasing or decreasing methylation levels in the order of controls, primary GBMs, and their counterpart GSC lines, respectively. Interestingly, concurrent promoter hypermethylation and gene body hypomethylation were observed in a subset of genes including MGMT, AJAP1 and PTPRn2. These unique DnA methylation signatures were also found in primary GBM-derived xenograft tumors indicating that they are not tissue culture-related epigenetic changes. Integration of GSC-specific epigenetic signatures with gene expression analysis further identified candidate tumor suppressor genes that are frequently down-regulated in GBMs such as SPInT2, nEFM and PEnK. Forced re-expression of SPInT2 reduced glioma cell proliferative capacity, anchorage independent growth, cell motility, and tumor sphere formation in vitro. The results from this study demonstrate that GSCs possess unique epigenetic signatures that may play important roles in the pathogenesis of GBM.

关键词： Glioblastoma Cancer stem cells DnA methylation SPInT2

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Genetic parameters of drinking and feeding traits of wean-to-finish pigs under a polymicrobial natural disease challenge

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第1期13卷 17-35页

作者： Jian Cheng austin M.Putz John C.S.harding Michael K.Dyck Frederic Fortin Graham S.Plastow Pig Gen Canada Jack C.M.Dekkers Department of Animal Science Iowa State UniversityAmesIA 50011USA hendrix Genetics Swine Business UnitBoxmeerThe Netherlands 5831CK Department of Large Animal Clinical Science University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5A2Canada Department of Agriculture Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2R3Canada Centre de Developpement du Porc du Quebec Inc. Quebec City G1V 4M6Canada PigGen Canada Research Consortium GuelphOntario N1H4G8Canada

Background:The pork industry faces unprecedented challenges from disease,which increases cost of production and use of antibiotics,and reduces production efficiency,carcass quality,and animal *** solution is to improve the overall resilience of pigs to a broad array of common diseases through genetic *** changes in feeding and drinking are usually the very first clinical signs when animals are exposed to stressors such as *** in feeding and drinking behaviors in diseased pigs may reflect the way they cope with the challenge and,thus,could be used as indicator traits to select for disease *** objectives of this study were to estimate genetic parameters of feeding and drinking traits for wean-to-finish pigs in a natural polymicrobial disease challenge model,to estimate genetic correlations of feeding and drinking traits with growth rate and clinical disease traits,and to develop indicator traits to select for disease ***:In general,drinking traits had moderate to high estimates of heritability,especially average daily water dispensed,duration,and number of visits(0.44 to 0.58).Similar estimates were observed for corresponding feeding traits(0.35 to 0.51).Most genetic correlation estimates among drinking traits were moderate to high(0.30 to 0.92)and higher than among feeding traits(0 to 0.11).Compared to other drinking traits,water intake duration and number of visits had relatively stronger negative genetic correlation estimates with treatment rate and mortality,especially across the challenge nursery and finisher(−0.39 and−0.45 for treatment rate;−0.20 and−0.19 for mortality).Conclusion:Most of the recorded drinking and feeding traits under a severe disease challenge had moderate to high estimates of heritability,especially for feed or water intake duration and number of *** and genetic correlations among the recorded feeding traits under disease were generally low but drinking traits show

关键词： Disease resilience Feeding and drinking behavior Genetic parameters Pigs

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Protein profiles of enzymatically isolated rumen epithelium in sheep fed a fibrous diet

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第2期10卷 449-462页

作者： J.J.Bond A.J.Donaldson J.V.F.Coumans K.austin D.Ebert D.Wheeler V.h.Oddy nSW Department of Primary Industries Extensive Livestock Industry CentreUniversity of New EnglandTrevenna RdArmidaleNSW 2351Australia School of Rural Medicine University of New EnglandArmidaleNSW 2351Australia nSW Department of Primary Industries Orange Agricultural InstituteOrangeNSW 2800Australia.

Background: The rumen wall plays a major role in efficient transfer of digested nutrients in the rumen to peripheral tissues through the portal venous system. Some of these substrates are metabolised in the epithelium during this process. To identify the specific proteins involved in these processes, we used proteomic technologies. Protein extracts were prepared from ventral rumen tissue of six sheep fed a fibrous diet at 1.5× maintenance energy *** a newly developed method, we were able to enzymatically isolate the epithelial cells from underlying tissue layers, thus allowing cytosol and membrane fractions to be independently analysed using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC MS/MS).Results: Using our procedure we identified 570 epithelial proteins in the Ovis aries sequence database. Subcellular locations were largely cytosolic(n = 221) and extracellular(n = 85). however, a quarter of the proteins identified were assigned to the plasma membrane or organelle membranes, some of which transport nutrients and metabolites. Of these 91 were transmembrane proteins(TMhMM), 27 had an n-terminal signal peptide(signalP) and TMhMM motif,13 had a glycosylphosphatidylinositol(GPI) anchor and signalP sequence, 67 had beta(β) strands or 17 β strands and a transit peptide sequence, indicating the identified proteins were integral or peripheral membrane proteins. Subunits of the 5 protein complexes involved in mitochondrial cellular energy production were well represented. Structural proteins(15%), proteins involved in the metabolism of lipids and proteins(26%) and those with steroid or cytokine action were a feature of the ***: Our research has developed a procedure to isolate rumen epithelium proteins from the underlying tissue layers so that they may be profiled using proteomic technologies. The approach improves the number of proteins that can be profiled that are specific to the epithelium of the rumen wall. It provides new insights

关键词： Epithelium Metabolism nutrition Proteome Rumen Sheep

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