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A Novel Cascaded PID Controller for Automatic Generation Control Analysis With Renewable Sources

IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2019年第6期6卷 1438-1451页

作者： aurobindo behera Tapas Kumar Panigrahi PrakashK·Ray Arun Kumar Sahoo Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering International Institute of Information Technology BhubaneswarBhubaneswar 751003India Department of Electrical Engineering Parala Maharaja Engineering CollegeBiju Patnaik University of TechnologyRourkela 769015India Department of Electrical Engineering College of Engineering and TechnologyBiju Patnaik University of TechnologyRourkela 769015India

Present day power scenarios demand a high quality uninterrupted power supply and needs environmental issues to be addressed. Both concerns can be dealt with by the introduction of the renewable sources to the existing power system. Thus, automatic generation control(AGC) with diverse renewable sources and a modified-cascaded controller are presented in the paper.Also, a new hybrid scheme of the improved teaching learning based optimization-differential evolution(hITLBO-DE) algorithm is applied for providing optimization of controller parameters. A study of the system with a technique such as TLBO applied to a proportional integral derivative(PID), integral double derivative(IDD) and PIDD is compared to hITLBO-DE tuned cascaded controller with dynamic load change.The suggested methodology has been extensively applied to a 2-area system with a diverse source power system with various operation time non-linearities such as dead-band of, generation rate constraint and reheat thermal units. The multi-area system with reheat thermal plants, hydel plants and a unit of a wind-diesel combination is tested with the cascaded controller scheme with a different controller setting for each area. The variation of the load is taken within 1% to 5% of the connected load and robustness analysis is shown by modifying essential factors simultaneously by± 30%. Finally, the proposed scheme of controller and optimization technique is also tested with a 5-equal area thermal system with non-linearities. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed controller and algorithm under a dynamically changing load.

关键词： Automatic generation control(AGC) cascaded controller hybrid improved teaching learning based optimization-differential evolution(hITLBO-DE) algorithm integral of square time multiplied by square error(ISTSE)

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Metropolitan Housing Development in Urban Fringe Areas-A Case Study of Three Metropolitan Cities of South Africa: Johannesburg, Ekurhuleni and Tshwane

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2024年第5期18卷 244-253页

作者： aurobindo Ogra Department of Town and Regional Planning Faculty of Engineering and the Built EnvironmentUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburg 2006South Africa

Purpose:The metropolitan cities of Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane play an important role in the economy of the Gauteng province in South Africa.The region constitutes to 22.4 percent of the total population of South Africa and has a strong presence and contributes in areas of manufacturing sector,financial and business services,retail and wholesale trade,etc.The rapid urban population,increase in the informal settlements and socio-economic opportunities has resulted in considerable urban sprawl in and around the urban fringe areas of these metropolitan cities.The urban fringe areas of these metros often come under the influence of rapid urbanization process and pressures.Coupled with the economical and potential land dynamics and lack of priority of spatial development guidelines,these areas attract rapid and haphazard development from communities and developers.Research Design/Methodology:This research is based on a qualitative approach through a comprehensive literature review that included content analysis of key documents on housing sector such as IDPs(Integrated Development Plans),Municipal Annual Reports,Growth Development Strategies,and among other sectoral documents on housing sector.Some of the key priority issues considered in the housing sector included:eradication of housing backlogs,spatial restructuring of housing,provision of choice in terms of location,tenure and housing typology.Findings:The current paper discusses the approaches of metropolitan housing development processes in three metropolitan cities of South Africa from Gauteng region,namely:Johannesburg,Ekurhuleni and Tshwane.The paper discusses the existing housing sectoral scenario along with the fringe areas in three cities with focus on:formal and informal settlements,housing segregation and the backlogs,current institutional arrangements,role of public private participation,and scope for alternate mechanisms.The paper concludes in discussion on sustainable development options for housing development in urban fringe areas.

关键词： Metropolitan housing development urban fringe areas housing backlog informal settlements urban poor land dynamics housing infrastructure PPP(public private partnership)

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瑜伽论

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作者： aurobindo 阿罗频多

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作者： aurobindo 阿罗频多

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瑜珈的基础

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1998年

作者：（印）阿罗频多（aurobindo Ghosh）梵澄译

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Isolated Full Thickness Jejunal Necrosis Following Sulphuric Acid Cocktail Ingestion – A Clinical Case Report—Isolated Corrosive Jejunal Necrosis

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Surgical Science 2011年第6期2卷 338-340页

作者： S. S. Pankaja George J. Valooran Sri aurobindo Prasad Das L. Suvasini R. Aravind Vikram Kate Pankaj Kundra 不详

Isolated involvement of the lower gastrointestinal tract with relative sparing of the oesophagus and the stomach is extremely rare following corrosive agent ingestion. We report a case of isolated full thickness jejunal necrosis following sulphuric acid cocktail ingestion. A 42 year old man presented with history of consuming 200ml of sulphuric acid mixed with alcohol, with suicidal intent. On exploration there were multiple, full thickness necrotic areas in the proximal jejunum with minimal congestion of the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum. Inversion of the jejunal necrotic areas with feeding jejunostomy was carried out. However postoperatively patient developed progressive pulmonary insufficiency with features of sepsis and expired on the nineteenth day following a bout of massive haematemesis. Corrosive agents when taken in considerable amount mixed with other fluids can lead to full thickness small bowel necrosis with relative sparing of the proximal gastrointestinal tract.

关键词： Corrosive Injury Acid Ingestion Bowel Necrosis

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