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Risk of imported malaria infections in Zanzibar: a cross-sectional study

Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第4期12卷 100-100页

作者： Bakar S.Fakih aurel holzschuh Amanda Ross Logan Stuck Ramadhan Abdul Abdul-Wahid H.Al-Mafazy Imani Irema Abdallah Mbena Sumaiyya G.Thawer Shija J.Shija Safia M.Aliy Abdullah Ali Günther Fink Joshua Yukich Manuel W.Hetzel Ifakara Health Institute Dar es Salaam Tanzania Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Allschwil Switzerland University of Basel Basel Switzerland Department of Biological Sciences Eck Institute for Global Health University of Notre Dame Notre Dame USA Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine New Orleans USA Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development Amsterdam Netherlands Zanzibar Malaria Elimination Programme Zanzibar United Republic of Tanzania

BackgroundZanzibar has made substantial progress in malaria control with vector control, improved diagnosis, and artemisinin-based combination therapy. Parasite prevalence in the population has remained around 1% but imported infections from mainland Tanzania contribute to sustained local transmission. Understanding travel patterns between mainland Tanzania and Zanzibar, and the risk of malaria infection, may help to control malaria importation to Zanzibar.MethodsA rolling cross-sectional survey linked to routine reactive case detection of malaria was carried out in Zanzibar between May 2017 and October 2018. Households of patients diagnosed with malaria at health facilities were surveyed and household members were tested for malaria using rapid diagnostic tests and a sub-sample by quantitative PCR (qPCR). Interviews elicited a detailed travel history of all household members who had travelled within the past two months, including trips within and outside of Zanzibar. We estimated the association of malaria infection with travel destinations in pre-defined malaria endemicity categories, trip duration, and other co-variates using logistic regression.ResultsOf 17,891 survey participants, 1177 (7%) reported a recent trip, of which 769 (65%) visited mainland Tanzania. Among travellers to mainland Tanzania with travel destination details and a qPCR result available, 241/378 (64%) reported traveling to districts with a ‘high’ malaria endemicity and for 12% the highest endemicity category was ‘moderate’. Travelers to the mainland were more likely to be infected with malaria parasites (29%, 108/378) than those traveling within Zanzibar (8%, 16/206) or to other countries (6%, 2/17). Among travellers to mainland Tanzania, those visiting highly endemic districts had a higher odds of being qPCR-positive than those who travelled only to districts where malaria-endemicity was classified as low or very low (adjusted odd ratio = 7.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.9–25.5). Among travellers to the mainland, 110/378 (29%) never or onl

关键词： Malaria Importation Travel Zanzibar Tanzania Elimination

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Hepatic Alarmins and Mitochondrial Dysfunction under Residual Hyperlipidemic Stress Lead to Irreversible NAFLD

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第2期11卷 284-294页

作者： Luminita Ivan Elena Uyy Viorel I.Suica Raluca M.Boteanu aurel Cerveanu-Hogas Rune Hansen Felicia Antohe Department of Proteomics Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology“Nicolae Simionescu”of the Romanian AcademyBucharestRomania Department of Health Research SINTEF DigitalTrondheimNorway Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway

Background and Aims:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)includes a range of progressive disorders generated by excess lipid accumulation in the liver leading to hepatic steatosis and eventually fibrosis.We aimed to identify by high performance mass spectrometry-based proteomics the main signaling pathways and liver proteome changes induced by hypercholesterolemia in a rabbit atherosclerotic model that induced high accumulation of lipids in the liver.Methods:The effect of combined lipid-lowering drugs(statins and anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibody)were used after the interruption of the hypercholesterolemic diet to identify also the potential mediators,such as alarmins,responsible for the irreversible NAFLD build up under the hyperlipidemic sustained stress.Results:Proteomic analysis revealed a number of proteins whose abundance was altered.They were components of metabolic pathways including fatty-acid degradation,glycolysis/gluconeogenesis,and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Mitochondrial dysfunction indicated alteration at the mitochondrial respiratory chain level and down-regulation of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase.The expression of a majority of cytochromes(P4502E1,b5,and c)were up-regulated by lipid-lowering treatment.Long-term hyperlipidemic stress,even with a low-fat diet and lipid-lowering treatment,was accompanied by alarmin release(annexins,galectins,HSPs,HMGB1,S100 proteins,calreticulin,and fibronectin)that generated local inflammation and induced liver steatosis and aggressive fibrosis(by high abundance of galectin 3,fibronectin,and calreticulin).Conclusions:The novel findings of this study were related to the residual effects of hyperlipidemic stress with consistent,combined lipid-lowering treatment with statin and inhibitor of PCSK9.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Atherosclerosis Proteomic Alarmins Fibrosis

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The ‘Urban Elements'method for teaching parametric urban design to professionals

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2018年第4期7卷 573-587页

作者： aurel yon Richthofen Katja Knecht Yufan Miao Reinhard Konig ETH Zurich Future Cities Laboratory SingaporeSingapore-ETH CentreSingapore Bauhaus University Weimar Belvederer Allee 199423 WeimarGermany Austrian Institute of Technology Vienna TECHbase ViennaGiefinggasse 21210 ViennaAustria

The article proposes a method for teaching advanced urban design to working professionals in Singapore. The article aims to expand the discourse on parametric urban design education by introducing ‘Urban Elements’ as conceptual urban design instruments with an inherent rule-based logic, which can help to bridge gaps in teaching parametric urban design thinking. As case study we present a course developed for and delivered to the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) in Singapore in 2017 by the Future Cities Laboratory at the Singapore-ETH Centre. The article reports on the pedagogical method, course results and course feedback. The main difficulties of teaching professionals in parametric urban design are described and possible reasons and improvements are discussed. The results show that participants using the ‘Urban Elements’ method successfully linked theoretical input to urban design problems, applied evidence-based urban design strategies to these problems, and developed parametric definitions to explore the solution spaces of these urban design challenges. The teaching methodology presented opens up a new research field for urban design pedagogy at the intersection of explicating urban design intent, integrating multidisciplinary knowledge and exploring new software driven tools.

关键词： Urban design education Parametric urban design Singapore Urban Elements

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Antimicrobial Stewardship: Knowledge and Attitudes of Pharmacy Staff on Antibiotic Dispensing Patterns, Use and Resistance in Benin

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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2023年第6期14卷 189-214页

作者： aurel Constant Allabi Areine Gracidie Agbo Bawa Boya Steward Mudenda Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Abomey-Calavi and Teaching Hospital of Abomey-Calavi/S&#244-Ava Abomey-Calavi Benin Laboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Department of Pharmacy School of Health Sciences University of Zambia Lusaka Zambia

Background: One of the key drivers for the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is non-prudent antibiotic use, which results in selection pressure toward relevant bacteria. Pharmacy staffs have pivotal roles in facilitating the prudent use of antibiotics through antimicrobial stewardship programs. Due to limited information in Benin, this study assessed the knowledge and attitudes of pharmacy staffs on antibiotic use and resistance. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 159 pharmacy staffs using a structured questionnaire from August 2018 to December 2018 in Benin. Data analysis was done by using Stata version 13.0. Results: Of the 159 participants, 54.8% knew the definition of antibiotic therapy and 66.9% knew the definition of probabilistic antibiotic therapy. The majority (88.1%) of the participants thought that the choice of antibiotics was made according to the pathology, while 60.4% thought that it depended on the pathology and the germ involved. 49.02% of dispensers in pharmacies stated that half of the patients had requested treatment without providing a prescription at the pharmacy. The top three antibiotics that were dispensed without a prescription include amoxicillin (98.1%), cloxacillin (76.7%) and metronidazole (57.2%), all from the Access group of antibiotics. Conclusion: These results underscore the need for educational and training interventions targeting specific professional groups. There is an urgent need for regulatory measures and public awareness through improved antimicrobial stewardship to limit this practice.

关键词： Antibiotic Resistance Antimicrobial Resistance Antimicrobial Stewardship Attitudes Benin Knowledge Perceptions Pharmacists West Africa

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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Erectile Dysfunction in Diabetic Patients at the National University Hospital Center Hubert Koutoukou Maga in Cotonou

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2023年第3期13卷 239-247页

作者： Annelie Kerekou Hode Hubert Alihonou Dedjan aurel Mazaman-Esso Lantokpode Department of Endocrinology Metabolism Nutrition CNHU-HKM Cotonou Bénin Department of Internal Medicine CNHU-HKM Cotonou Bénin

Erectile dysfunction was one of the most common complications in diabetic patients. According to several studies, its prevalence was two to three times higher in diabetics than in the general population. But it has often been overlooked despite the fact that it seriously affects the quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of erectile dysfunction and its associated factors in diabetics’ patients. This was a cross-sectional analysis study of 76 male diabetic patients who consulted by the Department of Endocrinology from June 22, 2019 to September 25, 2019. Erectile dysfunction was diagnosed by calculating the IIEF score. Statistical comparisons were made between patients without and with Erectile dysfunction chi-square test with a significance level p Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of erectile dysfunction in diabetics. Significant concomitant factors were hypertension, diabetes imbalance and the duration of diabetes. It was, therefore, important to include systematic screening for erectile dysfunction at least annually, as well as other complications of diabetes.

关键词： Erectile Dysfunction Diabetes Diabetes Imbalance High Blood Pressure Bénin

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Hybrid magnetic resonance and optoacoustic tomography(MROT) for preclinical neuroimaging

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第12期11卷 2961-2971页

作者： Zhenyue Chen Irmak Gezginer Mark-aurel Augath Wuwei Ren Yu-Hang Liu Ruiqing Ni Xose Luis Dean-Ben Daniel Razansky Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland Institute for Biomedical Engineering Department of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland Zurich Neuroscience Center(ZNZ) ZurichSwitzerland

Multi-modal imaging is essential for advancing our understanding of brain function and unraveling pathophysiological processes underlying neurological and psychiatric disorders.Magnetic resonance(MR)and optoacoustic(OA)imaging have been shown to provide highly complementary contrasts and capabilities for preclinical neuroimaging.True integration between these modalities can thus offer unprecedented capabilities for studying the rodent brain in action.We report on a hybrid magnetic resonance and optoacoustic tomography(MROT)system for concurrent noninvasive structural and functional imaging of the mouse brain.Volumetric OA tomography was designed as an insert into a high-field MR scanner by integrating a customized MR-compatible spherical transducer array,an illumination module,and a dedicated radiofrequency coil.A tailored data processing pipeline has been developed to mitigate signal crosstalk and accurately register image volumes acquired with T1-weighted,angiography,and blood oxygenation level-dependent(BOLD)sequences onto the corresponding vascular and oxygenation data recorded with the OA modality.We demonstrate the concurrent acquisition of dual-mode anatomical and angiographic brain images with the scanner,as well as real-time functional readings of multiple hemodynamic parameters from animals subjected to oxygenation stress.Our approach combines the functional and molecular imaging advantages of OA with the superb soft-tissue contrast of MR,further providing an excellent platform for cross-validation of functional readings by the two modalities.

关键词： scanner resonance illumination

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Neuroinflammation and comorbidities are frequently ignored factors in CNS pathology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第9期10卷 1349-1355页

作者： Raluca Elena Sandu Ana Maria Buga Adriana Uzoni Eugen Bogdan Petcu aurel Popa-Wagner Center of Clinical and Experimental Research University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova Department of Psychiatry University of Medicine Rostock Biochemistry Department University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes" Timisoara Griffith University School of Medicine Regenerative Medicine Centre

Virtually all drug interventions that have been successful pre-clinically in experimental stroke have failed to prove their efficacy in a dinical setting. This could be partly explained by the complexity and heterogeneity of human diseases as well as the associated co-morbidities which may render neuroprotective drugs less efficacious in dinical practice. One aspect of crucial importance in the physiopathology of stroke which is not completely understood is neuroinflammation. At the pres- ent time, it is becoming evident that subtle, but continuous neuroinflammation can provide the ground for disorders such as cerebral small vessel disease. Moreover, advanced aging and a number of highly prevalent risk factors such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes and atherosclerosis could act as ＂silent contributors＂ promoting a chronic proinflammatory state. This could aggravate the out- come of various pathological entities and can contribute to a number of subsequent post-stroke complications such as dementia, depression and neurodegeneration creating a pathological vicious cycle. Moreover, recent data suggests that the inflammatory process might be dosely linked with multiple neurodegenerative pathways related to depression. In addition, pro-inflammatory cyto- kines could play a central role in the pathophysiology of both depression and dementia.

关键词： aging stroke neuroinflammation comorbidities depression dementia

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Optimization of the Chemical Composition of Cast Iron Used for Casting Ball Bearing Grinding Disks

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第2期13卷 164-169页

作者： aurel Crisan Sorin Ion Munteanu Ioan Ciobanu Iulian Riposan Department of Materials Science and Engineering Transilvania University Department of Materials Science and Engineering Politehnica University

The chemical composition of cast iron used for casting ball bearing machining disks was varied to optimize the properties such as castability, hardenability, and durability in ball machining. The cast iron characteristics were most strongly dependent on the Ni content and the carbon saturation degree, So. This paper describes the types of test specimens, the working conditions, and the experimental results. The increase of the degree of carbon saturation reduces the tendency to form shrinkholes in the castings. The decrease in the Ni content negatively affects the final hardening treatment. A way to control solidification defects in cast iron, by reducing the Ni content, has been verified on cast disks.

关键词： cast iron micro-shrinkhole shrinkage shape factor solidification

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Multimodality treatment strategies have changed prognosis of peritoneal metastases

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2016年第1期8卷 67-82页

作者： corneliu lungoci aurel ion mironiuc valentin muntean traian oniu hubert leebmann max mayr pompiliu piso department of surgery "iuliu htieganu"university of medicine and pharmacy cluj-napoca400015 Cluj-NapocaCluj ProvinceRomania clinic of visceral and general surgery krankenhaus barmherzige bruederacademic teaching hospitals of the university regensburgBavaria ProvinceGermany

For a long time, treatment of peritoneal metastases(PM) was mostly palliative and thus, this status was link with "terminal status/despair". The current multimodal treatment strategy, consisting of cytoreductive surgery(CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC), has been strenuously achieved over time, but seems to be the best treatment option for PM patients. As we reviewed the literature data, we could emphasize some milestones and also, controversies in the history of proposed multimodal treatment and thus, outline the philosophy of this approach, which seems to be an unusual one indeed. Initially marked by nihilism and fear, but benefiting from a remarkable joint effort of human and material resources(multi-center and-institutional research), over a period of 30 years, CRS and HIPEC found their place in the treatment of PM. The next 4 years were dedicated to the refinement of the multimodal treatment, by launching research pathways. In selected patients, with requires training, it demonstrated a significant survival results(similar to the Hepatic Metastases treatment), with acceptable risks and costs. The main debates regarding CRS and HIPEC treatment were based on the oncologists' perspective and the small number of randomized clinical trials. It is important to statement the PM patient has the right to be informed of the existence of CRS and HIPEC, as a real treatment resource, the decision being made by multidisciplinary teams.

关键词： Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy Peritonectomy procedures Systemic chemotherapy Peritoneal metastases Survival

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Dietary habits, lifestyle factors and neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第3期15卷 394-400页

作者： aurel Popa-Wagner Dinu Iuliu Dumitrascu Bogdan Capitanescu Eugen Bogdan Petcu Roxana Surugiu Wen-Hui Fang Danut-Adrian Dumbrava Griffith University School of Medicine Gold Coast CampusQLDAustralia Department of Anatomy UMF“Iuliu Hatieganu”Cluj-NapocaRomania Department of Human Anatomy Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Medicine and PharmacyCraiovaRomania Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Medicine and PharmacyCraiovaRomania School of Healthcare Science Faculty of Science and EngineeringManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK

Worldwide stroke is increasing in parallel with modernization,changes in lifestyle,and the growing elderly population.Our review is focused on the link between diet,as part of‘modern lifestyle’,and health in the context of genetic predisposition of individuals to‘unhealthy’metabolic pathway activity.It is concluded that lifestyle including high sugar diets,alcohol and tobacco addiction or high fat diets as well as ageing,brain injury,oxidative stress and neuroinflammation,negatively influence the onset,severity and duration of neurodegenerative diseases.Fortunately,there are several healthy dietary components such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and the anti-oxidants curcumin,resveratrol,blueberry polyphenols,sulphoraphane,salvionic acid as well as caloric restriction and physical activity,which may counteract ageing and associated neurodegenerative diseases via increased autophagy or increased neurogenesis in the adult brain.

关键词： brain injury dietary habits lifestyle metaflammation neurodegeneration oxidative stress type 2 diabetes mellitus

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