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Microphysical and Dynamical Climatology of Precipitating Systems Inferred by Weather Radar Polarimetric Measurements in Brazil

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2022年第2期12卷 74-93页

作者： augusto josé pereira filho Felipe Vemado Departamento de Ciê ncias Atmosféricas Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ci&#234 ncias Atmosféricas Universidade de Sã o Paulo S&#227 o Paulo Brazil

This work presents the climatology of the microphysics and the dynamics of weather systems in two coastal areas of São Paulo and the Espírito States at high spatial-temporal resolution as measured by two dual Doppler weather radars during the summer and early fall of 2015. Averages and respective standard deviations of polarimetric variables, namely, reflectivity (Z), differential reflectivity (ZDR), differential phase (ϕDP), specific differential phase (KDP), copolar correlation coefficient (ρoHV), radial velocity (Vr), and the spectral width (W) were obtained within a 240-km range on plan position indicator (PPI), constant altitude plan position indicator (CAPPI) and vertical cross-sections to analyze overall horizontal and vertical precipitation microphysics and mesoscale circulation of prevailing weather systems, and their peculiarities over coastal and oceanic, and urban and rural areas. Overall, raindrops tend to be larger over the Metropolitan area of São Paulo from the surface to up to 6 km altitude indicating more vigorous updrafts caused by the heat island effect and the local sea breeze. The vertical microphysical structure is remarkably distinct over the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) where thunderstorms can reach 20-km altitude in summertime under sea breeze and heat island effects. On the other hand, there is a dominancy of smaller drop sizes though larger ones observed close to the surface by the coast of Espírito Santo and at the land-ocean interface influenced by the local low-level jet and oceanic-type CCN. Convective cells tend to be smaller associated with Easterlies and more organized with Westerlies. The results indicate distinct features on hydrometeor types and circulation characteristics under these different surface and boundary-layer conditions in close agreement with previous results in the literature.

关键词： Dual Doppler Weather RADAR Microphysics Climatology Atlantic Ocean

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Ocean Forcing on Titicaca Lake Water Volume

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2022年第1期12卷 1-10页

作者： Eleazar Chuchón Ângulo augusto josé pereira filho Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciências Atmosférica Universidade de S&#227 o Paulo S&#227 o Paulo Brasil

The time series of water level of Titicaca Lake (TL) was compared to the time series of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indexes between 1914 and 2014 and 1969 and 2014, monthly and daily, respectively. Results indicate TL water level decreased (increased) during positive (negative) PDO phases. ENSO positive (negative) phase results were similar. Positive (negative) PDO and ENSO phases yielded negative (positive) precipitation anomalies and concomitant decrease (increase) of TL water level. These long-term relationships among TL water levels and both oceanic indexes can be useful and prognostic.

关键词： PDO ENSO Titicaca Lake

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Looking at the Statistical Texture Approach Applied to Weather Radar Rainfall Fields

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2022年第1期14卷 29-39页

作者： Evaldo Araújo de Oliveira augusto josé pereira filho Department of Physics Federal University of Sao Paulo Diadema Brazil Department of Atmospheric Sciences University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil

Texture analysis methods have been used in a variety of applications, for instance in remote sensing. Though widely used in electrical engineering, its application in atmospheric sciences is still limited. This paper reviews some concepts of digital texture and statistical texture approach, applying them to a set of specific maps to analyze the correlation between texture measurements used in most papers. It is also proposed an improvement of the method by setting free a distance parameter and the use of a new texture measurement based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence. Eight statistical measurements were used: mean, contrast, standard deviation, cluster shade, cluster prominence, angular second moment, local homogeneity and Shannon entropy. The above statistical measurements were applied to simple maps and a set of rainfall fields measured with weather radar. The results indicate some high correlations, e.g. between the mean and the contrast or between the angular second moment, local homogeneity and the Shannon entropy, besides the potentiality of the method to discriminate maps.

关键词： Image Classification Density Weather Maps Statistical Texture Approach

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Hydrometeorological Modeling of Limpopo River Basin in Mozambique with TOPMODEL and Remote Sensing

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2022年第2期12卷 55-73页

作者： Tomásio Eduardo Januário augusto josé pereira filho Marcos Figueiredo Salviano Department of Atmospheric Sciences Institute of Astronomy Geophysics and Atmospheric Sciences University of S&#227 o Paulo S&#227 o Paulo Brazil Geological Survey of Brazil S&#227 o Paulo Brazil

The Limpopo River basin (LRB) is known for its vulnerability to floods, high rates of evapotranspiration, and droughts that cause significant losses to the local community. The present study aimed to perform simulations of flood events occurring in two Mozambican sub-basins of LRB, namely Chókwè and Xai-Xai from 2000 to 2015 with TOPography-based hydrological MODEL (TOPMODEL) and satellite remote sensing data. As input in TOPMODEL, data from two high-resolution global satellite-based precipitation products: Climate Prediction Center MORPHing technique (CMORPH) and Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for the Global Precipitation Mission (GPM) algorithm (IMERG), 8-day MOD16 evapotranspiration product and surface runoff data estimated by Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS) were used. The sensitivity tests of TOPMODEL parameters were applied using the Monte Carlo simulation. Calibration and validation of the model were performed by the Shuffled Complex Evolution (SCE-UA) method and were evaluated with the Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE) index. The results indicated that simulations with the GPM-IMERG (KGE: 0.59 and 0.65) tended to underestimate the stream flows, while with the CMORPH product the performance was much better (KGE: 0.66 and 0.77) in both sub-basins. Thus, TOPMODEL can help to develop flood monitoring systems from satellite remotely sensed data in similar regions of Mozambique.

关键词： Floods Simulations Limpopo River TOPMODEL CMORPH IMERG

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Diurnal Cycle of Heating and Water Vapor in the Metropolitan Area of Porto in Portugal

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2022年第1期14卷 61-77页

作者： Hugo Abi Karam Jorge Fernando Soares Gonçalves augusto josé pereira filho Departamento de Meteorologia Instituto de Geociências Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IGEO-UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil IBERMETEO Coimbra Portugal Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas Universidade de S&#227 o Paulo (IAG-USP) S&#227 o Paulo Brazil

In this work, it is investigated the Urban Heat Island (UHI) using conservative thermodynamic variables observed by surface weather stations on the Metropolitan Area of Porto (Oporto) in Portugal, under adiabatic conditions at the surface. These conditions are usually present and associated with the development of a mixture layer into the diurnal Convective Boundary Layer (CBL), which residual layer in the late afternoon defines the initial state for the development of the nocturnal UHI. Both the spatial structure and temporal variation of potential temperature and specific humidity were considered, along the hours and days of the year, from a statistical point of view, resulting in hourly climatology. Details of the hourly evolution of the meteorological variables on the Oporto surface are presented and discussed. Results show a seasonal variation of the potential temperature up to 17°C throughout the year, which is associated with horizontal thermal gradients that can control and trigger mesoscale circulations such as sea-land, urban and valley-mountain breezes.

关键词： Metropolitan Area of Porto (Oporto) Climatology Urban Heat Island Development Urban Boundary Layer Mesoscale Atmospheric Circulations

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Statistical Analysis of Precipitation Extremes in São Francisco River Basin, Brazil

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2022年第2期12卷 383-408页

作者： Nayara Arroxelas dos Santos Siqueira Anderlan Henrique Batista Siqueira augusto josé pereira filho Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas Universidade de S&#227 o Paulo S&#227 o Paulo Brazil Instituto de Ciências Atmosféricas Universidade Federal de Alagoas Alagoas Brazil

This study comprises a climatology of the spatial variability of precipitation over the São Francisco River Basin (SFRB), characterized by its geographic heterogeneity. The different rainfall regimes in the region were analyzed through statistical and spectral analyses. Measured precipitation data, Pacific Decennial Climate indexes, ENSO, Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, Atlantic dipole, and the sunspot cycle over 65 years were used. The rainfall data were filtered and filled in using the regional weighting method. The spatial and temporal variability of precipitation along the SFRB is remarkable. A pattern was observed along with the time series of precipitation over the SFRB. The cluster analysis identified four homogeneous regions in the SFRB and explained 87.4% of the total variance of the average monthly rainfall of the 199 rain gauges. The Cross-wavelet analysis identified the relationship between the precipitation data series and the climatic indexes that are analyzed in this work.

关键词： Cross-Wavelet Statistical Analysis Hydrometeorology Climatology

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Convective Rainfall in Lake Victoria Watershed and Adjacent Equatorial Africa

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2021年第3期11卷 373-397页

作者： Felipe Vemado augusto josé pereira filho Departmento de Ciências Atmosféricas Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas Universidade de S&#227 o Paulo S&#227 o Paulo Brazil

An integrated satellite precipitation estimation dataset, namely, the Climate Prediction Center morphing method (CMORPH), was used to analyze precipitation regimes across Equatorial Africa between 3°S - 1°N and 24°E - 42°E from 2000 to 2014. This region includes the Rift Valley, part of the Congo Forest, and the Lake Victoria (LV) basin, the second largest lake in the area of the world. Hovmöller diagrams were obtained for all organized convective systems to estimate their spans, duration, and phase speeds. The analysi

关键词： Lake Victory Precipitation Deep Convection Diurnal Cycle CMORPH

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TOPMODEL Hydrometeorological Modeling with Rain Gauge Data Integrated by High-Resolution Satellite Estimates. A Case Study in MuriaéRiver Basin, Brazil

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2021年第3期11卷 486-507页

作者： Marcos Figueiredo Salviano augusto josé pereira filho Felipe Vemado Geological Survey of Brazil S&#227 o Paulo Brazil Departamento de Ciências Atmosféricas Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas Universidade de S&#227 o Paulo S&#227 o Paulo Brazil

This study consists of hydrological simulations of the Muriaé river watershed with the topography-based hydrological model (TOPMODEL) and available stream gauge and rain measurements between 2009 and 2013 for two subbasins, namely Carangola and Patrocínio do Muriaé. The simulations were carried out with the Climate Prediction Center morphing method (CMORPH) precipitation estimates and rain gauge measurements integrated into CM- ORPH by the Statistical Objective Analysis Scheme (SOAS). TOPMODEL calibration was performed with the shuffled complex evolution (SCE-UA) method with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE). The best overall results were obtained with CMORPH (NSE ~ 0.6) for both subbasins. The simulations with SOAS resulted in an NSE ~ 0.2. However, in an analysis of days with high- level stages, SOAS simulations resulted in a better hit rate (23%) compared to CMORPH (10%). CMORPH simulations underestimated the flows at the flood periods, which indicates the importance to use multi-sensor precipitation data. The results with TOPMODEL allow an estimate of future discharges, which allows for better planning of a flood warning system and discharge measurement schedule.

关键词： Hydrologic Model CMORPH Statistical Objective Analysis Scheme (SOAS) TOPMODEL Muriaé River

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On Thunderstorm Microphysics under Urban Heat Island, Sea Breeze, and Cold Front Effects in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo, Brazil

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2021年第3期11卷 614-643页

作者： Isidro Metódio Tuleni Johanes Ihadua augusto josé pereira filho Universidade de Sã o Paulo S&#227 o Paulo-Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas Rua do Mat&#227 o 1226 S&#227 o Paulo Brazil

This work discusses issues related to the impact of urbanization on the microphysical processes of precipitating systems associated with synoptic, mesoscale, and local scale systems. Among the issues addressed is the impact of urban heat island (UHI) in São Paulo city center and urban densification (UD) in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) on the microphysical, dynamic, and thermodynamic properties and distribution of precipitation and heavier rainfall from sea-breeze (SB) e cold-front (CF) combined during their space-time evolutions. For this purpose, it used four components: classification of hydrometeors with fuzzy logic, calculation of the raindrop diameters, an estimate of liquid water mass and ice mass from polarimetric-variables measured with dual-pola- rization X-band meteorolog

关键词： Weather Radar Fuzzy Logic Sea Breeze Urban Densification Hail Asymmetric Thunderstorm Configuration

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Hydrometeorology of Anthropogenic Erosion in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2021年第12期12卷 1234-1253页

作者： Maria del Carmen Sanz Lopez augusto josé pereira filho Jorge Luiz Diaz Pinaya Departamento de Ciências Atmosférica do Instituto de Astronomia Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas da Universidade de S&atilde o Paulo S&atilde o Paulo Brazil

Erosive processes play an important role in environmental degradation. Rain is the main erosive agent in the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo. This study characterized the erosion events caused by precipitation leveraging the accumulated daily precipitation estimate generated by the Climate Prediction Center Morphing Method (CMORPH) and integrating the surface telemetric network using the Statistical Objective Analysis method (SOAS). From the Civil Defense database, 400 events were identified in the Metropolitan region of Sao Paulo (MRSP) area between 2000 and 2013 and, of these, 3 were chosen to carry out meteorological and climatological analyses. In an initial observation, 58% of them were found to occur in summer. Two regions with the highest number of erosion events were observed, in the Serra do Mar and Serra da Cantareira. In the Serra do Mar core, the municipality of São Bernardo do Campo was the one with the greatest amount of erosion. Precipitation volumes were estimated for accumulations of 30 minutes, 1 day, 1 month, and 1 year. The results, from the 3 events, indicate accumulated precipitation in 30 minutes from 10 mm to 19.8 mm, daily from 30.8 mm to 69.5 mm, and 1 month from 369.7 mm to 742.5 mm, and 1 year (2010) from 1712.9 mm to 1961.8 mm. In these events, it was noted that there were heavy rains in December 2009 and January 2010. It was also noted that the CMORPH and SOAS identify the rain events found by the São Paulo meteorological radar. The meteorological analyzes of the events based on images from the São Paulo meteorological radar and the Meteosat-9 satellite indicate that the active precipitation systems are associated with cold fronts, instability lines, and isolated convection.

关键词： Hydrometeorology Anthropogenic Erosion CMORPH SOAS

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