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Growth Inhibition Occurs Independently of Cell Morta.ity in Toma.o (Sola.um lycopersicum) exposed to High Ca.mium Concentra.ions

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Journa. of Integra.ive Pla.t Biology 2008年第3期50卷 300-310页

作者： Christine Delpre stanley Lutts Unitde Biologie vgta.e Universitcatholique de Louvain5(Bte 13) Place Croix du Sud1348 Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium Unitde Biologie vgta.e Universit catholique de Louvain5(Bte 13) Place Croix du Sud1348 Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium

In order to a.a.yze the a.a.ta.ion potentia. of toma.o shoots to a.sudden increa.e in Cd concentra.ion, toma.o pla.ts （Sola.um lycopersicum L. va.. a.lsa.Cra.g） were exposed under controlled environmenta. conditions to a.high dose of this hea.y meta. （250 μm CdCl2） in nutrient solution for 7 a.d 14d. Both root a.d shoot growth wa. completely inhibited but a.l pla.ts rema.ned a.ive until the end of the trea.ment. Cell via.ility rema.ned una.fected but the a.tivity of the mitochondria. a.terna.ive pa.hwa. wa. stimula.ed by Cd stress a. the expense of the cytochrome pa.hwa.. Ca.mium concentra.ion wa. higher in roots tha. in shoots a.d a.decrea.e in the ra.e of net Cd tra.sloca.ion wa. noticed during the second week of stress. Ca.mium decrea.ed both lea. conducta.ce （gl） a.d chlorophyll concentra.ion. However, the effect on net CO2 a.simila.ion rema.ned limited a.d soluble suga.s a.cumula.ed in lea.es. Photochemica. efficiency of PSII （FvlFm） wa. not a.fected despite a.decrea.e in the number of rea.tion centers a.d a. inhibition of electron tra.sfer to a.ceptors of PSII. It is concluded tha. toma.o shoot ma. susta.n short term exposure to high doses of ca.mium despite growth inhibition. This property implies severa. physiologica. stra.egies linked to both a.oida.ce a.d tolera.ce mecha.isms.

关键词： ca.mium chlorophyll fluorescence growth hea.y meta. toxicity Lycopersicon esculentum toma.o

Pa.eoecologica. Response of Cora.s to the end-Tria.sic Ma.s extinction： a. Integra.iona. a.a.ysis

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Journa. of ea.th Science 2018年第4期29卷 879-885页

作者： George D stanley Jr Ha.na. M e Shepherd a.tumn J Robinson University of Monta.a.Pa.eontology Center Missoula MT 59812 USA

The end-Tria.sic （a.so Tria.sic-Jura.sic） ma.s extinction severely a.fected life on pla.et ea.th 200 million yea.s a.o. Pa.eoclima.e cha.ge triggered by the volca.ic eruptions of the Centra. a.la.tic Ma.ma.ic Province （Ca.P） ca.sed a.grea. loss of ma.ine biodiversity, a.ong which 96% cora. genera.were get lost. However, there is precious little deta.l on the pa.eoecology a.d growth forms lost between the la.est Tria.sic extinction a.d the ea.ly Jura.sic recovery. Here a.new pilot study wa. conducted by a.a.yzing cora.lite integra.ion levels a.ong cora.s from the la.est Tria.sic a.d ea.ly Jura.sic times. Integra.ion levels in cora.s from the La.e Tria.sic a.d ea.ly Jura.sic were determined through both the Pa.eobiology Da.a.a.e a. well a. from a.comprehensive museum collection of fossil cora.s. Results suggest tha. in a.dition to a.ma.or loss of diversity following the end-Tria.sic ma.s extinction, there a.so wa. a.significa.t loss of highly integra.ed cora.s a. clea.ly evidenced by the cora. da.a.from the ea.ly Jura.sic. This confirms our hypothesis of pa.eoecologica. selectivity for cora.s following the end-Tria.sic ma.s extinction. This study highlights the importa.ce of a.signing sim- ple to a.va.ced pa.eoecologica. cha.a.ters with integra.ion levels, which opens a.useful a.proa.h to understa.ding of ma.s extinction a.d the dyna.ics of the recovery.

关键词： cora. loss integra.ion level end-Tria.sic ma.s extinction pa.eoecology

Circula.ly a.d elliptica.ly pola.ized light under wa.er a.d the Umov effect

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Light(Science & a.plica.ions) 2019年第1期8卷 901-906页

作者： Yitia. Ding stanley Pa. College of Optica. Sciences University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

Tota. interna. reflection occurs when light is incident on the interfa.e of high-a.d low-refra.tive-index ma.eria.s a. a. a.gle grea.er tha. the critica. *** with high degree of linea. pola.iza.ion,such a. a.mospheric sca.tered skylight,ca. be converted with a.high efficiency up to 53%to circula. a.d elliptica. pola.iza.ions by tota. interna. reflection under wa.er in the region outside Snell’s *** degree of circula. pola.iza.ion is observed to be inversely dependent on the a.bedo of underwa.er objects a.d is shown to be a.direct consequence of the Umov *** results a.e importa.t for underwa.er pola.imetry,surveilla.ce a.plica.ions a.d studies of ma.ine a.ima.s’pola.ized vision nea. the wa.er-a.r interfa.e.

关键词： effect. pola.ized underwa.er

Lea. POISONING IN a.CIeNT ROMe: THe STa.e OF THe QUeSTION

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Journa. of a.cient Civiliza.ions 2022年第2期37卷 225-246,276页

作者： stanley M.Burstein Ca.eb e.Finch Ca.ifornia.Sta.e University Los Angeles The University of Southern Ca.ifornia

Introduction Lea. pollution a. a.significa.t hea.th ha.a.d a.pea.s frequently in the news,sometimes specta.ula.ly so a. in the ca.e of the recent conta.ina.ion of the wa.ersupplyof the cityof Flint,Michiga.beca.se of itsuse inlea. pipes in the system.'a. a.result,it is ea.y to a.sume tha. environmenta. lea. pollution is a.recent problem,but tha. is not the *** exposure is,in fa.t.

关键词： pollution Flint pipes

PHa.e eQUILIBRIUM OF COMPLeX MIXTUReS WITH eQUa.IONS OF STa.e: a. UPDa.e5

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Chinese Journa. of Chemica. engineering 1995年第1期3卷 42-53页

作者： stanley I.Sa.dler Ha.a. orbey Center for Molecula. a.d engineering Thermodyna.ics Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDE 19716 USACenter for Molecular and Engineering ThermodynamicsDepartment of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of DelawareNewarkDE 19716 USA

Here we review a.new cla.s of mixing rules (ha. ha.e extended ra.ge of mixtures a.d conditions tha. ca. now be described by equa.ion of sta.e models. One cha.a.teristic of these mixing rules is tha. they simulta.eously sa.isfy the bounda.y conditions of producing a.second viria. coefficient tha. is qua.ra.ic in mole fra.tion, a.d a.free energy of mixing like tha. of a. a.tivity coefficient model a. high density, though the mixing rule is itself independent of density. We show tha. using this mixing rule, va.ious a.ymmetric, highly nonidea. mixtures ca. be a.cura.ely described. One serendipitous result is tha. the pa.a.eters in this mixing rule model a.e a.most independent of tempera.ure, which a.lows a.cura.e extra.ola.ions of pha.e beha.ior to be ma.e over la.ge ra.ges of tempera.ure a.d pressure.

关键词： equa.ions of sta.e mixing rules pha.e equilibrium complex mixtures

Sponta.eous Recovery in Directed Dyna.ica. Networks

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engineering 2024年第6期37卷 208-214页

作者： Xueming Liu Xia. Ya. H.eugene stanley School of a.tificia. Intelligence a.d a.toma.ion&The MOe engineering Resea.ch Center of a.tonomous Intelligent Unma.ned Systems&the Key La.ora.ory of Ima.e Processing Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Center for Polymer Studies Department of PhysicsBoston UniversityBostonMA 02215USA

Complex networked systems,which ra.ge from biologica. systems in the na.ura. world to infra.tructure systems in the huma.-ma.e world,ca. exhibit sponta.eous recovery a.ter a.fa.lure;for exa.ple,a.bra.n ma. sponta.eously return to norma. a.ter a.seizure,a.d tra.fic flow ca. become smooth a.a.n a.ter a.*** studies on the sponta.eous recovery of dyna.ica. networks ha.e been limited to undirected ***,most rea.-world networks a.e *** fill this ga.,we build a.model in which nodes ma. a.terna.ely fa.l a.d recover,a.d we develop a.theoretica. tool to a.a.yze the recovery properties of directed dyna.ica. *** find tha. the tool ca. a.cura.ely predict the fina. fra.tion of a.tive nodes,a.d the prediction a.cura.y decrea.es a. the fra.tion of bidirectiona. links in the network increa.es,which empha.izes the importa.ce of directiona.ity in network *** to different initia. sta.es,directed dyna.ica. networks ma. show a.terna.ive sta.le sta.es under the sa.e control pa.a.eter,exhibiting hysteresis *** a.dition,for networks with finite sizes,the fra.tion of a.tive nodes ma. jump ba.k a.d forth between high a.d low sta.es,mimicking repetitive fa.lure-recovery *** findings could help cla.ify the system recovery mecha.ism a.d ena.le better design of networked systems with high resilience.

关键词： Network resilience Directed dyna.ica. networks Sponta.eous recovery

Neotyphodium funga. endophyte in ta.l fescue (Schedonorus phoenix): a.compa.ison of three Northern europea. wild popula.ions a.d the cultiva. Kentucky-31

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Funga. Diversity 2013年第3期60卷 15-24页

作者： Pedro e.Gundel Ma.jo Hela.der Cecilia.Ca.a. Cyd e.Ha.ilton stanley H.Fa.th Ka.i Sa.kkonen MTT a.rifood Resea.ch Finla.d Plant Production Research31600 JokioinenFinland IFeVa.CONICeT–Fa.ulty of a.ronomy Buenos Aires University(UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina Depa.tment of Biology Section of EcologyUniversity of Turku20014 TurkuFinland Soil Science Division Faculty of AgronomyBuenos Aires University(UBA)Buenos AiresArgentina Depa.tment of Biology University of North CarolinaGreensboroNC 27402-6170USA

Pooidea. gra.ses ma. be colonized by systemic funga. *** fitness of endophyte depends entirely on resources a.d seed tra.smission from the host pla.t,while colonized pla.ts ma. ga.n increa.ed surviva.,growth,a.d reproduction rela.ive to their uncolonized *** resea.ch of endophyte-gra.s intera.tions ha.e been ca.ried out on few cultiva.s of ta.l fescue(Schedonorus phoenix)a.d their symbiont Neotyphodium *** of studies using wild popula.ions of ta.l fescue a.ross the species na.ura. distribution ra.ge,however,limits the understa.ding of the ecologica. a.d evolutiona.y role of the symbiosis in *** performed a.common ga.den experiment in Southern Finla.d with three wild,ta.l fescue popula.ions from northern europe a.d the fora.e cultiva. Kentucky-31(KY-31).For ea.h popula.ion,we used na.ura.ly endophyte-colonized,na.ura.ly endophytecolonized but endophyte removed(decolonized),a.d na.ura.ly uncolonized pla.ts to sepa.a.e effects due to the host genotype from the *** eva.ua.ed growth va.ia.les a.d surviva. in four environmenta. trea.ments of va.ying wa.er a.d *** of wa.er a.d nutrients increa.ed pla.t bioma.s a.d reproductive effort in a.l *** effect wa. higher for KY-31 pla.ts which produced on a.era.e 55%more seeds tha. wild pla.ts,indica.ing better a.a.ta.ion to high resource ***,the higher incidence of Cla.iceps *** the low winter surviva. indica.ed KY-31 ta.l fescue is ma.-a.a.ted to Northern europea. *** colonized pla.ts ha. grea.er pla.t bioma.s(≈12%),reproductive effort(≈22%)a.d seed ma.s(≈29%)tha. na.ura.ly uncolonized a.d decolonized ***,endophyte coloniza.ion did not a.fect pla.t surviva.,a.d the effects of endophyte coloniza.ion on tiller number,pa.icle/tiller ra.io a.d Cla.iceps *** depended on the popula.ion *** the wild popula.ions,endophyte remova. only reduced the number of tillers(≈29%lower),while the differen

关键词： Pla.t-microbia. symbiosis Gra.s Symbiosis Vertica.ly tra.smitted symbiont Cla.iceps

a. exa.ple Using Improved Lefschetz Dua.ity

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Chinese a.na.s of Ma.hema.ics,Series B 2017年第6期38卷 1269-1274页

作者： Pa.ca. La.BReCHTS Jeremy La.e Dona.d stanley Pa.ca. La.brechts Institut Mathmatique Universit de Louvain Depa.tment of Ma.hemtics University of Toronto Depa.tment of Ma.hema.ics a.d Sta.istics University of Regina

a.theorem of La.brechts a.d stanley is used to find the ra.iona. cohomology of the complement of a. embedding S^(4n-1)→ S^(2n)× S^m a. a.module a.d demonstra.e tha. it is not necessa.ily determined by the ma. induced on cohomology by the embedding, nor is it a.trivia. extension. This demonstra.es tha. the theorem is a. improvement on the cla.sica. Lefschetz dua.ity.

关键词： Lefschetz dua.ity embedding extension problem

a.a.ysis of drying a.d sa.ura.ing na.ura. gypsum sa.ples for mecha.ica. testing

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Journa. of Rock Mecha.ics a.d Geotechnica. engineering 2019年第2期11卷 219-227页

作者： Moha.ma.hossein Sa.eghia.irsha.idi stanley J.Vitton Depa.tment of Civil a.d environmenta. engineering Michigan Technological University

The sta.ility of underground a.a.doned gypsum mines is dependent on the gypsum pilla.'s strength,a.d most a.a.doned mines a.e in a.fully sa.ura.ed condition. Moisture a.fects the strength of gypsum a.d is therefore commonly mea.ured when testing rock strength. For most rocks, this is a.simple ta.k of weighing the rock's ma.s before a.d a.ter oven-hea.ing a. a.specified tempera.ure a.d dura.ion. For na.ura. gypsum, however, this is not a.stra.ghtforwa.d process. Hea.ing na.ura. gypsum ca. result in dehydra.ion a.d tra.sforma.ion of gypsum to hemihydra.e a.d a.hydrite, thus cha.ging the physica. cha.a.teristics of the gypsum such a. its pa.ticle density which in turn a.fects the moisture content a.d strength mea.urements. To prevent tra.sforma.ion when determining the moisture content of gypsum,the a.erica. Society for Testing Ma.eria.s(a.TM) recommends lowering the drying tempera.ure from 110℃ to 60℃ . To investiga.e the tempera.ure a. which gypsum tra.sforms to hemihydra.e, we used a.helium pycnometer to mea.ure the pa.ticle densities of gypsum, hemihydra.e a.d a.hydrite. In this resea.ch, we suggest tha. a.higher drying tempera.ure of 80℃ ca. be used for drying gypsum without tra.sforming gypsum to hemihydra.e. Further, prepa.ing sa.ura.ed sa.ples for mecha.ica. testing,which is required in sta.ility a.a.yses of a.a.doned mines, is cha.lenging due to the dissolution of gypsum when pla.ed in wa.er. To a.dress this problem, we investiga.ed the following methods to sa.ura.e gypsum cores ta.ing into a.count the solubility of gypsum:(1) wa.er immersion,(2) va.uum sa.ura.ion, a.d(3) improved va.uum sa.ura.ion. The resea.ch indica.es tha. a.l the three methods a.e a.cepta.le but they should be conducted using a.sa.ura.ed gypsum-wa.er solution to minimize dissolution. Further, the resea.ch found tha. the improved va.uum sa.ura.ion method sa.ura.ed the test sa.ples within 24 h, while dura.ion of 30 h wa. required for the other two methods.

关键词： Gypsum-hemihydra.e-a.hydrite tra.sforma.ion Dehydra.ion Rock core sa.ura.ion Moisture content Helium pycnometer