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Observing the stages of bystander intervention in virtual reality simulation

World Journal of emergency Medicine 2019年第3期10卷 145-151页

作者： David G. Buckler Alfredo Almodovar Jr Paul Snobelen Benjamin S. Abella audrey Blewer Marion Leary Center for Resuscitation Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA 19104 USA Peel Regional Paramedic Service 1600 Bovaird Dr. E Brampton ON L6R 3S8 Canada Department of Community & Family Medicine Duke University Medical Center DUMC 2914 Durham NC 27710 USA School of Nursing University of Pennsylvania 418 Guardian Drive Philadelphia PA 19104 USA

BACKGROUND: Understanding bystander reactions to an emergency is an important component of effective training. Four stages of bystander intervention (BI) have been previously described: noticing the situation as a problem, interpreting when it is appropriate to intervene, recognizing personal responsibility to intervene, and knowing how to intervene. Using virtual reality (VR) to simulate emergencies such as sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) can be used to study these stages. MeTHODS: In a secondary analysis of an observational cohort study, we analyzed bystander self-effi cacy for stages of BI before and after simulated SCA. each subject participated in a singleplayer, immersive, VR SCA scenario. Subjects interacted with simulated bystanders through voice commands (“call 911”,“get an AeD”). Actions taken in scenario, like performing CPR, were documented. Scenario BI actions were compared based on dichotomized comfort/discomfort. ReSULTS: From June 2016 to June 2017, 119 subjects participated. Average age was 37±14 years, 44% were female and 46% reported CPR training within 2 years. During the scenario, 98%“noticed the event” and “interpreted it as a problem”, 78%“took responsibility”, and 54%“possessed the necessary skills”. Self-effi cacy increased from pre- to post-scenario: noticing the event increased from 80% to 96%;interpreting as a problem increased from 86% to 97%;taking responsibility increased from 56% to 93%;possessing necessary skills increased from 47% to 63%(Pelf-efficacy to respond to an SCA event increased pre- to post-scenario. Bystanders who reported feeling comfortable “taking responsibility to intervene” during an emergency were more likely to take action during a simulated emergency.

关键词： Virtual reality Bystander intervention emergency preparedness

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Mechanism for Src activation by the CCK2 receptor:Patho-physiological functions of this receptor in pancreas

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第28期12卷 4498-4503页

作者： audrey Ferrand Sebastien Vatinel Aline Kowalski-Chauvel Claudine Bertrand Chantal escrieut Daniel Fourmy Marlene Dufresne Catherine Seva Dufresne Catherine SevaINSERM U 531IFR 31Institut Louis BugnardBP 8422531432 Toulouse cedex 4France

AIM： TO investigate in vivo, whether CCK2 receptors （CCK2R） regulate proteins known to play a crucial role in cell proliferation and cancer development and analyse in vitro the molecular mechanisms that lead to Src activation; in particular, to identify the domains within the CCK2R sequence that are implicated in this activation. MeTHODS： The expression and activation of Src and eRK were studied in vivo using immunofluorescence and western-blot techniques. We used pancreatic tissues derived from wild type or elas-CCK2 mice that expressed the CCK2R in pancreatic acini, displayed an increased pancreatic growth and developed preneoplastic lesions. The pancreatic tumor cell line AR4-2J expressing the endogenous CCK2R or COS-7 cells transiently transfected with wild type or mutant CCK2R were used as in vitro models to study the mechanism of Src activation. Src activation was measured by in vitro kinase assays, eRK activation by western blot using antiphospho-eRK antibodies and the involvement of Src in gastrin-induced cell proliferation by MTT test. ReSULTS： We showed in vivo that the targeted CCK2R expression in the pancreas of elas-CCK2 mice, led to the activation of Src and the eRK pathway. Src was activated upstream of the eRK pathway by the CCK2R in pancreatic tumoral cells and contributed to the proliferative effects mediated by this receptor. In vitro results demonstrated that activation of the Src/eRK pathway by the CCK2R required the NPXXY motif, located within the CCK2R sequence at the end of the 7^th transmembrane domain, and suggested the putative role of Gq in this mechanism. CONCLUSION： Deregulation of the Src/eRK pathway by the CCK2R might represent an early step that contributes to cell proliferation, formation of preneoplastic lesions and pancreatic tumor development.

关键词： Gastrin, Src Pancreas CCK2 receptor

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The failed invasion of Harmonia axyridis in the Azores, Portugal: Climatic restriction or wrong population origin?

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Insect Science 2021年第1期28卷 238-250页

作者： Alberto J.Alaniz Antonio OSoares Pablo M.Vergara eduardo Brito de Azevedo audrey A.Grez Laboratorio de ecologia de Ambientes Fragmentados Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas AnimatesFacultad de Ciencias VeterinariasPecuariasUniversidad de ChileChile Centro de estudios en ecologia espacial y Medio Ambiente EcogeografiaSantiagoChile Departamento de Gestion Agra ria Facultad TecnologicaUniversidad de Santiago de ChileChile Center for ecology Evolution and Environmental Changes and Azorean Biodiversity GroupFaculty of Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of the AzoresPonta DelgadaPortugal Center of Climate Departamento de Ciencias AgrariasMeteorology and Global Change of the University of the Azores(CCMMG-CITA-A)Universidade dos AzoresAngra do HeroismoPortugal

We tested two questions:(i)whether the climatic conditions of the Azorean Islands in Portugal may have restricted the invasion of Harmonia axyridis across this archipelago and(ii)determine what population of this species could have a higher probability of invading the *** used Maxent to project the climate requirements of different *** populations from three regions of the world,and the potential global niche of the species in the Azorean *** we assessed the suitability of the islands for each of the three *** populations and global potential niche through histograms analysis,Principal Component Analysis(PCA)of climate variables,and a variable-by-variable assessment of the suitability response curves compared with the climatic conditions of the *** conditions of the Azores are less suitable for the *** native Asian populations of ***,and more suitable for european populations and the global potential *** PCA showed that the climatic conditions of the islands differed from the climatic requirements of *** difference is mainly explained by precipitation of the wettest month,isothermality,and the minimum temperature of the coldest *** concluded that the climatic conditions of the Azores could have influenced the establishment and spread of *** on these islands from *** results showed that abiotic resistance represented by the climate of the potentially colonizable zones could hinder the establishment of invasive insects,but it could vary depending of the origin of the colonizing population.

关键词： climatic suitability Harlequin ladybird Invasibility invasive alien species Niche analysis Species Distribution Model

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SMes Become A New engine for Cross-border e-businesses

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China's Foreign Trade 2021年第4期 25-28页

作者： audrey Guo 不详

Recently,the Center for China and Globalization(CCG)released a Research Report on B2C Cross-border e-Commerce Platforms Going Abroad(hereinafter referred to as the Report),indicating that through the Digital Silk Road,which is currently under construction,supported by the Belt and Road digital economy,small and medium enterprises(SMes)carrying out online retail business via cross-border e-commerce platforms will not only gradually influence the global retail market,but will also grow into a new engine to boost the economic and trade cooperation with China,and also the development of China’s foreign trade.

关键词： SMes engine border

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Cross-border e-commerce as the Main Force to Stabilize Foreign Trade

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China's Foreign Trade 2020年第5期 51-53页

作者： audrey Guo 不详

The spread of the COVID-19 virus across the world has exerted a heavy impact on international trade this ***-border e-commerce has undergone rapid growth against a backdrop of falling global *** new de-centralized and de-intermediated trade model has been playing an increasingly important role in international *** to data from the General Administration of Customs of China,during the first half of the year,exports from cross-border e-commerce supervision platforms rose by 26.2%,becoming the main force for the stabilization of foreign *** has approved the establishment of two batches of integrated pilot zones for cross-border e-commerce in December 2019 and April 2020.

关键词： border commerce becoming

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Golden South Africa,Great Development

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China's Foreign Trade 2008年第10期000卷 56-57页

作者： audrey Guo

On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and South Africa in 2008,China is celebrating'South Africa Week'to com- *** Dlamini Zuma,the minister of South Africa,and the delegation attended the series of ac- tivities in China.'South Africa Week'got great success and more and more Chinese people focus on the beautiful and attrac- tive country-South *** Ntsaluba,the Director General in Foreign Affairs of South Africa shared his view on the bilateral relations and cooperation, and the development of South Africa with the journalist of China's Foreign Trade magazine.

关键词：中国南非经贸关系经济发展投资合作

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Chinese Design Needs to Differentiate Itself with Creativity and Traditional Heritage

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China's Foreign Trade 2014年第7期 38-39页

作者： audrey Guo

Since Chinese first lady *** Liyuan made her first public appearances in state visits,wearing the garments designed by domestic designer brands,which attracted more Chinese attentions on the domestic fashion industry in the following,as well as overseas *** Creative Director and Chief Designer of Martine Jarlgaard,*** Jarlgaard was invited to present The Martine Jarlgaard AW14 at London Fashion Week in the British Fashion Council emerging Designers Showroom in Somerset House,and at Paris Fashion Week in the Tranoi Talent showroom,Carrousel du *** April she also was invited to attend China Fashion ***,Martine accepted an exclusive interview with China’s Foreign Trade and shared her point of view on hottest issues including what the Chinese first lady dress influence on China fashion industry,the road of Chinese garment brands go overseas and her understanding of the e-commerce’s impact on the traditional garment *** believes that China has an remarkable cultural heritage and a treasure chamber of crafts which is key to solidifying the new modern Chinese"design voice".

关键词： garment overseas heritage fashion interview design

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Belt and Road Construction Brings China and egypt Win-Win Cooperation——An exclusive interview with *** Shokry, the Foreign Minister of the Arab Republic of egypt

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China's Foreign Trade 2018年第5期 18-19页

作者： audrey Guo

In 2014, the bilateral relationship between egypt and China was upgraded to a comprehensive strategic partnership, providing new opportunities for the development of both sides in various fields,especially in the fields of the economy and trade. The bilateral trade volume reached USD 11.6 billion that year,and China became egypt’s largest trading partner, a status that has been maintained up until this point in time.

关键词：埃及中国道路建设阿拉伯人共和国合作部长贸易

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Four Keys of Cross-border e-commerce After Orders

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China's Foreign Trade 2015年第2期 12-13页

作者： audrey Guo

Though *** enjoys shopping online,she has had little experience buying through cross-border e-commerce *** this year’s Spring Festival she wanted to try overseas online shopping when choosing gifts for her *** chose ... 详细信息

关键词： commerce border overseas shopping favorite parents wanted cosmetics companies customer

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2015:Make-or-break Year for China's Cross-Border e-Commerce Companies

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China's Foreign Trade 2015年第2期 16-17页

作者： audrey Guo

Iresearch estimates that the volume of China’s cross-border e-commerce accounted for China total export-import volume 11.9%in 2013,up to 14.8%in *** 2017,cross-border e-commerce occupies a proportion of the total amount of China’s foreign trade that is expected to reach about 20%.T-he players shared their different opinions with China’s Foreign Trade.

关键词： commerce border accounted import estimates break proportion companies overseas venture

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