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Partial pre-image attack on Proof-of-Work based blockchains

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BLOCKChAIN-RESEARCh AND APPLICATIONS 2024年第3期5卷 1-10页

作者： Baniata, hamza Kertesz, attila Univ Szeged Dept Software Engn H-6720 Szeged Hungary

Blockchain is a type of distributed ledger technology that consists of a growing list of records, called blocks, that are securely linked together using cryptography. Each blockchain-based solution deploys a specific consensus algorithm that guarantees the consistency of the ledger over time. The most famous, and yet claimed to be the most secure, is the Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus algorithm. In this paper, we revisit the fundamental calculations and assumptions of this algorithm, originally presented in the Bitcoin white paper. We break down its claimed calculations in order to better understand the underlying assumptions of the proposal. We also propose a novel formalization model of the PoW mining problem using the Birthday paradox. We utilize this model to formalize and analyze partial pre-image attacks on PoW-based blockchains, with formal analysis that confirms the experimental results and the previously proposed implications. We build on those analyses and propose new concepts for benchmarking the security of PoW-based systems, including Critical Difficulty and Critical Difficulty per given portion. Our calculations result in several important findings, including the profitability of launching partial pre-image attacks on PoW-based blockchains, once the mining puzzle difficulty reaches a given threshold. Specifically, for any compromised portion of the network (qhonest majority assumption still holds), the attack is formally proven profitable once the PoW mining puzzle difficulty reaches 56 leading zeros.

关键词： Blockchain Proof-of-Work Security Partial pre-image attack hash functions

hydrodynamic function and spring constant calibration of FluidFM micropipette cantilevers

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 277-286页

作者： attila Bonyár Ágoston G.Nagy hans Gunstheimer Gotthold Fläschner Robert horvath Department of Electronics Technology Faculty of Electrical Engineering and InformaticsBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapestHungary Nanobiosensorics Laboratory Institute of Technical Physics and Materials ScienceCentre for Energy ResearchHUN-RENBudapestHungary Nanosurf AG Gräubernstrasse 12CH-4410 LiestalSwitzerland

Fluidic force microscopy(FluidFM)fuses the force sensitivity of atomic force microscopy with the manipulation capabilities of microfluidics by using microfabricated cantilevers with embedded fluidic *** innovation initiated new research and development directions in biology,biophysics,and material *** acquire reliable and reproducible data,the calibration of the force sensor is ***,the hollow FluidFM cantilevers contain a row of parallel pillars inside a rectangular *** precise spring constant calibration of the internally structured cantilever is far from trivial,and existing methods generally assume simplifications that are not applicable to these special types of *** addition,the Sader method,which is currently implemented by the FluidFM community,relies on the precise measurement of the quality factor,which renders the calibration of the spring constant sensitive to *** this study,the hydrodynamic function of these special types of hollow cantilevers was experimentally determined with different *** on the hydrodynamic function,a novel spring constant calibration method was adapted,which relied only on the two resonance frequencies of the cantilever,measured in air and in a *** on these results,our proposed method can be successfully used for the reliable,noise-free calibration of hollow FluidFM cantilevers.

关键词： spring cantilever function

Fifteen Years of My Journey Learning Chinese

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China News Release 2024年第8期 56-58页

作者： attila Endre Simay Institute of Economics and Management at the Károli Gáspár University of the Reformed Church

"Chinese fever"has been a notable trend in hungary for years,rooted in deep historical and cultural ties as well as practical,real-life *** friendship between China and hungary has flourished for a long *** hungary's Eastern Opening strategy is closely aligned with the China-proposed Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),more and more Chinese companies are making investment and seeking development in hungary,fostering closer people-to-people and cultural exchanges between the two *** the local people,the importance of learning Chinese has grown *** Endre Simay,known in Chinese as Xi Lisong,has been learning Chinese for 15 years,a pursuit that has profoundly influenced his *** him,learning a language is not a sprint,but a marathon,which requires continuous efforts and enthusiasm.

关键词： companies closer seeking

Discrepancies between clinical and autopsy findings in patients who had an acute stroke

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第3期7卷 215-221页

作者： Lilla hudák attila Csaba Nagy Sarolta Molnár Gábor Méhes Katalin Erzsébet Nagy Lászlóoláh LászlóCsiba Department of Neurology University of Debrecen Faculty of MedicineDebrecenHungary Department of Preventive Medicine University of Debrecen Faculty of Public HealthDebrecenHungary Department of Pathology University of Debrecen Clinical CenterDebrecenHungary Doctoral School of Neuroscience University of Debrecen Faculty of MedicineDebrecenHungary

Objectives According to international observations,the incidence of clinical autopsies is declining worldwide,plummeting below 5%in the USA and many European *** is an unfavourable trend as,in 7%-12%of cases,recent clinicopathological studies found discrepancies that might have changed the therapy or the outcome if known *** previous large-scale observations have examined varied patient populations,we aimed to focus on the differences between the clinical and pathological diagnostic findings in only patients who had a *** and methods We assessed the postmortem non-neuropathological and neuropathological findings of 534 consecutive patients who had a stroke who passed *** neoplasms,pneumonias,thromboembolisms and haemorrhagic transformations revealed only by autopsy were considered severe abnormalities;in addition,benign abnormalities important from an educational or scientific point of view were also *** In 26 of the 534 cases(4.9%),the presence of systemic neoplasms had already been confirmed in the clinical stage;however,8(1.5%)malignant tumours were only detected during ***,80(15%)thromboembolic events,73(13.6%)pneumonias and 66(18%)haemorrhagic transformations were only diagnosed at *** hospital stay(from admission to death)resulted in fewer discrepancies between clinical and autopsy diagnosis of thromboembolic events and pneumonias(phile the type of acute stroke is reliably diagnosed with imaging techniques,postmortem autopsies are also important in patients who had a stroke as autopsies may reveal clinically silent diseases(eg,tumour),and contribute to knowing the actual incidence of stroke-related thromboembolic and pneumonia complications.

关键词： neoplasms clinical finding

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我学中文的15年

中国新闻发布（实务版） 2024年第7期 57-59页

作者：席立松匈牙利卡洛里·加斯帕新教大学经济管理研究学院匈牙利布达佩斯考文纽斯大学

“中文热”在匈牙利行之有年,既有深厚的历史文化渊源,也有丰富的现实生活土壤。中匈两国传统友好,随着匈牙利“向东开放”战略与共建“一带一路”倡议紧密对接,越来越多中资企业到匈投资发展,两国人文交流也更加密切。对当地人来说,中... 详细信息

“中文热”在匈牙利行之有年,既有深厚的历史文化渊源,也有丰富的现实生活土壤。中匈两国传统友好,随着匈牙利“向东开放”战略与共建“一带一路”倡议紧密对接,越来越多中资企业到匈投资发展,两国人文交流也更加密切。对当地人来说,中文学习的重要性与日俱增。席立松学习中文15年,对他的人生产生了巨大的影响。他认为学习一门语言不是一场短跑,而是一场马拉松,需要持续的努力和热情。

关键词：历史文化渊源人文交流中资企业学习的重要性马拉松现实生活紧密对接中文

Extended knowledge attributed Petri Nets

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International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 2014年第2期5卷 92-111页

作者： attila Fur Budapest University of Technology and Economics McLeod Institute of Simulation Sciences hungarian Center h-1117 Budapest Magyar tud´osok korutja 2.Q.Building A-233Hungary

Choosing the best way for describing physical reality has always been standing in focus of *** methodologies have been developed based on classical mathematics,or statistics and also new disciplines-such as soft-computing *** Nets as one of the most naturalistic modeling methodologies are well suited to describe complex process in *** in some fields of modeling the describing power of basic Petri Nets proved not to be robust enough,therefore several exten-sions were made to the original *** tokens(Colored Petri Nets),stochastic delayed streaming of mobile entities(Stochastic Petri Nets),object oriented architecture(Object Oriented Petri Nets),numerical(Numerical Petri Nets)and linguistic attributes(Fuzzy Petri Nets)broaden the range of *** some fields of problem solv-ing,usage of static and mobile knowledge bases is needed:e.g.,flexible manufacturing systems,or intelligent traffic *** problems to be investigated involved new conceptual developments of Petri Nets and led to the introduction of Knowledge Attributed Petri *** the same time distributed control in simulation appeared,intelligent agents supported the connection of mobile knowledge bases and static infer-ence engines in an effective *** mentioned extensions brought general support in model synthesis,but some unsolved questions remained related to the implementation of intelligent mobile *** paper highlights a new level of AI controlled simulation introducing the Extended Knowledge Attributed Petri Nets that offer the capability of easy implementation of mobile inference engines and knowledge base,providing general mobile AI in Petri Nets.

关键词： Know ledge attributed petri nets modeling of group behavior mobile agents

LIQUID-LIQUID PhASE EQUILIBRIUM OF PolYMER SolUTIONS AND PolYMER BLENDS UNDER POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PRESSURE

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2003年第2期21卷 241-250页

作者： attila R.Imre KFKI Atomic Energy Research Institute H-1525 Budapest POB 49 Hungary

In this paper we would like to give a brief review about the extensibility of the liquid-liquid locus into the negativepressure region. Negative pressure states are hardly explored; most researchers believe that the pressure scale ends at p = *** would like to show that this is not true, the p = 0 point is not a special point for liquids, it can be 'easily' crossed. We aregoing to give a few example, where the extension of liquid-liquid locus for polymer blends and solutions below p = 0 givesus some interesting results, like the merging of UCST and LCST branches in weakly interacting polymer solutions or thereason why most UCST blends exhibit pressure induced immiscibility. Also, we will see what happens with the immiscibilityisland of aqueous polymer solutions when -- reaching the critical molar mass -- it 'disappears'.

关键词： Pressure Negative pressure Polymer Solubility Phase transition

Dimethyltryptamine(DMT):a biochemical Swiss Army knife in neuroinflammation and neuroprotection?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第3期11卷 396-397页

作者： attila Szabo Ede Frecska Department of Immunology Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Debrecen Department of Psychiatry Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Debrecen

The inflammatory theory of many neuropsychiatric illnesses has become an emerging trend in modern *** immune mechanisms–mainly via the activity of microglia–may contribute to the etiology and symptomatology of diseases,such as schizophrenia,bipolar disorder,depression,or Alzheimer’s disease（Deleidi et al.,2015;Khandaker et al.,

关键词： biochemical schizophrenia knife DMT bipolar microglia Swiss etiology inflammation neuronal

Six New Species of Sawflies from Gansu and Qinghai Provinces of China (hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

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Zoological Research 2009年第3期30卷 319-326页

作者： attila haris hungarian Natural history Museum h-8142 Urhida

Three new Tenthredinidae species are reported from Gansu and three from Qinghai Provinces of China. Tenthredo （Tenthredo） sinotemula sp. nov., Tenthredo （Tenthredella） labrangensis sp. nov. and Tenthredo （Tenthredella） sinosimplex sp. nov. are described from Gansu, Tenthredo （Tenthredella） rolleri sp. nov., Tenthredo （Tenthredella） qinghaiensis sp. nov. and Tenthredo （Tenthredella） yunningsiensis sp. nov. from Qinghai Province.

关键词： hymenoptera Symphyta Tenthredinidae New species. Gansu Qinghai China