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Management of acute pancreatitis in Japan: analysis of nationwide epidemiological survey

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第28期22卷 6335-6344页

作者： Shin Hamada atsushi Masamune Tooru Shimosegawa Division of Gastroenterology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine

Acute pancreatitis(AP) is an acute inflammatory disease of the exocrine pancreas. In Japan, nationwide epidemiological surveys have been conducted every 4 to 5 years by the Research Committee of Intractable Pancreatic Diseases, under the support of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan. We reviewed the results of the nationwide surveys focusing on the severity assessment and changes in the therapeutic strategy for walled-off necrosis. The severity assessment system currently used in Japan consists of 9 prognostic factors and the imaging grade on contrastenhanced computed tomography. By univariate analysis, all of the 9 prognostic factors were associated with AP-related death. A multivariate analysis identified 4 out of the 9 prognostic factors(base excess or shock, renal failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria, and age) that were associated with AP-related death. Receiver-operating characteristics curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.82 for these 4 prognostic factors and 0.84 for the 9 prognostic factors, suggesting the comparable utility of these 4 factors in the severity assessment. We also examined the temporal changes in treatment strategy for walled-off necrosis in Japan according to the 2003, 2007, and 2011 surveys. Step-up approaches and lessinvasive endoscopic therapies were uncommon in 2003 and 2007, but became popular in 2011. Mortality has been decreasing in patients who require intervention for walled-off necrosis. In conclusion, the nationwide survey revealed the comparable utility of 4 prognostic factors in the severity assessment and the increased use of less-invasive, step-up approaches with improved clinical outcomes in the management of walled-off necrosis.

关键词： Endoscopic necrosectomy Diagnostic criteria Epidemiology Pancreatic pseudocyst Systemic inflammatory response syndrome Step-up approach Walled-off necrosis

Limitations of liver biopsy and non-invasive diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第2期20卷 475-485页

作者： Yoshio Sumida atsushi Nakajima Yoshito Itoh Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyoto 602-8566Japan Division of Gastroenterology Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004Japan

It is estimated that 30% of the adult population in Japan is affected by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fatty changes of the liver are generally diagnosed using imaging methods such as abdominal ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT), but the sensitivity of these imaging techniques is low in cases of mild steatosis. Alanine aminotransferase levels may be normal in some of these patients, warranting the necessity to establish a set of parameters useful for detecting NAFLD, and the more severe form of the disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although liver biopsy is currently the gold standard for diagnosing progressive NASH, it has many drawbacks, such as sampling error, cost, and risk of complications. Furthermore, it is not realistic to perform liver biopsies on all NAFLD patients. Diagnosis of NASH using various biomarkers, scoring systems and imaging methods, such as elastography, has recently been attempted. The NAFIC score, calculated from the levels of ferritin, fasting insulin, and type IV collagen 7S, is useful for the diagnosis of NASH, while the NAFLD fibrosis score and the FIB-4 index are useful for excluding NASH in cases of advanced fibrosis. This article reviews the limitations and merits of liver biopsy and noninvasive diagnostic tests in the diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Liver biopsy Steatosis Fibrosis Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

SURFACE RHEOLOGY OF POLYMERIC SOLIDS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2000年第3期18卷 239-248页

作者： Tisato Kajiyama Keiji Tanaka Noriaki Satomi atsushi Takahara Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering.Kyushu University6-10-1 HakozakiHigashi-kuFukuoka 812-8581Japan

Surface molecular motions of amorphous polymeric solids have been directly measured on the basis of scanningviscoelasticity microscopic(SVM)and lateral force microscopic(LFM)*** and LFM measurements werecarried out for films of conventional monodisperse polystyrene(PS)with sec-butyl and proton-terminated end groups atroom *** the case of the number-average molecular weight,M_(n),less than ca.4.0×10^(4),the surface was in a glass-rubber transition state even though the bulk glass transition temperature,T_(g)was far above room temperature,meaning thatthe surface molecular motion was fairly active compared with that in the *** measurements of the,monodisperse PSfilms at various scanning rates and temperatures revealed that the time-temperature superposition was applicable to thesurface mechanical relaxation behavior and also that the surface glass transition temperature,T_(g)^(σ),was depressed incomparison with the bulk one even though the magnitude of M_n was fairly high at 1.40×10~*** surface molecular motionof monodisperse PS with various chain end groups was investigated on the basis of temperature-dependent scanningviscoelasticity microscopy(TDSVM).The T_(g)^(σ)s for the PS films with M_n of 4.9×10^(6)to 1.45×10^(6)measured by TDSVMwere smaller than those for the bulk one,with corresponding M_ns,and the T_(g)^(σ)s for M_ns smaller than ca.4.0×10^(4)were lowerthan room temperature(293 K).The active thermal molecular motion at the polymeric solid surface can be interpreted interms of an excess free volume near the surface region induced by the surface localization of chain end *** the case ofM_n=ca.5.0×10^(4),the T_(g)^(σ)s for theα,ω-diamino-terminated PS(α,ω-PS(NH_2)_2)andα,ω-dicarboxy-terminated PS(α,ω-PS(COOH)_2)films were higher than that of the PS *** change of T_(g)^(σ)for the PS film with various chain end groups canbe explained in terms of the depth distribution of chain end groups at the surface region depending on

关键词： Surface rheology Chain end groups Scanning force microscope

Polystyrene-based blend nanorods with gradient composition distribution

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第5期55卷 726-734页

作者： WU Hui SU ZhaoHui TERAYAMA Yuki TAKAHARA atsushi Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan

The polystyrene-based polymer blends, partially miscible poly(bisphenol A carbonate)/polystyrene (PC/PS) and completely miscible poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide)/polystyrene (PPO/PS), in nanorods with gradient composition distribution were discussed. The polymer blend nanorods were prepared by infiltrating the polymer blends into nanopores of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates via capillary action. Their morphology was investigated by micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) and nano-thermal analysis (nano-TA) with spatial resolution. The composition gradient of polymer blends in the nanopores is governed by the difference of viscosity and miscibility between the two polymers in the blends and the pore diameter. The capillary wetting of porous AAO templates by polymer blends offers a unique method to fabricate functional nanostructured materials with gradient composition distribution for the potential application to nanodevices.

关键词： nanorods gradient composition distribution polymer blends anodic aluminum oxide micro-FTIR nano-TA

Guadalupian (Middle Permian) Radiolarian and Sponge Spicule Faunas from the Bancheng Formation of the Qinzhou Allochthon,South China

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Journal of Earth Science 2013年第2期24卷 145-156页

作者： Ito Tsuyoshi 张磊冯庆来 Matsuoka atsushi State Key Laboratory for Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceNiigata University

The Gujingling （古井岭） Section in Xiaodong （小董）, Guangxi （广西） Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, consists of cherts and siliceous siltstones, which belongs to the Bancheng （板城）Formation of the Qinzhou （钦州） allochthon. Three successive radiolarian assemblage-zones related to the Guadalupian （Middle Permian） appear in the section in the following ascending order： Pseudoalbaillella sp. aff. Pseudoaibailleila longicornis-Pseudoalbaillella fusiformis, Follicucuilus monacanthus, and Follicucuilus scholasticus-Foilicucullus porrectus. The radiolarian content in this section is generally greater than that of sponge spicules. The radiolarian fauna commonly consists of abundant Albaillellaria and spherical radiolaria with minor Latentifistularia and Entactinaria. The sponge fauna is composed mainly of hexactinellids with minor demosponges. These siliceous fossil faunal features, comparable with those in a deep basin of the western belt of the Phosphoria Basin in the western United States, indicate that the Bancheng Formation in the Gujingling Section was deposited in a basin deeper than 1 000 m. The siliceous siltstones in the section are characterized by inclusion of silt-sized quartz and no inclusion of sand-sized materials, suggesting that the Gujingling Section was located at least a few hundred kilometers from the South China Block in the Guadalupian.

关键词： radiolarian fossil sponge spicule Guadalupian (Middle Permian) Bancheng Formation Qinzhou allochthon paleobathymerry.

Numerical modelling of spatially and temporally distributed on‑fault induced seismicity:implication for seismic hazards

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2023年第1期10卷 108-123页

作者： atsushi Sainoki Adam Karl Schwartzkopf Lishuai Jiang Hani Mitri Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology KumamotoUniversityKumamotoJapan School of Engineering The University of Western AustraliaPerthAustralia State Key Laboratory of Mining Disaster Preventionand Control Shandong University of Scienceand TechnologyShandongChina Department of Mining and Materials Engineering McGillUniversityMontrealCanada

Induced seismicity is strongly related to various engineering projects that cause anthropogenic in-situ stress change at a great ***,there is a need to estimate and mitigate the associated *** the past,various simulation methods have been developed and applied to induced seismicity analysis,but there is still a fundamental diference between simulation results and feld observations in terms of the spatial distribution of seismic events and its *** present study aims to develop a method to simulate spatially distributed on-fault seismicity whilst reproducing a complex stress state in the fault ***,an equivalent continuum model is constructed,based on a discrete fracture network within a fault damage zone,by employing the crack tensor theory.A fault core is simulated at the center of the model as a discontinuous *** the model,a heterogeneous stress state with stress anomalies in the fault zone is frst simulated by applying tractions on the model outer ***,the efective normal stress on the fault plane is decreased in a stepwise manner to induce *** simulation result is validated in terms of the b-value and other seismic source parameters,hence demonstrating that the model can reproduce spatially and temporally distributed on-fault *** analysis on the parameters shows the variation of frequency-magnitude distribution before the occurrence of large seismic *** variation is found to be consistent with feld observations,thus suggesting the potential use of this simulation method in evaluating the risk for seismic hazards in various engineering projects.

关键词： Induced seismicity Fracture network Fault damage zone Crack tensor theory

Disruption of Dhcr7 and Insig1/2 in cholesterol metabolism causes defects in bone formation and homeostasis through primary cilium formation

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Bone Research 2020年第1期8卷 39-52页

作者： Akiko Suzuki Kenichi Ogata Hiroki Yoshioka Junbo Shim Christopher AWassif Forbes DPorter Junichi iwata Department of Diagnostic&Biomedical Sciences The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonSchool of DentistryHoustonTXUSA Center for Craniofacial Research The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonSchool of DentistryHoustonTXUSA Division of Translational Medicine Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentBethesdaMDUSA Pediatric Research Center The University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonMcGovern Medical SchoolHoustonTXUSA MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences HoustonTXUSA

Human linkage studies suggest that craniofacial deformities result from either genetic mutations related to cholesterol metabolism or high-cholesterol maternal diets. However, little is known about the precise roles of intracellular cholesterol metabolism in the development of craniofacial bones, the majority of which are formed through intramembranous ossification. Here, we show that an altered cholesterol metabolic status results in abnormal osteogenesis through dysregulation of primary cilium formation during bone formation. We found that cholesterol metabolic aberrations, induced through disruption of either Dhcr7(which encodes an enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis) or Insig1 and Insig2(which provide a negative feedback mechanism for cholesterol biosynthesis), result in osteoblast differentiation abnormalities. Notably, the primary cilia responsible for sensing extracellular cues were altered in number and length through dysregulated ciliary vesicle fusion in Dhcr7 and Insig1/2 mutant osteoblasts. As a consequence, WNT/β-catenin and hedgehog signaling activities were altered through dysregulated primary cilium ***, the normalization of defective cholesterol metabolism by simvastatin, a drug used in the treatment of cholesterol metabolic aberrations, rescued the abnormalities in both ciliogenesis and osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our results indicate that proper intracellular cholesterol status is crucial for primary cilium formation during skull formation and homeostasis.

关键词： metabolism cholesterol homeostasis

Hemobilia due to hepatocellular carcinoma： cholangioscopicfindings and novel endoscopic hemostasis

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2018年第3期17卷 275-277页

作者： takeshi ogura atsushi okuda kazuhide higuchi second department of internal medicine osaka medical college2-7 DaigakuchouTakatsukishiOsaka 569-8686Japan

To the Editor：Trauma, inflammation, iatrogenic procedures such as liverbiopsy and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage （PTBD）, vascularanomalies, coagulopathy status, and malignancy can causehemobilia [1]. Malignant causes of hemobilia include cholangiocarcinoma,pancreatic cancer, gallbladder tumor, and liver metastasis,but rarely hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. Here, we describeachieving endoscopic hemostasis for hemobilia caused by HCC,which was visualized using the single-operator, SPY-DS cholangioscope（Boston Scientific, Tokyo, Japan） under endoscopic retrogradecholangiopancreatography （ERCP） guidance. This scope is a dramaticimprovement over the SpyGlass system in that it is easier to insert into the biliary tract due to a tapered tip, a 120° digitalfield-of-view provides favorable visualization, and new injection and suction functions have been added via a two-port adaptor.

关键词： COVERED METALLIC STENT

Fulminant hepatic failure resulting from small-cell lung cancer and dramatic response of chemotherapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第15期12卷 2466-2468页

作者： Kyoichi Kaira atsushi Takise Rieko Watanabe Masatomo Mori Department of Respiratory Medicine Maebashi Red Cross Hospital 3-21-36 Asahi-choMaebashiGunma 371-0014Japan Department of Medicine and Molecular ScienceGunma University Graduate School of MedicineShowa-machiMaebashiGunma 371-8511Japan Department of Respiratory Medicine Maebashi Red Cross Hospital 3-21-36 Asahi-choMaebashiGunma 371-0014Japan Department of Medicine and Molecular Science Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Showa-machiMaebashiGunma 371-8511Japan

Prompt treatment in tumor-associated encephalopathy may prolong survival. We describe a 69-year-old male patient who was presented with fulminant hepatic failure, secondary to small-cell lung carcinoma with rapidly progressing encephalopathy. Both symptoms remitted following chemotherapy, suggesting swift diagnosis and administration of chemotherapy to be effective in treatment of fulminant hepatic failure and encephalopathy.

关键词： Small-cell lung carcinoma Fulminant hepatic failure Chemotherapy