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Selective synthesis of carbon monoxide via formates in reverse water–gas shift reaction over alumina-supported gold catalyst

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2016年第2期25卷 304-308页

作者： Nobuhiro Ishito Kenji Hara Kiyotaka Nakajima atsushi Fukuoka Institute for Catalysis Hokkaido University Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Hokkaido University School of Engineering Tokyo University of Technology

Thermal decomposition of formic acid on SiO2, CeO2 and γ-Al2O3 was studied as an elementary step of reverse water–gas shit reaction（RWGS） over supported Au catalysts. γ-Al2O3 showed the highest CO selectivity among the tested oxides in the decomposition of formic acid. Infrared spectroscopy showed the formation of four formate species on γ-Al2O3： three η~1-type and one μ~2-type species, and these formates decomposed to CO at 473 K or higher. Au-loaded γ-Al2O3 samples were prepared by a depositionprecipitation method and used as catalysts for RWGS. The supported Au catalyst gave CO with high selectivity over 99% from CO2 and H2, which is attributed to the formation of formates on Au and subsequent decomposition to CO on γ-Al2O3.

关键词： Reverse water–gas shift reaction Carbon dioxide Hydrogen Formate Carbon monoxide Alumina Gold

Profile and removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals by using an ER/AR competitive ligand binding assay and chemical analyses

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2009年第7期21卷 900-906页

作者： Ze-hua Liu Mamoru Ito Yoshinori Kanjo atsushi Yamamoto Department of Urban Engineering Graduate School of Engineering Osaka City University 3-3-138 Sugimoto Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences 8-34 Tojo-cho Tennoji-ku Osaka 543-0026 Japan

An estrogen receptor （ER）/androgen receptor （AR） ligand competitive binding assay （ER/AR-binding assay） and chemical analyses were used to evaluate the endocrine disrupting chemicals （EDCs） behavior of two municipal wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs）（K and S）. In the influents, estrone （E 1）, androsterone （A）, androstenedione （AD）, BPA （bisphenol A）, NP （nonylphenol） and daidzein （DZ） were detected in high amounts with subsequent 24 h-average concentrations of 350, 1000, 29, 1300, 3900, and 5700 ng/L in K-WWTP and of 310, 620, 59, 1600, 2600, and 8400 ng/L in S-WWTP. The estrogenic （androgenic） activity as 17β-estradiol （E2） equivalents （EEQ） or testosterone （Te） equivalents （TEQ） was consequently 620 ng E2/L （570 ng Te/L） and 580 ng E2/L （800 ng Te/L） for the two WWTPs. The removal efficiencies of the above mentioned sole target chemicals were 51%-100% for K-WWTP and 55.6%-100% for S-WWTP. The removal efficiencies of EEQ were about 73% for both WWTPs, while the removal efficiencies of TEQ were 62.1% for K-WWTP and 98.4% for S-WWTP. In addition, chemical-derived EEQ were about 1.2%-52.4% of those by ER-binding assay for K-WWTP and the corresponding ratios were 1.3%-83.3% for S-WWTP, while chemical derived TEQ were less than 3% of values measured by the AR-binding assay for both WWTPs.

关键词： bioassays ER-binding AR-binding 17β-estradiol equivalents testosterone equivalents

Resource assessment of copper deposits in China

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Journal of Central South University of Technology 2005年第Z1期12卷 108-113页

作者： ZHANG Qin-li GU De-sheng T. Shoji H. kaneda School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China School of Resources and Safety Engineering Central South University Changsha 410083 China Department of Environment System School of Frontier Sciences the University of Tokyo Tokyo 113-8656 Japan Department of Life Area Environmental Science Faculty of Science the Toho University Tiba 274-8510 Japan

Copper-bearing deposits of China are statistically analyzed in terms of ore grade, metal amount and ore tonnage. Each of grade and metal amount shows more or less a lognormal distribution. Analysis gives 10 copper metallogenic districts, each having specific densities of deposit numbers and copper reserves larger than 3. Based on the ratio of copper in ore value (Rcu), Chinese copper deposits are classified into two groups: mainly copper-producing deposits (MC: Rcu≥0.5) and accessorily copper-producing deposits (AC: Rcu＜0. 5). The grade-tonnage relation of MC deposits can be combined by two exponential functions approximating high grade (＞ 3.0 %) and low grade (＜2.0%) parts. The critical copper grade, which is obtained from the low grade part of the relation, is 0. 34 %. Chinese copper resources are concluded to become pessimistic, because some mines are working with grades close to this critical value. Taking account of the fact that many copper deposits are actually polymetallic, Cu-equivalent grades, which are converted from ratios of metal prices to the copper price, are also introduced. The critical Cu-equivalent grade of MC deposits (0. 43 % ) also suggests that Chinese copper resources are pessimistic.

关键词： copper resources critical grade assessment

Transition of early-phase treatment for acute pancreatitis: An analysis of nationwide epidemiological survey

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第16期23卷 2826-2831页

作者： Shin Hamada atsushi Masamune Tooru Shimosegawa Division of Gastroenterology Tohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendai 980-8574Japan

Treatment of acute pancreatitis(AP) is one of the critical challenges to the field of gastroenterology because of its high mortality rate and high medical costs associated with the treatment of severe cases. Early-phase treatments for AP have been optimized in Japan, and clinical guidelines have been provided. However, changes in early-phase treatments and the relationship between treatment strategy and clinical outcome remain unclear. Retrospective analysis of nationwide epidemiological data shows that time for AP diagnosis has shortened, and the amount of initial fluid resuscitation has increased over time, indicating the compliance with guidelines. In contrast, prophylactic use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has emerged. Despite the potential benefits of early enteral nutrition, its use is still limited. The roles of continuous regional arterial infusion in the improvement of prognosis and the prevention of late complications are uncertain. Furthermore, early-phase treatments have had little impact on late-phase complications, such as walledoff necrosis, surgery requirements and late(> 4 w) AP-related death. Based on these observations, earlyphase treatments for AP in Japan have approached the optimal level, but late-phase complications have become concerning issues. Early-phase treatments and the therapeutic strategy for late-phase complications both need to be optimized based on firm clinical evidence and cost-effectiveness.

关键词： Diagnostic time Fluid resuscitation Enteral nutrition Continuous regional arterial infusion Walledoff necrosis

Management of acute pancreatitis in Japan: analysis of nationwide epidemiological survey

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第28期22卷 6335-6344页

作者： Shin Hamada atsushi Masamune Tooru Shimosegawa Division of Gastroenterology Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine

Acute pancreatitis(AP) is an acute inflammatory disease of the exocrine pancreas. In Japan, nationwide epidemiological surveys have been conducted every 4 to 5 years by the Research Committee of Intractable Pancreatic Diseases, under the support of the Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare of Japan. We reviewed the results of the nationwide surveys focusing on the severity assessment and changes in the therapeutic strategy for walled-off necrosis. The severity assessment system currently used in Japan consists of 9 prognostic factors and the imaging grade on contrastenhanced computed tomography. By univariate analysis, all of the 9 prognostic factors were associated with AP-related death. A multivariate analysis identified 4 out of the 9 prognostic factors(base excess or shock, renal failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria, and age) that were associated with AP-related death. Receiver-operating characteristics curve analysis showed that the area under the curve was 0.82 for these 4 prognostic factors and 0.84 for the 9 prognostic factors, suggesting the comparable utility of these 4 factors in the severity assessment. We also examined the temporal changes in treatment strategy for walled-off necrosis in Japan according to the 2003, 2007, and 2011 surveys. Step-up approaches and lessinvasive endoscopic therapies were uncommon in 2003 and 2007, but became popular in 2011. Mortality has been decreasing in patients who require intervention for walled-off necrosis. In conclusion, the nationwide survey revealed the comparable utility of 4 prognostic factors in the severity assessment and the increased use of less-invasive, step-up approaches with improved clinical outcomes in the management of walled-off necrosis.

关键词： Endoscopic necrosectomy Diagnostic criteria Epidemiology Pancreatic pseudocyst Systemic inflammatory response syndrome Step-up approach Walled-off necrosis

SURFACE RHEOLOGY OF POLYMERIC SOLIDS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2000年第3期18卷 239-248页

作者： Tisato Kajiyama Keiji Tanaka Noriaki Satomi atsushi Takahara Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering.Kyushu University6-10-1 HakozakiHigashi-kuFukuoka 812-8581Japan

Surface molecular motions of amorphous polymeric solids have been directly measured on the basis of scanningviscoelasticity microscopic(SVM)and lateral force microscopic(LFM)*** and LFM measurements werecarried out for films of conventional monodisperse polystyrene(PS)with sec-butyl and proton-terminated end groups atroom *** the case of the number-average molecular weight,M_(n),less than ca.4.0×10^(4),the surface was in a glass-rubber transition state even though the bulk glass transition temperature,T_(g)was far above room temperature,meaning thatthe surface molecular motion was fairly active compared with that in the *** measurements of the,monodisperse PSfilms at various scanning rates and temperatures revealed that the time-temperature superposition was applicable to thesurface mechanical relaxation behavior and also that the surface glass transition temperature,T_(g)^(σ),was depressed incomparison with the bulk one even though the magnitude of M_n was fairly high at 1.40×10~*** surface molecular motionof monodisperse PS with various chain end groups was investigated on the basis of temperature-dependent scanningviscoelasticity microscopy(TDSVM).The T_(g)^(σ)s for the PS films with M_n of 4.9×10^(6)to 1.45×10^(6)measured by TDSVMwere smaller than those for the bulk one,with corresponding M_ns,and the T_(g)^(σ)s for M_ns smaller than ca.4.0×10^(4)were lowerthan room temperature(293 K).The active thermal molecular motion at the polymeric solid surface can be interpreted interms of an excess free volume near the surface region induced by the surface localization of chain end *** the case ofM_n=ca.5.0×10^(4),the T_(g)^(σ)s for theα,ω-diamino-terminated PS(α,ω-PS(NH_2)_2)andα,ω-dicarboxy-terminated PS(α,ω-PS(COOH)_2)films were higher than that of the PS *** change of T_(g)^(σ)for the PS film with various chain end groups canbe explained in terms of the depth distribution of chain end groups at the surface region depending on

关键词： Surface rheology Chain end groups Scanning force microscope

Limitations of liver biopsy and non-invasive diagnostic tests for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第2期20卷 475-485页

作者： Yoshio Sumida atsushi Nakajima Yoshito Itoh Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyoto 602-8566Japan Division of Gastroenterology Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohama 236-0004Japan

It is estimated that 30% of the adult population in Japan is affected by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fatty changes of the liver are generally diagnosed using imaging methods such as abdominal ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT), but the sensitivity of these imaging techniques is low in cases of mild steatosis. Alanine aminotransferase levels may be normal in some of these patients, warranting the necessity to establish a set of parameters useful for detecting NAFLD, and the more severe form of the disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although liver biopsy is currently the gold standard for diagnosing progressive NASH, it has many drawbacks, such as sampling error, cost, and risk of complications. Furthermore, it is not realistic to perform liver biopsies on all NAFLD patients. Diagnosis of NASH using various biomarkers, scoring systems and imaging methods, such as elastography, has recently been attempted. The NAFIC score, calculated from the levels of ferritin, fasting insulin, and type IV collagen 7S, is useful for the diagnosis of NASH, while the NAFLD fibrosis score and the FIB-4 index are useful for excluding NASH in cases of advanced fibrosis. This article reviews the limitations and merits of liver biopsy and noninvasive diagnostic tests in the diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Liver biopsy Steatosis Fibrosis Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

Guadalupian (Middle Permian) Radiolarian and Sponge Spicule Faunas from the Bancheng Formation of the Qinzhou Allochthon,South China

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Journal of Earth Science 2013年第2期24卷 145-156页

作者： Ito Tsuyoshi 张磊冯庆来 Matsuoka atsushi State Key Laboratory for Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University of Geosciences Graduate School of Science and Technology Niigata University Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceNiigata University

The Gujingling （古井岭） Section in Xiaodong （小董）, Guangxi （广西） Zhuang Autonomous Region, China, consists of cherts and siliceous siltstones, which belongs to the Bancheng （板城）Formation of the Qinzhou （钦州） allochthon. Three successive radiolarian assemblage-zones related to the Guadalupian （Middle Permian） appear in the section in the following ascending order： Pseudoalbaillella sp. aff. Pseudoaibailleila longicornis-Pseudoalbaillella fusiformis, Follicucuilus monacanthus, and Follicucuilus scholasticus-Foilicucullus porrectus. The radiolarian content in this section is generally greater than that of sponge spicules. The radiolarian fauna commonly consists of abundant Albaillellaria and spherical radiolaria with minor Latentifistularia and Entactinaria. The sponge fauna is composed mainly of hexactinellids with minor demosponges. These siliceous fossil faunal features, comparable with those in a deep basin of the western belt of the Phosphoria Basin in the western United States, indicate that the Bancheng Formation in the Gujingling Section was deposited in a basin deeper than 1 000 m. The siliceous siltstones in the section are characterized by inclusion of silt-sized quartz and no inclusion of sand-sized materials, suggesting that the Gujingling Section was located at least a few hundred kilometers from the South China Block in the Guadalupian.

关键词： radiolarian fossil sponge spicule Guadalupian (Middle Permian) Bancheng Formation Qinzhou allochthon paleobathymerry.

Polystyrene-based blend nanorods with gradient composition distribution

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Science China Chemistry 2012年第5期55卷 726-734页

作者： WU Hui SU ZhaoHui TERAYAMA Yuki TAKAHARA atsushi Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China Graduate School of Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan

The polystyrene-based polymer blends, partially miscible poly(bisphenol A carbonate)/polystyrene (PC/PS) and completely miscible poly(2,6-dimethylphenylene oxide)/polystyrene (PPO/PS), in nanorods with gradient composition distribution were discussed. The polymer blend nanorods were prepared by infiltrating the polymer blends into nanopores of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates via capillary action. Their morphology was investigated by micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (micro-FTIR) and nano-thermal analysis (nano-TA) with spatial resolution. The composition gradient of polymer blends in the nanopores is governed by the difference of viscosity and miscibility between the two polymers in the blends and the pore diameter. The capillary wetting of porous AAO templates by polymer blends offers a unique method to fabricate functional nanostructured materials with gradient composition distribution for the potential application to nanodevices.

关键词： nanorods gradient composition distribution polymer blends anodic aluminum oxide micro-FTIR nano-TA