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Construction Technology of Biodigesters in Senegal

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Energy and Power Engineering 2023年第10期15卷 329-339页

作者： Momath ndiaye Madialène Sene Goumbo ndiaye Ed Léon Sadio UFR Fundamental Sciences and Engineering University of Sine Saloum El Hadj Ibrahima NIASS Kaolack Senegal SEN’EAU Dakar Senegal Renewable and Cold Energies University of Sine Saloum El Hadj Ibrahima NIASS Kaolack Senegal

Faced with the depletion of fossil energy resources and given the current context of the fight against climate change, Renewable Energies (RE) represent an increasingly growing challenge. Of all these energies, those resulting from the biomethanization of biomass now provide an opportunity in the world of farmers and breeders. The treatment of agro-pastoral residues by anaerobic digestion has been the subject of renewed interest in recent years, thanks in particular to the production of energy from biomass, not to mention the production of fertilizers from effluents. Expelled from the digesters. This method of transformation offers many environmental, socio-economic and agricultural interests. Indeed, the biogas obtained from organic matter allows, among other things, to cook, light houses, and produce electricity and heat. The objective of this study is to compare the construction techniques and costs of the biodigester models that exist in Senegal. There are many biodigesters, the choice of an installation depends on the available space and the nature of the soil. Several types of biodigester technologies are installed in Senegal. The GGC 2047 fixed dome, the RMB geomembrane and the BEG geomembrane. First we will describe the construction techniques of the modified GGC model fixed dome biodigester, then of the RMB model geomembrane and finally of the BEG model geomembrane.

关键词： Biodigester Biomass Fixed Dome Geomembrane Renewables Energies

Identification of a Cam Clay Model through Shear-Box and Oedometer Tests. Application to Lateritical Soils from Senegal (West Africa)

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Geomaterials 2018年第1期8卷 1-13页

作者： Cheikhou ndiaye Yves Berthaud Laboratoire de Mécanique et Modélisation-UFR Sciences de l’Ingénieur Université de Thiès Thiès Sénégal Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06 CNRS Institut Jean le Rond d’Alembert Paris France

The main objective of this research is to study the mechanical behaviour of tropical soils using elasto-plastic constitutive equations in the so-called limit and critical states. Indeed, researchers of the Cambridge University had noticed that during their various experiments, the rate of volumetric deformation ( ) of the sample tending to zero every time the rupture of the specimen is reached during a test performed on a clay specimen Roscoe et al., 1958. To better understand and clarify this mechanical behaviour, a description has been proposed in the (e, p, q) representation that means void ratio, volumetric stress (spherical pressure) and deviatoric stress. This frame of theoretical study and apprehension is called: the theory of the Critical State. One of the major problems met at the time of our present research is the non-availability of triaxial apparatus allowing us to achieve some tests on tropical soils (samples from Senegal in West Africa) and to describe the behaviour of these materials easily like the researchers of the university of Cambridge in the theory of the critical state. To by-pass this difficulty, we decided to consider two very classical and simple mechanical tests: shear-box and the oedometer test as well as the interrelationship of the results given by the tests and some theoretical calculations. This is a way to identify an elasto-plastic model (the modified Cam Clay model) without any triaxial experiment. Indeed it supposes the model to be suitable to describe the mechanical behaviour of the considered clays.

关键词： Behaviour Elasto-plastic Limit State Critical State Volumetric Distortion Theory Triaxial Shearing Oedometer Cam Clay

Effect of Physical and Geometrical Parameters on Nuselt Number

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2022年第2期12卷 154-167页

作者： Momath ndiaye Madialène Sene Mamadou Salif Mané Goumbo ndiaye Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics Hydraulics and Transfers Faculty of Science and Technology University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar Dakar Senegal Hydraulics Rural Engineering Machinery and Renewable Energies Training and Research Unit University of Sine Saloum El Hadj Ibrahima NIASS Kaolack Senegal Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar Dakar Senegal Sen’eau Dakar Senegal

The results of this study show that the Nusselt number decreases with the increase of the dimensionless thermal conductivity and the Prandtl, Froude numbers. The increased Reynolds, Jacob numbers and the dimensionless... 详细信息

关键词： Condensation Forced Convection Vertical Wall Nusselt Number

Study of the Impact of Grid Disconnections on the Production of a Photovoltaic Solar Power Plant: Case of Diamniadio Power Plant

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2023年第6期11卷 16-25页

作者： Amadou ndiaye Mohamed Cherif Aidara Amy Mbaye Mamadou Lamine ndiaye Laboratoire Eau-Energie-Environnement-Procédés Industriels (L3EPI) Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) Dakar Senegal

Today, renewable energy projects connected to the interconnected network, with powers of the order of tens of megawatts, are more and more numerous in sub-Saharan Africa. And financing these investments requires a reliable amortization schedule. In the context of photovoltaic systems connected to the interconnected electricity grid, the quintessence of damping is the amount of energy injected into the grid. Thus it is fundamental to know the parameters of this network and their variation. This paper presents an evaluation of the impact of power grid disturbances on the performance of a solar PV plant under real conditions. The CICAD photovoltaic solar plant, connected to the Senelec distribution network, with an installed capacity of 2 MWp is the study setting. An energy audit of the plant is carried out. Then the percentage of each loss is determined: voltage drops, module degradation, inverter efficiency. The duration of each disconnection is measured and recorded daily. The corresponding quantity of lost energy is thus calculated from meteorological data (irradiation, temperature, wind speed, illumination) recorded by the measurement unit in one-minute steps. The observation period is three months. The total duration of disconnections related to the instability of the electrical network during the study period is 46.7 hours. The amount of energy lost is estimated at 22.6 MWh. This represents 2.4% of the actual calculated production.

关键词： Photovoltaic Power Plant Disconnections Network Evaluation Lost En-ergy

Characterization of Oils Produced from Jatropha Curcas, Peanut and White Sesame in Burkina Faso for Possible Enable Synthesis of Biofuels

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2022年第5期10卷 39-53页

作者： Momath ndiaye Madialène Sene Goumbo ndiaye Mamadou Salif Mané Hydraulics Rural Engineering Machinery and Renewable Energies Training and Research Unit University of Sine Saloum El Hadj Ibrahima NIASS Kaolack Senegal Sen’eau Dakar Senegal Faculty of Sciences and Techniques Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar Dakar Senegal

The indispensable role of energy in the correct functioning of economies and the current depletion of fossil fuels which are not renewable, have made the search for alternative energy sources a major point of reflection worldwide. Vegetable oils are increasingly being considered as a possible replacement for fossil fuels in countries of the south and North. In order to vulgarize the use of vegetable oil as fuel, it is essential that analytical protocols and standards are elaborated to assure the quality of oils as fuels. This work aims at developing protocols for the characterization of oilseeds and their resultant oils in a bid to ensure their quality for direct use as Biofuels or better still to serve as raw material in producing Biofuels. These protocols have the advantage of being reproducible, fast, and simple to implement compared to those used in Europe to characterize the oils (very complex and expensive, applied to petroleum products). Cotton, Jatropha curcas, white sesame, and peanut grains were acquired from the Zogona local market, Ouagadougou, and oil extraction was done at the village level. The resultant oils were characterized. Their physicochemical parameters (water content, oil content, acid index, the calorific value, density, and viscosity....) were evaluated at the Biomass Energy and Biofuels Laboratory (LBEB) of the International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering (2iE) and the Burkinabé National Hydrocarbons Authority (SONABHY) Laboratory. The oilseed grain cakes (moisture, ash rate, rate of volatile matter, and oil content...) were also analysed.

关键词： Biomass Oleaginous Physical Parameters Chemical Parameters Biofuel Vegetable Oils

沿冰层表面流注传播场稳定性的实验研究与分析(英文)

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高电压技术 2009年第6期35卷 1284-1293页

作者： I.ndiaye M.Farzaneh K.D.Srivastava NSERC/Hydro-Quebec/UQAC Industrial Chair on Atmospheric Icing of Power Network Equipment(CIGELE) and Canada Research Chair on Engineering of Power Network Atmospheric Icing(INGIVRE) at Universit du Qubec Chicoutimi University of British Columbia Department of Electrical & Computer EngineeringVancouver

The electric field required for stable propagation of a positive streamer along an ice surface was investigated by measuring the currents associated with the streamer *** influence of the surface properties,namely the existence of a water film on the ice surface and surface contamination,was *** showed that in the presence of an ice surface,except in case of low conductive surface,streamers propagate stably with an external field lower than that generally measured for propagation in air alone(approximately 5 kV/cm).For higher contamination levels,the stability field was found to be slightly influenced by the temperature,while for lower contamination levels,it decreased significantly with an increase in temperature.

关键词：电场电子稳定性绝缘技术

Differential Calculus the Study of the Growth and Decay of an Entity’s Population

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2023年第9期11卷 2644-2651页

作者： Lansana Toure Mouctar ndiaye Department of Business Administration Julius Nyéréré University Kankan Guinea Department of Mathematics Julius Nyéré University Kankan Guinea

Population Growth and Decay study of the growth or the decrease of a population of a given entity, is carried out according to the environment. In an infinite environment, i.e. when the resources are unlimited, a population P believes according to the following differential equation P’ = KP, with the application of the differential calculus we obtasin an exponential function of the variable time (t). The function of which we can predict approximately a population according to the signs of k and time (t). If k > 0, we speak of the Malthusian croissant. On the other hand, in a finite environment i.e. when resources are limited, the population cannot exceed a certain value. and it satisfies the logistic equation proposed by the economist Francois Verhulst: P’ = P(1-P).

关键词： Growth Decay an Exponential Function Logistic Equation Differential Equation Graph of the Differential Equation

Comparative and Prospective Evaluation of the Carbon Potential of the Mangrove of the Sine-Saloum Delta (Senegal) from 2016 to 2021

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第9期14卷 994-1008页

作者： Salimata Mouhamad Diop Massamba Thiam Ousmane ndiaye Saliou ndiaye Cherif Cisse Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Agriculture Université Iba Der Thiam de Thiès Thiès Senegal Direction des Eaux et Forêts Chasses et Conservation des Sols Dakar Senegal Association Pour la Promotion des Initiatives Locales Dakar Senegal

With the rupture of the Sangomar spit and climate change, ecosystem functions such as carbon absorption and storage by the Saloum Delta Biosphere Reserve are threatened. Initiatives are carried out as a response to the degradation of the mangrove ecosystem, such as the PRECEMA project. To measure its impact, an assessment of the carbon potential of the mangrove was conducted in 2016 on permanent plots. The present study is part of the monitoring of carbon potential. It aims to contribute to the updating of information on the evaluation of carbon storage potential. The method “afforestation and reforestation of degraded mangrove habitats on a large scale CDM or AR-AM0014 version 04.0” was applied. The mangrove vegetation assessed is dominated by Rhizophora racemosa with 69.9% of the total. With a relatively bushy habit (height = 1.91 m), the height distribution shows a right skewness (Skewness = 2.17;Kurtosis = 4.07) with a tail containing more observations than a normal distribution. The distribution is observed for diameters is skewed with Skewness = 1.5 but Kurtosis = 2.3. Thus the stand is young with an average diameter of 3.90 cm and 79.6% of the trees have a diameter 5 cm. The annual increase in carbon potential of the mangrove has decreased by 80% in 5 years (2016 assessment - 2021 assessment). For a 15-year period, the total carbon stock projected by the model increases globally from 201.396 TeqCO2 in 2011 to 277,318 TeqCO2 in 2026. The projections showed an overall annual stock decrease of 14,164 TeqCO2 (94%). For 2021, the total projected stock (270.289 TeqCO2) is slightly higher than the assessed stock (251.059 TeqCO2), a difference of 7%. Also, the projected annual carbon stock for 2021 (2844 TeqCO2) is higher than the assessed stock (1353 TeqCO2), a gap of 52%.

关键词： Carbon Sequestration Mangrove Forest Sangomar

Adenopathies in Internal Medicine Etiological Profile and Diagnostic Limits

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2017年第3期7卷 80-96页

作者： Michel Assane Ndour atoumane Faye Abdoulaye Leye Boundia Djiba Maimouna Sow Sy Baydi Kane Ngoné Diaba Diack Fall Codou Biram Yakham Mohamed Leye Mouhamed Dieng Nafy ndiaye Léa Marie Kabou Abdoulaye Pouye Department of Internal Medicine/Endocrinology National Pikine Hospital Center Dakar Sénégal Department of Internal Medicine Center Hospital Aristide Le Dantec Dakar Sénégal Department of Hematology Center Hospital Aristide Le Dantec Dakar Sénégal

INTRODUCTION: An adenopathy is a pathological hypertrophy of a lymph node of various etiologies requiring a rigorous approach. Thus we proposed in this work to study the etiological particularities of patients admitted for adenopathy in order to identify their specificities. METHODS: This was an observational study of a transverse and descriptive type, which took place from 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2016 in the internal medicine department of the Aristide Le Dantec national hospital in Dakar. RESULTS: We identified 84 patients, consisted of 46 male and 38 female. The sex ratio was 1.2. The mean age was 37.5 years. The consultation period was on average 2 months with extremes of 1 month and 1 year. The mean hospital stay was 29. 2 days with extremes of 1 week and 2 months. The etiologies found were classified into 6 groups. Hemopathies (30.9%) were dominated by acute leukemia in 8 patients (9.52%), non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in 9 patients (9.5%), Hodgkin’s disease in 5 patients (5.9%). Chronic lymphocytic leukemia was retained in 3 patients (3.5%) and Castleman disease in 1 patient. Systemic diseases (11.9%) were divided into lupus disease in 4 patients and rheumatoid arthritis in 4 patients, one case of Sj?gren’s syndrome and one case of sarcoidosis. Infections were very frequent in our study, found in 34 patients (40.4%). Tuberculosis was more frequent (27.3%). The association with HIV was noted in 4 patients. The other infections were pyogenic in 3 patients (3.5%), HIV in 6 patients (7.1%), Borrelia and toxoplasma in 1 patient respectively. Cancers (8.3%) were metastatic of primary tumors including the esophagus, lung, prostate, cavum, stomach, pancreas and breast, one case each. One patient presented lymphadenopathy with inguinal localization, the etiology of which was found to be thrombophlebitis of the right lower limb. The hystiocytic pathologies (3.5%) were all related to lymphohystiocytic activation syndrome (LHAS) secondary to tuberculosis in 2 patients and pyomyo

关键词： Adenopathy Etiologies Dakar Diagnostic Limits