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Measuring consciousness in coma and related states

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World Journal of Radiology 2014年第8期6卷 589-597页

作者： Carol Di Perri Aurore Thibaut Lizette Heine Andrea Soddu athena demertzi Steven Laureys Neuroradiology National Neurological Institute C Mondino 27100 Pavia Italy Cyclotron Research Center and Neu-rology Department Coma Science Group University of Liège Physics and Astrono-my Department Western University London Ontario N6A 3K7 Canada

Consciousness is a prismatic and ambiguous concept that still eludes any universal definition. Severe acquired brain injuries resulting in a disorder of con-sciousness(DOC) provide a model from which insights into consciousness can be drawn. A number of recent studies highlight the difficulty in making a diagnosis in patients with DOC based only on behavioral assessments. Here we aim to provide an overview of how neuroimaging techniques can help assess patients with DOC. Such techniques are expected to facilitate a more accurate understanding of brain function in states of unconsciousness and to improve the evaluation of thepatient's cognitive abilities by providing both diagnostic and prognostic indicators.

关键词： Disorders of consciousness Neuroimaging Magnetic resonance imaging Transcranial magnetic stimulation/electroencephalography Minimally conscious state Vegetative state/unresponsive wakefulness syndrome

Cassini-Huygens results on Titan's surface

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Chinese Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics 2009年第3期9卷 249-268页

作者： athena Coustenis Mathieu Hirtzig LESIA Observatoire de Meudon

Our understanding of Titan, Saturn＇s largest satellite, has recently been considerably enhanced, thanks to the Cassini-Huygens mission. Since the Saturn Orbit Injection in July 2004, the probe has been harvesting new insights of the Kronian system. In particular, this mission orchestrated a climax on January 14, 2005 with the descent of the Huygens probe into Titan＇s thick atmosphere. The orbiter and the lander have provided us with picturesque views of extraterrestrial landscapes, new in composition but reassuringly Earth-like in shape. Thus, Saturn＇s largest satellite displays chains of mountains, fields of dark and damp dunes, lakes and possibly geologic activity. As on Earth, landscapes on Titan are eroded and modeled by some alien hydrology： dendritic systems, hydrocarbon lakes, and methane clouds imply periods of heavy rainfalls, even though rain was never observed directly. Titan＇s surface also proved to be geologically active - today or in the recent past - given the small number of impact craters listed to date, as well as a few possible cryovolcanic features. We attempt hereafter a synthesis of the most significant results of the Cassini-Huygens endeavor, with emphasis on the surface.

关键词： planets and satellites Titan - space vehicles

Management of carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in rats by syngeneic hepatocyte transplantation in spleen and peritoneal cavity

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2004年第14期10卷 2099-2102页

作者： Charalampos Pilichos Despina Perrea Maria Demonakou athena Preza Ismini Donta Third Department of Propaudeutic Surgery University of AthensSotiria HospitalAthensHellas Laboratory of Experimental Surgery University of AthensHellas Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy Sismanogleion General HospitalAthensHellas

AIM:Acute hepatitis may seldom have a fulminant course. In the treatment of this medical emergency,potential liver support measure must provide immediate and sufficient assistance to the hepatic *** goal of our study was to study the adequacy of hepatocyte transplantation (HCTx)in two different anatomical sites,splenic parenchyma and peritoneal cavity,in a rat model of reversible acute hepatitis induced by carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4). METHODS:After CCl_4 intoxication,84 male Wistar rats used as recipients were divided in to four experimental groups accordingly to their treatment:Group A(n=-24):intrasplenic transplantation of 10×10~6 isolated hepatocytes,Group B(n=24): intraperitoneal transplantation of 20×10~6 isolated hepatocytes attached on plastic microcarriers,Group C(n=-18):intrasplenic injection of 1 mL normal saline(sham-operated controls), Group D(n=-18):intraperitoneal injection of 2.5 mL normal saline(sham-operated controls).Survival,liver function tests (LFT)and histology were studied in all four groups,on d 2, 5 and 10 post-HCTx. RESULTS:The ten-day survival(and mean survival)in the 4 groups was 72.2%(8.1±3.1),33.3%(5.4±3.4),0% (3.1±1.3)and 33.3%(5.4±3.6)in groups A,B,C,D, respectively(P_(AB0<0.05,P_(AC)<0.05,P_(BD)=NS).In the final survivors,LFT(except alkaline phosphatase)and hepatic histology returned to normal,independently of their previous *** hepatocytes were identified within splenic parenchyma(in group A on d 2)and both in the native liver and the fatty tissue of abdominal wall(in group B on d 5). CONCLUSION:A significantly better survival of the intrasplenically transplanted animals has been demonstrated. Intraperitoneal hepatocytes failed to promptly engraft.A different timing between liver injury and intraperitoneal HCTx may give better results and merits further investigation.

关键词： Carbon Tetrachloride Acute Disease Animals Comparative Study Hepatitis, Toxic Hepatocytes Male Peritoneal Cavity Rats Rats, Wistar Spleen Survival Analysis

Coping with Infertility: An Explorative Study of South African Women’s Experiences

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2015年第1期5卷 49-59页

作者： athena Pedro Psychology Department University of the Western Cape Bellville South Africa

The expectation of getting married and having children is for many individuals a natural part of adult life. Many young people anticipate the prospect of becoming biological mothers and fathers. This expectation of parenthood emanates as individuals and couples are socially groomed to aspire to this social norm. Therefore, infertility can be a very traumatic and tormenting time for many men and women who aspire to conform to these socio-cultural conventions of normative parenthood and who believe that childbearing is central to their lives. Infertility is medically defined as the inability to achieve a pregnancy after a period of at least twelve months of regular sexual intercourse without contraception. For both men and women infertility may present pervasive feelings of incompleteness, a sense of failure and inadequacy. However, infertile women tend to endure a myriad of feeling losses and high levels of suffering and sorrow as a result of their inability to have children. This study explored a sample of South Africa women’s experiences of coping with infertility. Utilising a qualitative methodology, a diverse group of 21 married women who were diagnosed with primary infertility were recruited. Semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews were conducted and the data were analysed using thematic analysis. The results of the study indicated that the women reported emotional turmoil characterised by emotions such as disappointment and shock, anger and frustration, a deep sense of sadness and then progressed to experience a sense of acknowledgement that a problem existed. The findings of this study suggest that severe psychological and emotional strain accompany infertility. The coping strategies employed by these women in the study included social withdrawal and women isolating themselves from social events and social gatherings, avoiding pregnant women and women with children, engaging in escapism strategies on both a psychological level and a physical level. Emp

关键词： Infertility Psychological and Emotional Trauma Motherhood Involuntary Childlessness Coping

An Efficient 3D CNN Framework with Attention Mechanisms for Alzheimer’s Disease Classification

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第11期47卷 2097-2118页

作者： athena George Bejoy Abraham Neetha George Linu Shine Sivakumar Ramachandran Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering College of EngineeringTrivandrum695016India Department of Computer Science and Engineering College of Engineering MuttatharaTrivandrum695008India Department of Electronics and Communication Rajeev Gandhi Institute of TechnologyKottayam686501India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Government Engineering CollegeWayanad670644India

Neurodegeneration is the gradual deterioration and eventual death of brain cells,leading to progressive loss of structure and function of neurons in the brain and nervous *** disorders,such as Alzheimer’s,Huntington’s,Parkinson’s,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,multiple system atrophy,and multiple sclerosis,are characterized by progressive deterioration of brain function,resulting in symptoms such as memory impairment,movement difficulties,and cognitive *** diagnosis of these conditions is crucial to slowing down cell degeneration and reducing the severity of the *** resonance imaging(MRI)is widely used by neurologists for diagnosing brain *** majority of the research in this field focuses on processing the 2D images extracted from the 3D MRI volumetric scans for disease *** might result in losing the volumetric information obtained from the whole brain *** address this problem,a novel 3D-CNN architecture with an attention mechanism is proposed to classify whole-brain MRI images for Alzheimer’s disease(AD)*** 3D-CNN model uses channel and spatial attention mechanisms to extract relevant features and improve accuracy in identifying brain dysfunctions by focusing on specific regions of the *** pipeline takes pre-processed MRI volumetric scans as input,and the 3D-CNN model leverages both channel and spatial attention mechanisms to extract precise feature representations of the input MRI volume for accurate *** present study utilizes the publicly available Alzheimer’s disease Neuroimaging Initiative(ADNI)dataset,which has three image classes:Mild Cognitive Impairment(MCI),Cognitive Normal(CN),and AD *** proposed approach achieves an overall accuracy of 79%when classifying three classes and an average accuracy of 87%when identifying AD and the other two *** findings reveal that 3D-CNN models with an attention mechanism exhibit significantly higher classi

关键词： 3D CNN alzheimer’s disease attention mechanism classification

An exploratory study of South African women’s experiences of In Vitro Fertilisation and Embryo Transfer (IVE-ET) at fertility clinics

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2013年第8期3卷 470-478页

作者： athena Pedro Kelvin Mwaba Department of Psychology University of the Western Cape Bellville South Africa

Infertility is considered to be a growing problem worldwide. In sub-Saharan Africa, at least 20%-50% of couples of reproductive age experience a fertility problem and 30% are diagnosed with infertility. This study explores the experiences of women in South Africa who are involuntary childless and explores their psychological and emotional experiences of In Vitro Fertilisation and Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET). Utilising a qualitative methodology, a diverse group of 21 married women diagnosed with infertility and who had undergone at least two cycles of IVF-ET were recruited. Semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews were conducted and the data were analysed using thematic analysis. The results of the study indicated that the women perceived themselves as not conforming to a dominant belief system and as a result felt compelled to explore all the medical options available. They reported emotional turmoil characterised by primary binary emotions of anxiety-excitement and nervousness-optimistic. These emotions were experienced throughout the five stages of the IVF-ET treatment cycles. A synopsis of the psychological and emotional responses to the IVF-ET treatment is discussed. The findings of this study suggest the need for the incorporation of a mandatory psychosocial intervention as part of infertility management. Greater attention to the psychological and emotional repercussions of infertility treatment could lead to a more personalised client-approach which, in turn, would prepare infertile women and couples for the emotional demands of the treatment.

关键词： Infertility In Vitro Fertilisation and Embryo Transfer Social Constructionist Psychological and Emotional

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Mouth or Mouse

棒棒英语（中、英文对照） 2011年第12期 22-23页

作者： athena 符劼（图）

最近花音小姐家中鼠患成灾，用什么对付老鼠既环保又有效？当然是养一只能干的猫咪啦!

关键词：英语教学教学方法阅读教学小学

A Qualitative Exploration of South African Women’s Psychological and Emotional Experiences of Infertility

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2014年第5期4卷 327-337页

作者： athena Pedro Michelle Andipatin Psychology Department University of the Western Cape Bellville South Africa

Despite the high prevalence of infertility in Africa, the study of reproductive health in Africa, has for the most part, not addressed the impact of involuntary childlessness on women. In contrast, the health priority has been on fertility regulation rather than on infertility. In Sub-Saharan Africa, at least 20% - 50% of couples of reproductive age experience a fertility problem and 30% are diagnosed with infertility. This study explored a sample of South Africa women’s psychological and emotional experiences of infertility or involuntary childlessness. Utilising a qualitative methodology, 21 married women who were diagnosed with infertility were recruited. Semi-structured, indepth individual interviews were conducted and the data were analysed using thematic analysis. The results of the study indicated that the women reported emotional turmoil characterised by emotions such as disappointment and shock, anger and frustration, a deep sense of sadness and then progressed to experience a sense of acknowledgement that a problem existed. Within each of these emotional phases the emotions of hope and optimism were present. The findings of this study suggest that severe psychological and emotional tug-of-war effects accompany infertility. Possible coping strategies for women struggling with infertility are discussed.

关键词： Infertility Psychological and Emotional Trauma Motherhood Involuntary Childlessness

Potential risk of liver injury in epileptic patients during COVID-19 pandemic

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World Journal of Virology 2022年第6期11卷 467-476页

作者： Nasim Tabrizi athena Sharifi-Razavi Department of Neurology Mazandaran University of Medical SciencesSari ***Iran

Most of the antiseizure medications(ASMs)are metabolized in liver and many of them particularly first-generation ASMs have the potential to increase liver enzymes or induce liver ***,treatment of new onset seizures or epilepsy by ASMs during the course of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),which could potentially be complicated by hepatic dysfunction,is a challenging clinical *** form of levetiracetam which has no significant hepatic metabolism or drug-drug interaction is often a favorable option to control seizures in acute phase of *** of enzyme inducer ASMs and valproate with the well-known hepatotoxicity and common drug interactions is not generally *** patients with epilepsy who are under control with potentially hepatotoxic ASMs,close observation and cautious dose reduction or drug switch should be considered if any evidence of hepatic impairment ***,risks of possible breakthrough seizures should be weighed against benefits of lowering the hazard of liver *** patients with epilepsy who receive polytherapy with ASMs,transient dose modification with the tendency to increase the dose of ASMs with more favorable safety profile and less drug interaction and decrease the dose of drugs with main hepatic metabolism,high protein binding,potential to cause liver injury and known drug-drug reaction should be ***,decision making should be individualized based on patients’conditions and course of illness.

关键词： COVID-19 Epilepsy Seizure Drug induced liver injury Corona virus Hepatic failure