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Nutrients Flow as Affected by Cropping System and Production Niche in Smallholder Farmers of Cyabayaga Watershed

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Agricultural Sciences 2016年第5期7卷 287-294页

作者： Michel Kabirigi Bernard Musana Desire Mbarushimana Kagabo athanase mukuralinda Nsharwatsi Leon Nabahungu Rwanda Agriculture Board (RAB) Research Unit of Natural Resources Management Kigali Rwanda International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) Kigali Rwanda International Council for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) Kigali Rwanda International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Bukavu Democratic Republic of the Congo

Nutrient-balance assessments are valuable tools for both planning and monitoring the implementation of sustainable integrated soil fertility management strategies. The aim of this study was to assess nutrient flows as affected by cropping systems and production niche in soils of Cyabayaga watershed. yabayaga watershed is located in Nyagatare district, Eastern province of Rwanda. Production niches considered are homestead fields, remote hillside fields and wetland fields. Partial nutrient (N, P and K) flows were collected through a survey using MonQi structured questionnaire, administrated to a random sample of 35 farmers. There was nitrogen (N) and Potassium (K) negative balances (– 67.5 kg N ha-1 season-1 and – 7.7 kg K ha-1 season-1 respectively) whereas phosphorous (P) balance was positive (17.4 kg P ha-1 season-1). N, P and K balances were negative in bean, maize-bean, cassava, groundnut, maize, onion, sorghum and tomato and positive in rice, banana and banana-bean. Highest amount of nutrients were significantly allocated in wetland fields while allocation of nutrients in homestead fields and remote hillside fields was almost the same. Groundnut and maize plots were experiencing highest negative nutrients balance (e.g. N balance in groundnut plot was – 40.6 N ha-1 season-1). N and K balance were positive in rice and banana plots;whilst P balance was positive in banana, bean, maize, rice and tomato plots. Partial nutrients flow and balance from this study show that nutrient depletion is a problem in the study area. A special attention should be put to fertility management and alternative solution for less fertile soil (uplands in particular), especially for farm that have reduced land size. From this respect, conservation agriculture is the main farm management which could be recommended.

关键词： Nutrient Balance Production Niches ISFM Cyabayaga Watershed

Tea Production Response to Seasonal Rainfall Variability: Evidence from Rwanda

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 909-938页

作者： Joseph Ndagijimana athanase Hafashimana Department of Economics College of Business and Economics University of Rwanda Rwanda The African Centre of Excellence in Data Science University of Rwanda Rwanda

Tea is a very important cash crop in Rwanda, as it provides crucial income and employment for farmers in poor rural areas. From 2017 to 2020, this study was intended to determine the impact of seasonal rainfall on tea output in Rwanda while still considering temperature, plot size (land), and fertiliser for tea plantations in three of Rwanda’s western, southern, and northern provinces, western province with “Gisovu” and “Nyabihu”, southern with “Kitabi”, and northern with “Mulindi” tea company. The study tested the level of statistical significance of all considered variables in different formulation of panel data models to assess individual behaviour of independent variables that would affect tea production. According to this study, a positive change in rainfall of 1 mm will increase tea production by 0.215 percentage points of tons of fresh leaves. Rainfall is a statistically significant variable among all variables with a positive impact on tea output Qitin Rwanda’s Western, Southern, and Northern provinces. Rainfall availability favourably affects tea output and supports our claim. Therefore, there is a need for collaboration efforts towards developing sustainable adaptation and mitigation options against climate change, targeting tea farming and the government to ensure that tea policy reforms are targeted towards raising the competitiveness of Rwandan tea at local and global market.

关键词： Tea Production Climate Change Production Technology Seasonal Variability Panel Data Models

Interaction of genotype and environment effects on important traits of cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz)

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The Crop Journal 2017年第5期5卷 373-386页

作者： athanase Nduwumuremyi Rob Melis Paul Shanahan Asiimwe Theodore University of KwaZulu-Natal African Center for Crop Improvement (ACCI) Rwanda Agriculture Board (RAB)

General and specific environmental adaptation of genotypes is the main goal of ***, genotype-by-environment(G x E) interaction complicates the identification of genotypes for release. This study aimed at analyzing the effects of G x E interaction on the expression of important cassava traits using two multivariate analyses: additive main effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI) and genotype stability index(GSI). Total carotene content(TCC), postharvest physiological deterioration(PPD), and reaction to viral diseases were significantly affected by G x E interaction effects. The low percent(%)variation due to genotype for cassava brown streak disease(GBSD) explained the influence of environment on CBSD expression. The % variation due to genotype for TCC was higher(96%) than variation due to environment(1.7%) and G x E interaction(2.4%) indicating a low interaction effect of environment on TCC accumulation. The % variation due to genotype was higher than % variation due to environment for all traits but CBSD root necrosis and CBSD on stems, indicating the influence of environment on the severity of the viral diseases. These findings indicate that screening for disease resistance requires multi-environment trials, whereas a single-environment trial suffices to screen for total carotene content.

关键词： Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction Genotype adaptation Genotype stability index Physiological postharvest deterioration Total carotene content

A Techno-Economical Characterization of Solar PV Power Generation in Rwanda:The Role of Subsidies and Incentives

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Energy Engineering 2023年第9期120卷 2155-2175页

作者： Morris Kayitare Gace athanase Dalson Al-Mas Sendegeyad African Center of Excellence in Energy for Sustainable Development University of RwandaKigaliRwanda African Center of Excellence for Sustainable Cooling and Cold Chain University of RwandaKigaliRwanda Department of Agricultural Mechanization School of Agriculture EngineeringUniversity of RwandaNyagatareRwanda Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Kyambogo UniversityKampalaUganda

Standalone Solar PV systems have been vital in the improvement of access to energy in many ***,given the large cost of solar PV plants’components,in developing countries,there is a dear need for such components to be subsidised and incentivised for the consumers to afford the produced ***,there is a need for optimal sizing of the solar PV plants taking into account the solar information,energy requirement for various activities,and economic conditions in the off-grid regions in *** study aims to develop optimally sized solar PV plants suited to rural communities in ***,it aims at characterizing the impacts of subsidies and incentives on the profitability and affordability of solar PV plants’energy in *** the study,we have developed a model on basis of which the plant power(peak power)and costs of energy can be predicted given the load requirements using *** model was validated using data corrected at eight different *** generalized predictive model’s results matched the results obtained using field measurement data as *** models have been able to replicate with a by degree of accuracy the peak powers and the plants’costs for different loads and were used to evaluate the economic viability of solar PV plants in *** was found that with incentives and subsidies of 20%,the solar PV systems’costs,the Levelised Cost of Energy would drop from a maximum of 0.098 Euro to a minimum of 0.072 Euro,the payback period was reduced from a maximum of 7.5 years to a minimum of 6.0 years while the return on investments was seen to vary between 425.72 and 615.32 per cent over the plants’lifetime of 25 *** our findings underscore the importance of government subsidies and incentives for solar PV energy generation projects to be significantly profitable.

关键词： Techno-economical characterization solar PV plants solar-energy economy PV energy generation energy in Rwanda

Protective roles of Vigna subterranea(Bambara nut) in rats with aspirin-induced gastric mucosal injury

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2018年第5期16卷 342-349页

作者： Morufu Eyitayo Balogun Elizabeth Enohnyaket Besong Jacinta Nkechi Obimma Ogochukwu Sophia Mbamalu Fankou Serges athanase Djobissie Department of Physiology Faculty of MedicineEbonyi State University Clinical Services Department National Obstetrics Fistula Centre

Objective： Vigna subterranea is widely consumed as a traditional staple food in Nigeria and some West African countries. The ethanolic seed extract of V. subterranea （EEVS） was investigated for its gastroprotective effects on aspirin plus pylorus ligation-induced gastric ulcerated rats using an in vivo assay. Methods： Gastric mucosal ulceration was induced experimentally in Groups 2 to 5 using aspirin plus pylorus ligation. Rats in Group I were orally pretreated with 3% Tween 80 only as normal control. Groups 2 to 5 were pretreated with 3% Tween B0 （ulcer group）, 20 mg/kg of omeprazole （positive group）, and 200 and 400 mg/kg of EEVS （experimental groups）, respectively, once daily for 21 days before ulcer induction. Parameters including those for gastric secretions, ulcerated areas and gastric wall histology were assessed. Levels of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, glutathione peroxidase （GPx）, and malondialdehyde （MDA） in the gastric tissue homogenate were also determined. Results： Pretreatment with EEVS significantly （P 〈 0.05） reduced the ulcer index, gastric volume and total acidity in rats with aspirin plus pylorus ligation-induced ulcer. The pH and mucus of gastric content increased significantly （P 〈 0.05） while the levels of SOD and GPx were observed to be elevated with a reduced amount of MDA. Significant severe gastric mucosal injury was exhibited in the ulcer group and EEVS or omeprazole offered significant （P〈0.05） protection against mucosal ulceration. Histologically, the gastric submucosal layer showed remarkable decrease in edema and leucocytes infiltration compared with ulcer group. Conclusion： The study suggests that EEVS offered a protective action against aspirin plus pylorus ligationinduced gastric ulcers in Wistar rats. The protective effect might be mediated via antisecretory, cytopro- tective and antioxidative mechanisms.

关键词： Vigna subterranea Anti-oxidative Aspirin plus pylorus ligation Gastric ulcers Rats

Crisis of Management of Household Waste in Abidjan, The Answer of the Informal Private Precollectors in the Municipality of Yopougon (Côte d’Ivoire)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2016年第13期4卷 58-71页

作者： Adomon Abodou athanase Institut de Géographie Tropicale Université Félix Houphouet Boigny Abidjan C&#244te d’Ivoire

The present contribution aims at helping the Mayors to implement a less expensive and effective system of management of household refuse to Yopougon. Indeed, the incapacity of service providers to be assured the collection of the garbage and the failure of their systems of pre-collection favored the emergence of the informal private precollectors in the municipality of Yopougon. The regularity of the interventions of these new actors, the affordable cost of their services and the living environment daily freed the garbage incites the households to request them because they succeed better where service providers failed. Such an activity will have to be better organized because of supplier employment.

关键词： Municipality Informal Private Precollectors Household Garbage Yopougon

LBOs in Theory and Practice, Learning Outcomes of a Crisis

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2011年第9期7卷 909-919页

作者： Plastiras athanase Cappelle Collete ESCEM School of Business and Management France Credit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank USA

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether or not a financial crisis has an impact on the use of financial tools like MBO （management buy-outs）. For a long time LBO （leveraged buyout） has being considered as an easy and tax saving way to transfer the property rights of SMEs companies. Financial markets speculation on the same time used this tool in a non reasonable way and transformed it on a bubble increasing furthermore the financial crisis. In a certain extend this paper proves that what happened is a remake of what happened in the late 1990. From a theoretical point of view the article proves that the LBO＇s are just a partial answer to the agency problems very present to the literature.

关键词： agency theory leveraged buyout (LBO) financial crisis risk taking behavior

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运用交通运行状况指标分析交通热点时空模式

武汉大学学报（信息科学版） 2021年第5期46卷 746-754页

作者：盛宇裕毕硕本范京津 NKUNZIMANA athanase 许志慧南京信息工程大学地理科学学院江苏南京210044 南京信息工程大学科学技术史研究院江苏南京210044

城市交通热点是居民出行活动的体现,通过出租车的移动轨迹可以分析城市交通运行状况。目前,相关研究主要集中于GPS采样数据的起讫点(origin destination,OD)估计模型以及轨迹流的提取分析算法,而对交通热点的交互作用和时空模式的研究... 详细信息

城市交通热点是居民出行活动的体现,通过出租车的移动轨迹可以分析城市交通运行状况。目前,相关研究主要集中于GPS采样数据的起讫点(origin destination,OD)估计模型以及轨迹流的提取分析算法,而对交通热点的交互作用和时空模式的研究还很少。以中国江苏省南京市的出租车GPS数据为研究对象,通过轨迹流提取和地图匹配,基于宏观基本图模型构建交通运行状况指标,利用数据挖掘技术分析交通热点时空模式。通过研究发现:(1)南京市交通在早晚高峰时拥堵最严重,并且休息日的交通运行状况要优于工作日;(2)在工作日,停车场和办公楼附近最拥堵;在休息日,商场和居民小区附近最拥堵;(3)交通热点的时空交互特征主要表现在交叉路口附近,并具有显著的时空聚集性差异。上述研究结果可为交通管理部门针对不同时段和路段的交通运行状况进行治理提供帮助,并为建立现代化综合交通运输体系提供依据。

关键词：城市交通热点时空数据挖掘南京市出租车GPS数据宏观基本图

Knowledge,attitudes and practices concerning epilepsy among nurses and midwives working in primary health care settings in Ouagadougou of Burkina Faso

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Acta Epileptologica 2023年第2期6卷 90-99页

作者： Alfred Anselme Dabilgou Alassane Dravé Julie Marie Adeline Wendlamita Kyelem Fatimata Kinda Christian Napon athanase Millogo Jean Kaboré Department of Neurology University Hospital Yalgado OuedraogoBox 7022Ouagadougou 03Burkina Faso Department of Neurology Regional University Hospital of Ouahigouya03 BP 7009 Ouagadougou 03Burkina Faso Department of Neurology University Hospital of Bogodogo14 Box 371Ouagadougou 14Burkina Faso Department of Neurology Souro Sanou University Teaching Hospital01Box 676Bobo DioulassoBurkina Faso

Background In developing countries,there is a lack of epilepsy knowledge among health *** objective of this study was to assess the knowledge,attitude and practice concerning epilepsy among nurses and midwives working in primary health care settings in *** We carried out a cross-sectional study in the health districts of Ouagadougou from August 1st to September 15th,*** nurses and midwives working in three health districts were included in this *** A total of 213 participants with a mean age of 39.5 years were included in the survey;79.81%of them had a general certification in secondary education and 62%had a professional experience of more than 10 *** 99%of the participants had not received training on epilepsy-related care during the last six *** addition,74.5%of the participants had a good knowledge on epilepsy and 65%had a good practice toward *** level of knowledge was associated with the workplace,years of training,and the professional *** level of knowledge about epilepsy was also associated with the level of education,while there was a significant link between professional status and nurses’level of practice in the management of *** Efforts must be made to provide continuing education for nurses in order to improve their knowledge on epilepsy.

关键词： Epilepsy Knowledge Attitude Practice Paramedics Ouagadougou Burkina