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Habitat Range of two Alpine Medicinal Plants in a Trans-Himalayan Dry Valley,Central Nepal

Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第1期6卷 66-77页

作者： Bharat babu SHRESTHA Pramod Kumar JHA Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal

Understanding of the habitat range of threatened Himalayan medicinal plants which are declining in their abundance due to high anthropogenic disturbances is essential for developing conservation strategies and agrotechnologies for cultivation. In this communication, we have discussed the habitat range of two alpine medicinal plants, Aconitum naviculare （Bruehl） Stapf and Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora （Pennel） Hong in a trans-Himalayan dry valley of central Nepal, Manang district. They are the most prioritized medicinal plants of the study area in terms of ethnomedicinal uses. A. naviculare occurs on warm and dry south facing slopes between 4090-4650 m asl along with sclerophyllous and thorny alpine scrubs, while N. scrophulariiflora is exclusively found on cool and moist north facing slope between 4000 and 4400 m asl where adequate water is available from snow melt to create a suitable habitat for this wetland dependent species. The soil in rooting zone of the two plants differs significantly in organic carbon （OC）, organic matter （OM）, total nitrogen （N） and carbon to nitrogen （C/N） ratio. Due to cool and moist condition of N. scrophulariiflora habitat, accumulation of soil OC is higher, but soil N content is lower probably due to slow release from litter, higher leaching loss and greater retention in perennial live biomass of the plant. The C/N ratio of soil is more suitable in A. navuculare habitat than that of N scrophulariiflora for N supply. Warm and sunny site with N rich soil can be suitable for cultivation ofA. naviculare, while moist and cool site with organic soil for N. scrophulariiflora. The populations of both the plants are fragmented and small. Due to collection by human and trampling damage by livestock, the population of A. naviculare was found absent in open areas in five of the six sampling sites and it was confined only within the bushes of alpine scrubs. For N. serophulariiflora, high probability of complete receding of small glaeiers may be

关键词： Aconitum naviculare Neopicrorhizascrophulariiflora habitat degradation nitrogen organic carbon radiation Manang Nepal

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Synthesis,spectroscopic characterization,DNA cleavage and antibacterial studies of a novel tridentate Schiff base and some lanthanide(III) complexes

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Journal of Rare Earths 2014年第4期32卷 379-388页

作者： K.Mohanan R.aswathy L.P.Nitha Niecy Elsa Mathews B.Sindhu Kumari Department of Chemistry University of Kerala Department of Chemistry Mother Teresa Women's University

A novel potential tridentate Schiff base was prepared by condensing equimolar quantities of 2-hydroxyacetophenone and 2-aminopyrimidine in methanol. This ligand was versatile in forming a series of complexes with lanthanide ions such as La（III）, Pr（III）, Nd（III）, Sm（III）, Gd（III）, Dy（III） and Yb（III）. The ligand and the metal complexes were characterized through elemental analysis, molar conductance, UV-Visible, IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectral studies. The spectral studies indicated that the ligand was coordinated to the metal ion in neutral tridentate fashion through the azomethine nitrogen, one of the nitrogen atoms in the pyrimidine ring and the phenolic oxygen without deprotonation. Thermal decomposition and luminescence property of lanthanum（III） complex were also examined. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed the crystalline nature of the ligand and its lanthanum（III） complex. The DNA cleavage studies of the ligand and the metal complexes were carried out and it was observed that the lanthanum（III） and neo-dymium（III） complexes cleaved the pUC19 DNA effectively. The ligand and the metal complexes were screened for their antibacte-rial activities. The metal complexes were found to be more potent bactericides than the ligand.

关键词： 2-aminopyrimidine lanthanides thermogravimetry luminescence DNA cleavage antibacterial activity rare earths

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Weak bus-constrained PMU placement for complete observability of a connected power network considering voltage stability indices

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Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems 2020年第1期5卷 314-327页

作者： Rohit babu Saurav Raj Biplab Bhattacharyya Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Lendi Institute of Engineering and TechnologyJonnadaAndhra Pradesh 535003India Department of Electrical Engineering Institute of Chemical Technology MumbaiMarathwada CampusJalna 431203India Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(Indian School of Mines)DhanbadJharkhand 826004India

Phasor measurement units(PMUs)are preferred for installation at weak buses in a power ***,the weak buses need to be located and the strategic locations of PMUs identified to ensure network ***,the primary aim of this work is to identify the placements of the maximum number of PMUs installed at the weak buses in the electrical *** voltage collapse proximity indicator,line stability index,fast voltage stability index,and a new voltage stability indicator utilizing load flow measurement are used to determine the weak buses.A novel deterministic methodology based on a binary-integer linear programming model is then proposed to determine the optimal locations of *** effect of a single PMU outage considering the weak buses is also *** effectiveness of the developed approach is tested and validated on the standard IEEE 14-,118-,300-,and New England 39-bus *** obtained results are also compared to those using different weak bus methodologies.

关键词： Binary integer linear programming Optimal PMU placement Observability Phasor measurement unit Voltage stability indices

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Improved Monarchy Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (IMBO): Intrusion Detection Using Mapreduce Framework Based Optimized ANU-Net

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第6期75卷 5887-5909页

作者： Kunda Suresh babu Yamarthi Narasimha Rao School of Computer Science and Engineering VIT-AP UniversityAmaravathi522237Andhra PradeshIndia

The demand for cybersecurity is rising recently due to the rapid improvement of network *** a primary defense mechanism,an intrusion detection system(IDS)was anticipated to adapt and secure com-puting infrastructures from the constantly evolving,sophisticated threat ***,various deep learning methods have been put forth;however,these methods struggle to recognize all forms of assaults,especially infrequent attacks,because of network traffic imbalances and a shortage of aberrant traffic samples for model *** work introduces deep learning(DL)based Attention based Nested U-Net(ANU-Net)for intrusion detection to address these issues and enhance detection *** this IDS model,the first data preprocessing is carried out in three stages:duplication elimi-nation,label transformation,and data *** the features are extracted and selected based on the Improved Flower Pollination Algorithm(IFPA).The Improved Monarchy Butterfly Optimization Algorithm(IMBO),a new metaheuristic,is used to modify the hyper-parameters in ANU-Net,effectively increasing the learning rate for spatial-temporal information and resolving the imbalance *** the use of parallel programming,the MapReduce architecture reduces computation complexity while signifi-cantly accelerating *** publicly available data sets were used to evaluate and test the *** investigational outcomes suggest that the proposed technique can more efficiently boost the performances of IDS under the scenario of unbalanced *** proposed method achieves above 98%accuracy and classifies various attacks significantly well compared to other classifiers.

关键词： Intrusion detection system(IDS) attention based nested U-Net

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Evaluation of the microstructure, secondary dendrite arm spacing, and mechanical properties of Al–Si alloy castings made in sand and Fe–Cr slag molds

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2017年第7期24卷 784-793页

作者： I.Narasimha Murthy J.babu Rao Department of Metallurgical Engineering Andhra University Visakhapamam 530003 India

The microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast A356（Al–Si） alloy castings were investigated. A356 alloy was cast into three different molds composed of sand, ferrochrome（Fe–Cr） slag, and a mixture of sand and Fe–Cr. A sodium silicate–CO_2 process was used to make the necessary molds. Cylindrical-shaped castings were prepared. Cast products with no porosity and a good surface finish were achieved in all of the molds. These castings were evaluated for their metallography, secondary dendrite arm spacing（SDAS）, and mechanical properties, including hardness, compression, tensile, and impact properties. Furthermore, the tensile and impact samples were analyzed by fractography. The results show that faster heat transfer in the Fe–Cr slag molds than in either the silica sand or mixed molds led to lower SDAS values with a refined microstructure in the products cast in Fe–Cr slag molds. Consistent and enhanced mechanical properties were observed in the slag mold products than in the castings obtained from either sand or mixed molds. The fracture surface of the slag mold castings shows a dimple fracture morphology with a transgranular fracture nature. However, the fracture surfaces of the sand mold castings display brittle fracture. In conclusion, products cast in Fe–Cr slag molds exhibit an improved surface finish and enhanced mechanical properties compared to those of products cast in sand and mixed molds.

关键词： silica sand ferrochrome slag alloy castings secondary dendrite arm spacing mechanical properties

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Influence of Na_(2)SiO_(3)/NaOH Ratio on Calcined Magnesium Silicate Based Geopolymer——Experimental and Predictive Study

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Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science) 2023年第5期38卷 1077-1085页

作者： Premkumar R Ramesh babu Chokkalingam Meyyappan PL Shanmugasundaram M Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education Krishnan KoilTamil Nadu626126 India Vellore Institute of Technology-Chennai Tamilnadu600127 India

This study aims to investigate the behavior of alkali activated mortar,which is made of naturally available magnesium silicate as source *** magnesium silicate,ultrafine natural steatite powder(UFNSP)is used as the primary source of binder,and the activation is initiated through the alkali liquid which is proportioned in various combinations of silicate to hydroxide ratio(Na_(2)SiO_(3)/Na OH)ratio,and this ratio in this study varies from 1 to *** UFNSP is calcined at two difierent temperatures,700 and 1000℃.The mortar mix is proportioned as 1:3 between powder and the fine aggregate,and the mortar is prepared with hydroxide molarity(M)of 10 *** mortar is cured for 48 hours at 60℃and the compressive strength was *** the mix were studied for its microstructural behavior along with compressive *** mix proportion of the mortar,and the results obtained through microstructural characterization were combinedly formed as input for artificial neural network(ANN)predictive *** model is designed to predict the compressive strength,which is trained through Bayesian regularization algorithm with varying hidden neurons of 7 to *** experimental and predictive study shows that the strength is influenced by both Na_(2)SiO_(3)/Na OH ratio and calcination *** the ANN is influenced by mainly calcination temperature and uncorrelation occurs in selected samples of 1000℃calcined UFNSP mix.

关键词： magnesium silicate silicate alkali activation geopolymer UFNSP prediction

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Emerging industrial applications of microalgae:challenges and future perspectives

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2021年第4期1卷 411-431页

作者： aswathy Udayan Ashutosh Kumar Pandey Pooja Sharma Nidhin Sreekumar Sunil Kumar CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute(CSIR-NEERI) Nehru MargNagpurMaharashtra 440020India Accubits Invent Accubits Technologies Inc.ThiruvananthapuramKerala 695004India

Microalgae are unicellular photosynthetic organisms that have been recently attracted potential interests and have applications in food,nutraceuticals,pharmaceuticals,animal feed,cosmetics,and biofertilizers *** are rich in a variety of high-value bioactive compounds which have potential benefits on human health and can be used for the prevention and curing of many disease *** scale-up and safety issues remain a major challenge in the commercialization of microalgal products in a cost-effective ***,techniques have been developed to overcome these challenges and successfully selling the products derived from microalgae as food,cosmetics and pharmaceutical *** are rich in many nutrients and can be used for the production of functional food and nutraceuticals,safety and regulatory issues are major concerns and extensive research is still needed to make microalgae a commercial success in the *** practical difficulties are involved in making the microalgal food industry commercially *** present review focuses on the industrial applications of microalgae and the challenges faced during commercial production.

关键词： Microalgae Functional foods Nutraceuticals Pharmaceuticals Cosmetics

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WO_(3) passivation layer-coated nanostructured TiO_(2): An efficient defect engineered photoelectrode for dye sensitized solar cell

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Journal of Semiconductors 2021年第5期42卷 91-98页

作者： Arya babu Arya Vasanth Shantikumar Nair Mariyappan Shanmugam Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine Amrita Vishwa VidyapeethamKochiKerala-682041India

Major loss factors for photo-generated electrons due to the presence of surface defects in titanium dioxide(Ti O_2)were controlled by RF-sputtered tungsten trioxide(WO_3) passivation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy assured the coating of WO3 on the Ti O_2 nanoparticle layer by showing Ti 2 p, W 4 f and O 1 s characteristic peaks and were further confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. The coating of WO_3 on the Ti O_2 nanoparticle layer did not affect dye adsorption significantly. Dye sensitized solar cells(DSSCs) fabricated using WO_3-coated Ti O_2 showed an enhancement of ~10% compared to DSSCs fabricated using pristine Ti O_2-based photo-electrodes. It is attributed to the WO_3 passivation on Ti O_2 that creates an energy barrier which favored photo-electron injection by tunneling but blocked reverse electron recombination pathways towards holes available in highest occupied molecular orbital of the dye molecules. It was further evidenced that there is an optimum thickness(duration of coating) of WO_3 to improve the DSSC performance and longer duration of WO_3 suppressed photo-electron injection from dye to Ti O_2 as inferred from the detrimental effect in short circuit current density values. RF-sputtering yields pinhole-free,highly uniform and conformal coating of WO_3 onto any area of interest, which can be considered for an effective surface passivation for nanostructured photovoltaic devices.

关键词： charge transport recombination tungsten oxide solar cell interface defects

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Changes in regeneration and leaf traits of Rhododendron campanulatum along a treeline ecotone in central Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第3期17卷 602-613页

作者： SHARMA Prasad Krishna TIWARI Achyut SHRESTHA babu Bharat Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKathmandu44613Nepal Budhanilkantha School Kathmandu44622Nepal

Changes in population structure and plant functional traits across environmental gradient in the near natural treeline is a critical determinant of environmental changes in treelines. In this study we analyzed population characteristics and leaf traits of Rhododendron campanulatum across treeline ecotone in a trans-Himalayan region of Mustang district in central Nepal. Along 4 vertical transects, a total of 72 quadrats(5 m × 5 m)-34 above Betula utilis treeline and 38 below treeline-were sampled to analyze the population structure, regeneration,specific leaf area(SLA) and leaf-stem relationship of R. campanulatum. Our results showed that the regeneration of R. campanulatum was fairly good in both habitats, as evident from density-diameter *** species showed type Ⅲ survivorship curve in both habitats with the highest mortality during early stage of life. However, the seedling density and mortality was higher below treeline than above treeline. Canopy cover and basal cover were found to be the major factors affecting regeneration, as indicated by higher number of juveniles in relatively open areas above treeline. The total leaf area increased(p <0.001) with stem cross-section area in both habitats. However, the SLA was higher below treeline(55 cm^2/g) than above(47 cm^2/g)(p < 0.001);it also increased with the canopy cover of trees(R^2 =0.59, p <0.001) below the treeline. In conclusion,high density of juvenile, low mortality of seedlings,and low SLA above treeline indicated that the species has successfully adapted in climatically stressful alpine habitat with potential to expand upward.

关键词： Rhododendron Climate change Life table Mortality Specific leaf area Mustang district

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Synthesis and application of biocompatible nontoxic nanoparticles for reclamation of Ce^3＋ from synthetic wastewater： Toxicity assessment, kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic study

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Journal of Rare Earths 2018年第9期36卷 994-1006页

作者： Varsha Srivastava Sidra Iftekhar ZhaoWang Indu babu Mika Sillanpaa Laboratory of Green Chemistry School of Engineering Science Lappeenranta University of Technology Sammonkatu 12 FI-50130 Mikkeli Finland Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Florida International University Miami EL 33174 USA

The aim of present study is to synthesize forsterite nanoparticles（FRST） for the reclamation of cerium ions（Ce3＋） from synthetic *** aim to synthesize FRST nanoparticles is due to its biocompatible and nontoxic *** formation of nanoparticles with average diameter of 58 nm was confirmed by TEM *** images of bare FRST nanoparticles show a heterogeneous surface with porous *** surface area of FRST nanoparticles is calculated to be 33.69 m2/*** significant uptake of Ce3＋ ions can be obtained for all the selected concentrations（25-150 mg/L） within 2 h of adsorbent—adsorbate *** pH study shows that by increasing pH from acidic to alkaline range,higher removal can be *** study demonstrates the endothermic nature of Ce3＋*** value of sticking probability suggests very high sticking probability of Ce3＋ ion for FRST ***3＋ uptake is favored by higher temperature and with the increase in temperature from298 to 328 K,Langmuir adsorption capacity increases from 36.45 to 42.99 m2/*** of FRST nanoparticles was also investigated for other light and heavy rare earth elements in single solute and multisolute systems,FRST nanoparticles show the significant removal of divalent metallic pollutants as *** assessment of chemical toxicity of treated wastewater was carried out with the bioluminescent photobacterium（Vibrio fischeri） and decreased toxicity was observed in treated water *** outcome of present study suggests that the FRST nanoparticles can be efficiently utilized for the removal of Ce3＋ ions and a wide range of other pollutant species as well.

关键词： Forsterite Rare earth elements Isotherm model Cerium Metallic pollutants

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