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Optimizing the utilization of maize silage in forage blends-based rations to improve production performance and reduce methane emissions from fattening calves

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2024年第3期17卷 75-81页

作者： Khalid Farooq Asad Sultan assar ali shah Rifat Ullah Khan Rajwali Khan Ghazala Yasmeen Nazir Ahmad Khan Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences The University of AgriculturePeshawar 25130Pakistan Pakistan Scientific and Technological Information Center(PASTIC) Islamabad 44000Pakistan

This research investigated the effect of various mixtures of maize silage and ryegrass fodder on nutrient digestibility,production performance,and methane(CH4)emission of fattening ***-four fattening calves((228±10)kg body weight(BW),(280±5)d of age)were allocated to 8 diets for 84 d,according to a randomized complete block design,and the blocks were balanced for BW,age,and *** diets consisted of 4 levels of maize silages,i.e.,40%(MS40),50%(MS50),60%(MS60),and 70%(MS70)in the maize silage and ryegrass fodder mixture on a dry matter(DM)basis,and each of the mixture was supplemented with either low(LC,1.0%BW)or high(HC,1.5%BW)levels of fattening *** results revealed greater(p<0.05)intakes of DM(8.35 kg/d),organic matter(OM,7.85 kg/d),and metabolizable energy(ME,12.00 Mcal/d)in calves fed with MS70-LC *** highest(p<0.05)digestibility(g/100 g)of DM(65.2),OM(67.3),crude protein(69.1),and neutral detergent fibre(56.3)was recorded for MS40-HC *** maximum(p<0.05)average daily gain(ADG,571 g/d)was recorded for diet *** lowest value(p<0.05)of CH4 emission was recorded in MS70-LC,MS70-HC,and MS60-HC as compared to other *** 70%maize silage in the ryegrass-maize silage based diet improved ADG by 174 g/d with LC *** is concluded that the optimum inclusion level of maize silage and ryegrass in the fattening ration can improve animal production performance and reduces CH4 production and concentrate requirements of fattening calves.

关键词： average daily gain farm-grown forages forage mixture fattening calves maize silage ryegrass fodder

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Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Efficient Cluster Head Selection in WSN

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第6期79卷 3585-3629页

作者： Imtiaz Ahmad Tariq Hussain Babar shah Altaf Hussain Iqtidar ali Farman ali Institute of Computer Sciences and Information Technology The University of AgriculturePeshawarPakistan School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhouChina College of Technological Innovation Zayed UniversityDubaiUnited Arab Emirates School of Computer Science and Technology Chongqing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsChongqing400065China Department of Applied AI School of ConvergenceCollege of Computing and InformaticsSungkyunkwan UniversitySeoul03063South Korea

Numerous wireless networks have emerged that can be used for short communication ranges where the infrastructure-based networks may fail because of their installation and *** of them is a sensor network with embedded sensors working as the primary nodes,termed Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs),in which numerous sensors are connected to at least one Base Station(BS).These sensors gather information from the environment and transmit it to a BS or gathering *** have several challenges,including throughput,energy usage,and network lifetime *** strategies have been applied to get over these *** may,therefore,be thought of as the best way to solve such ***,it is crucial to analyze effective Cluster Head(CH)selection to maximize efficiency throughput,extend the network lifetime,and minimize energy *** paper proposed an Accelerated Particle Swarm Optimization(APSO)algorithm based on the Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy(LEACH),Neighboring Based Energy Efficient Routing(NBEER),Cooperative Energy Efficient Routing(CEER),and Cooperative Relay Neighboring Based Energy Efficient Routing(CR-NBEER)*** the help of APSO in the implementation of the WSN,the main methodology of this article has taken *** simulation findings in this study demonstrated that the suggested approach uses less energy,with respective energy consumption ranges of 0.1441 to 0.013 for 5 CH,1.003 to 0.0521 for 10 CH,and 0.1734 to 0.0911 for 15 *** sending packets ratio was also raised for all three CH selection scenarios,increasing from 659 to *** number of dead nodes likewise dropped for the given combination,falling between 71 and *** network lifetime was deemed to have risen based on the results found.A hybrid with a few valuable parameters can further improve the suggested APSO-based *** to underwater,WSN can make use of the proposed *** overall results have been evaluated and

关键词： Wireless sensor network cluster head selection low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy accelerated particle swarm optimization

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Mechanistic insights toward identification and interaction of plant parasitic nematodes:A review

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Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第1期6卷 11-27页

作者： Bisma Jan ali Haider shah Mudasir Ahmad Bhat Arif Tasleem Jan Ishfaq Ahmad Wani ali Asghar shah Section of Microbiology Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah UniversityRajouriJ&K185234India Department of Biotechnology Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University RajouriJ&K185234India Department of Botany Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University RajouriJ&K185234India Department of Zoology School of Biosciences and BiotechnologyBaba Ghulam Shah Badshah University RajouriJ&K185234India

Nematode identification serves as an important param-eter to study their behaviour,importance and *** of classical morphometric based identifica-tion methods prove to be lacking due to insufficient knowledge on morphological variations among closely related *** approaches such as DNA and protein-based information,microarray,probing,sequence-based methods and others have been used to supplement morphology-based methods for nematode *** and certain protein-based nematode-associated molecular patterns(NAMPs),can be perceived by the host plants,and can initiate a signalling *** review primarily emphasizes on an updated account of different classical and modern tools used for the identification of *** we also summa-rize the mechanism of some important signalling pathways which are involved in the different plant nematode *** constitute most diverse and least studied group of soil inhabiting *** are ecologically and physiologically important,however,wide range of nematodes show harmful impact on the individuals that live within their *** parasitic nematodes(PPNs)are transparent,pseudocoelomate,free living or parasitic *** lack morphometric identification methods due to insufficient knowl-edge on morphological variations among closely related *** such,molecular approaches such as DNA and protein-based information,microarray,probing,sequence-based methods and others have been used to supplement morphology-based methods for their *** invade the defense response of different plant species,parasitic nematodes have evolved different molecular *** and certain protein-based nematode-associated molecular patterns(NAMPs),can be perceived by the host plants,and can initiate a signaling *** overcome the host confrontation and develop certain nematode feeding sites,some members can inject effectors into

关键词： nematode identification plant nematode interaction DNA fingerprinting nematode-associated molecular patterns signaling path-ways

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An asymmetrical multilevel inverter with minimum voltage stress and fewer components for photovoltaic renewable-energy system

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Clean Energy 2024年第1期8卷 1-22页

作者： Rabail Memon Mukhtiar Ahmed Mahar Abdul Sattar Larik Syed Asif ali shah Department of Electrical Engineering Mehran University of Engineering and TechnologyJamshoroPakistan

The enhanced power quality provided by multilevel inverters(MLIs)has made them more appropriate for medium-and high-power applications,including photovoltaic ***,a prevalent limitation involves the necessity for numerous switches and increased voltage stress across these switches,consequently increasing the overall system *** address these challenges,a new 17-level asymmetrical MLI with fewer components and low voltage stress is proposed for the photovoltaic *** innovative MLI configuration has four direct current(DC)sources and 10 *** on the trinary sequence,the proposed topology uses photovoltaics with boost converters and fuzzy logic controllers as its DC *** equations are used to calculate cru-cial parameters for this proposed design,including total standing voltage per unit(TSVPU),cost function per level(CF/L),component count per level(CC/L)and voltage stress across the *** comparison is conducted by considering switches,DC sources,TSVPU,CF/L,gate driver circuits and CC/L with other existing MLI *** analysis is carried out under various conditions,encompassing different levels of irradiance,variable loads and modulation *** reduce the total harmonic distortion of the suggested topology,the phase opposition disposition approach has been *** suggested framework is simulated in MATLAB®/Simulink®.The results indicate that the proposed topology achieves a well-distributed stress profile across the switches and has CC/L of 1.23,TSVPU of 5 and CF/L of 4.58 and 5.76 with weight coefficients of 0.5 and 1.5,*** values are not-ably superior to those of existing MLI *** results demonstrate that the proposed topology maintains a consistent output at varying irradiance levels with FLCs and exhibits robust performance under variable loads and diverse modulation ***,the total harmonic distortion achieved with phase opposition disposi

关键词： asymmetrical multilevel inverter photovoltaic system renewable energy component count per level cost function per level total standing voltage per unit phase opposition disposition technique

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Cooperative THz communication for UAVs in 6G and beyond

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Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation 2024年第1期3卷 25-31页

作者： Nazifa Mustari Muhammet ali Karabulut A.F.M.shahen shah Ufuk Tureli Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Yildiz Technical UniversityTurkey Department of Electrical Electronics Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureKafkas UniversityKarsTurkey

One of the key components of any smart city is considered to be its intelligent transportation systems(ITSs).Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)are envisioned in several ITS application fields because of their autonomous operation,mobility,communication/processing capabilities,and other *** this paper,cooperative terahertz(THz)communication is proposed for flying ad hoc networks(FANETs),which is a particular kind of network made up of a collection of small UAVs linked in an ad hoc fashion and working together to accomplish high-level *** frequency spectrum for wireless communication has been expanding continuously in order to meet the demand for *** the forthcoming 6G and beyond,communications in the THz range will be vital,similar to how mmWave-band communications are currently influencing the 5G of wireless mobile *** finite state machine(FSM)of the proposed cooperative communication system for THz band is presented.A Markov chain model-based analytical study is carried out,which derives relationships among ***,numerical results are provided to support the analytical study.

关键词： Cooperative MAC THz UAVs 6G

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Linkages among leaf nutrient concentration,resorption efficiency, litter decomposition and their stoichiometry to canopy nitrogen addition and understory removal in subtropical plantation

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Ecological Processes 2024年第2期13卷 90-102页

作者： Jawad ali shah Wenfei Liu Saif Ullah Honglang Duan Fangfang Shen Yingchun Liao Guomin Huang Jianping Wu Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Institute of Biodiversity School of Ecology and Environmental Science Yunnan University Laboratory of Soil Ecology and Health in Universities of Yunnan Province Yunnan University Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Restoration of Degraded Ecosystems & Watershed Ecohydrology Nanchang Institute of Technology Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou College of ForestryGuizhou University

Background The prevalence of understory removal and anthropogenic nitrogen(N) deposition has significantly altered the ecological processes of forest ecosystems at both regional and global scales. However, it remains a pressing challenge to understand how N deposition and understory removal affect leaf nutrient dynamics, nutrient resorption, litter decomposition, and their linkages for better managing forest ecosystems under nutrient imbalances induced by N enrichment. To address this research gap, a field manipulation experiment was carried out in a subtropical Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation with four treatments including: control(CK), canopy N addition(CN), understory removal(UR), and canopy N addition plus understory removal(CN × UR). Green and senesced leaf N and phosphorus(P) concentrations, N and P resorption efficiencies, litter decomposition, and their correlations were *** The results revealed that the average N concentrations of green early and late leaves in UR were increased by 6.61 and 18.89% compared to CK. UR had the highest whereas CN had the lowest P concentrations in green leaves across the two sampling seasons. Following this, UR, leaf type, season, and their interactions significantly affected leaf N, P, and N:P(P < 0.05). The highest leaf N resorption(32.68%) and P resorption efficiencies(63.96%) were recorded in UR. Litter decomposition was significantly retarded in UR(P < 0.01) relative to CN. The regression analysis demonstrated that leaf nutrient status was significantly interconnected with leaf nutrient resorption efficiencies. In addition, leaf nutrient dynamics were strongly correlated with litter nutrients, indicating that both were *** These findings can deepen our knowledge of biogeochemical cycling and reveal contrasting nutrientacquisition strategies on N and P limitation in response to UR and CN. Considering the P limitation, it is important to note that P was resorbed more efficiently, illustrating a

关键词： Nutrient resorption Nitrogen deposition Litter decomposition Stoichiometry Understory removal Subtropical plantation

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Classification and Comprehension of Software Requirements Using Ensemble Learning

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第8期80卷 2839-2855页

作者： Jalil Abbas Arshad Ahmad Syed Muqsit shaheed Rubia Fatima Sajid shah Mohammad Elaffendi Gauhar ali School of Computer Science and Technology Anhui UniversityHefei230039China School of Computing Sciences Pak Austria FachhochschuleInstitute of Applied Sciences and TechnologyHaripur22620Pakistan Department of Computer Science and IT University of LahoreLahore55150Pakistan Department of Computer Science Emerson UniversityPunjabMultan60000Pakistan EIAS(Emerging Intelligent Autonomous Systems)Data Science Lab Prince Sultan UniversityRiyad12435Saudi Arabia

The software development process mostly depends on accurately identifying both essential and optional ***,user needs are typically expressed in free-form language,requiring significant time and human resources to translate these into clear functional and non-functional *** address this challenge,various machine learning(ML)methods have been explored to automate the understanding of these requirements,aiming to reduce time and human ***,existing techniques often struggle with complex instructions and large-scale *** our study,we introduce an innovative approach known as the Functional and Non-functional Requirements Classifier(FNRC).By combining the traditional random forest algorithm with the Accuracy Sliding Window(ASW)technique,we develop optimal sub-ensembles that surpass the initial classifier’s accuracy while using fewer *** results demonstrate that our FNRC methodology performs robustly across different datasets,achieving a balanced Precision of 75%on the PROMISE dataset and an impressive Recall of 85%on the CCHIT *** datasets consistently maintain an F-measure around 64%,highlighting FNRC’s ability to effectively balance precision and recall in diverse *** findings contribute to more accurate and efficient software development processes,increasing the probability of achieving successful project outcomes.

关键词： Ensemble learning machine learning non-functional requirements requirement engineering accuracy sliding window

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An Implementation of Multiscale Line Detection and Mathematical Morphology for Efficient and Precise Blood Vessel Segmentation in Fundus Images

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2565-2583页

作者： Syed Ayaz ali shah Aamir shahzad Musaed Alhussein Chuan Meng Goh Khursheed Aurangzeb Tong Boon Tang Muhammad Awais Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering COMSATS University IslamabadAbbottabad CampusAbbottabad22060Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Computer and Information SciencesKing Saud UniversityP.O.Box 51178Riyadh11543Saudi Arabia Faculty of Information and Communication Technology University Tunku Abdul RehmanKampar CampusKampar31900Malaysia Centre for Intelligent Signal and Imaging Research University Teknologi PETRONASBandar Seri IskandarPerak32610Malaysia School of Computing Sciences University of East AngliaNorwichNR47TJUK

Diagnosing various diseases such as glaucoma,age-related macular degeneration,cardiovascular conditions,and diabetic retinopathy involves segmenting retinal blood *** task is particularly challenging when dealing with color fundus images due to issues like non-uniformillumination,low contrast,and variations in vessel appearance,especially in the presence of different ***,the speed of the retinal vessel segmentation system is of utmost *** the surge of now available big data,the speed of the algorithm becomes increasingly important,carrying almost equivalent weightage to the accuracy of the *** address these challenges,we present a novel approach for retinal vessel segmentation,leveraging efficient and robust techniques based on multiscale line detection and mathematical *** algorithm’s performance is evaluated on two publicly available datasets,namely the Digital Retinal Images for Vessel Extraction dataset(DRIVE)and the Structure Analysis of Retina(STARE)*** experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method,withmean accuracy values of 0.9467 forDRIVE and 0.9535 for STARE datasets,aswell as sensitivity values of 0.6952 forDRIVE and 0.6809 for STARE ***,our algorithmexhibits competitive performance with state-of-the-art ***,it operates at an average speed of 3.73 s per image for DRIVE and 3.75 s for STARE *** is worth noting that these results were achieved using Matlab scripts containing multiple *** suggests that the processing time can be further reduced by replacing loops with *** the proposed algorithm can be deployed in real time *** summary,our proposed system strikes a fine balance between swift computation and accuracy that is on par with the best available methods in the field.

关键词： Line detector vessel detection localization mathematical morphology image processing

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Bond-Slip Behavior of Steel Bar and Recycled Steel Fibre-Reinforced Concrete

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2024年第1期12卷 167-186页

作者： Ismail shah Jing Li Nauman Khan Hamad R.Almujibah Muhammad Mudassar Rehman ali Raza Yun Peng School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming650000China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610041China Yunnan International Joint R&D Center of Smart Agriculture and Water Security Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming650201China School of Water Conservancy Yunnan Agricultural UniversityKunming650201China School of Civil Engineering Guizhou UniversityGuiyang550025China Department of Civil Engineering College of EngineeringTaif UniversityP.O.Box 11099Taif City21974Saudi Arabia School of Civil Engineering Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001China

Recycled steel fiber reinforced concrete is an innovative construction material that offers exceptional mechanical properties and *** is considered a sustainable material due to its low carbon footprint and environmental friendly *** study examines the key influencing factors that affect the behavior of this material,such as the steel fiber volume ratio,recycled aggregate replacement rate,concrete strength grade,anchorage length,and stirrup *** study investigates the bond failure morphology,bond-slip,and bond strength constitutive relationship of steel fiber recycled *** results show that the addition of steel fibers at 0.5%,1.0%,and 1.5%volume ratios can improve the ultimate bond strength of pull-out specimens by 9.05%,6.94%,and 5.52%,*** replacement rate of recycled aggregate has minimal effect on the typical bond strength of pull-out ***,the ultimate bond strengths of pull-out specimens with concrete strength grades C45 and C60 have improved compared to those with C30 *** specimens with longer anchorage lengths exhibit lower ultimate bond strength,with a reduction of 33.19%and 46.37%for anchorage lengths of 5D and 7D,respectively,compared to those without *** restraint of 1φ8 and 2φ8 improves the ultimate bond strength by 5.29%and 6.90%,*** fibers have a significant effect on the behavior of concrete after it cracks,especially during the stable expansion stage,crack instability expansion stage,and failure stage.

关键词： Recycled coarse aggregates(RCA) steel fiber bonding performance bond-slip environmental challenges

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Genuine entanglement under squeezed generalized amplitude damping channels with memory

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 158-163页

作者： Mazhar ali Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringIslamic University MadinahMadinah 107Saudi Arabia

We study genuine entanglement among three qubits undergoing a noisy process that includes dissipation, squeezing,and decoherence. We obtain a general solution and analyze the asymptotic quantum states. We find that most of these asymptotic states can be genuinely entangled depending upon the parameters of the channel, memory parameter, and the parameters of the initial states. We study Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger(GHZ) states and W states, mixed with white noise,and determine the conditions for them to be genuinely entangled at infinity. We find that for these mixtures, it is possible to start with a bi-separable state(with a specific mixture of white noise) and end with genuine entangled states. However, the memory parameter μ must be very high. We find that in contrast to the two-qubit case, none of the three-qubit asymptotic states for n → ∞ are genuinely entangled.

关键词： genuine entanglement squeezed thermal baths multipartite states

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