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Congenital Abnormalities of Kidneys and Urinary Tract in Children at the Dakar University Hospital

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第3期12卷 529-537页

作者： Kéita Younoussa Thiongane Aliou Sow Ndeye Fatou Ndongo Aliou Abdoulaye Abdoul Aziz Faye Akpo L. Geraud sylla assane Pediatric department Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Sénégal Albert Royer National Children Hospital Dakar Sénégal Radiology Department Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Sénégal

Congenital abnormalities of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) represent all the morphological abnormalities associated with a disorder of the embryonic development of the kidneys and their excretory tract. Its prevalence is underestimated in developing countries compared to developed countries. This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study between January 1st, 2015 and February 28th, 2020, carried out in the pediatric department of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital. The prevalence of CAKUT was 8.77% for all pediatric nephrologic pathologies (n = 58), the median age at diagnosis was 77.28 months and the sex ratio was 1.6. The circumstances of the discovery of CAKUT were dominated by urinary tract infection (n = 21), the antenatal diagnosis was poor (n = 13) and confusion between cysts and calyx dilation in antenatal was noted. Ultrasound was the main postnatal imaging test requested. The most common renal abnormality was kidney cysts (n = 18) (cystic kidneys and multicystic dysplastic kidney) and the most common urological abnormality was the posterior urethral valves (n = 8). Kidney failure was a pejorative factor in the evolution of these CAKUT.

关键词： Urinary Tract Antenatal Diagnosis Congenital Abnormalities Children

Epidemiological, Diagnostic and Evolutionary Profile of Seizures in Young Infants at Albert Royer (Dakar/Senegal)

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第6期14卷 1079-1089页

作者： Cissé Djénéba Fafa Dieng Yaay Joor Diagne Guillaye Sow Ndeye Fatou Kane Awa Mbaye Aminata Faye Papa Moctar Ly Fatou Gueye Modou Diagne-Gueye Ndeye Rama sylla assane Ndiaye Ousmane Pediatrics Department Pikine National Hospital Dakar Senegal Neonatal Department Albert Royer National Childrens Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatrics Department Dalal Jamm National Hospital Dakar Senegal Neonatal Department Diamniadio Childrens Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatrics Department Abass Ndao National Hospital Dakar Senegal

Introduction: Seizures are one of the most common neurological complications in the infant period. The aim of our study was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and prognostic features of seizures in infants at the Albert Royer Children’s Hospital (Senegal). Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive study from 1 January 2012 to 30 September 2018 of infants aged 0 days to 2 months who presented with seizures. Results: The hospital rate was 8.5%. Almost all the mothers (99.1%) had undergone at least 3 antenatal visits. Urogenital infection, gestational arterial hypertension and funicular anomalies were the main pregnancy-related pathologies. Delivery was vaginal in the majority of cases (80.9%). Most infants (43.6%) had not cried at birth. The majority of infants (63%) were born at term. Trophicity was normal in 68% of cases. The average age of the infants was 6.7 days. The main causes of seizures were hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (48.7%), metabolic disturbances (48.1%) and central ոеrvοսѕ system infections (15.6%). Phenobarbital was the 1st-line anticonvulsant. The case fatality rate was 39.5%. The main sequela observed were delayed psychomotor development (20.6%). Conclusion: Optimal management of infant seizures requires early diagnosis and etiological treatment by improving the quality of perinatal care to ensure better management of risk factors, as well as increasing the availability of neuroimaging equipment.

关键词： Seizures Infant Albert Royer Hospital

Epidemiology of Admissions in a Pediatric Emergency Department in Albert Royer Hospital Dakar

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第1期12卷 188-195页

作者： Aliou Thiongane Aliou Abdoulaye Ndongo Amadou Sow Younoussa Keita Djibril Boiro Yaye Joor Dieng Idrissa Basse Ndiogou Seck Lisimo Abwa Hilaire Papa Moctar Faye Amadou Lamine Fall assane sylla Saliou Diouf Ousmane Ndiaye Centre Hospitalier National d’Enfants Albert Royer Dakar Sénégal Service de pédiatrie Hô pital Le Dantec Dakar Sénégal Service de pédiatrie Hô pital Abass ndao Dakar Sénégal Centre Hospitalier National d’Enfants de Diamniadio Dakar Sénégal Service de pédiatrie Hô pital régional Saint Louis Sénégal Service de pédiatrie Hô pital Dalal Jamm Dakar Sénégal

Background: Pediatric emergencies are a public health priority in Senegal. The objective was to describe the epidemiology of admissions to the emergency department of the Albert Royer National Children’s Hospital in Dakar, Senegal. Methods: Prospective, descriptive and analytical study over a period of 4 months (January-April 2020). The study population was children admitted for vital distress. Results: A total of 300 children met the inclusion criteria and represented the study population (2.83%). The majority (70.67%) were younger than 60 months, compared with 2.00% of newborns. Boys represented 53.8%, sex ratio 1.16. A proportion of 35.1% was referred. More than half of our patients (55.88%) were managed within 30 minutes of arrival. Medicalized transport concerned 21.5% against 78.5% of nonmedicalized. Emergencies were dominated by respiratory distress (56.33%), dehydration (29%) and shock (13.33%). We recorded 16 deaths (5.3%). This mortality was significantly related to the low socio-economic level (p = 0.000), as well as the young age of the children (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Life-threatening emergencies are frequent and responsible for significant lethality. Health policy efforts are still needed to reduce this infant and child morbidity and mortality.

关键词： Children Emergencies Morbidity Mortality

Descriptive and Analytical Study of Factors Associated with Mortality in Severe Malaria among Children in Dakar Emergency Departments from July to December 2022

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第6期13卷 866-878页

作者： Aliou Thiongane Abou Ba Fatou Ly Aliou A. Ndongo Djibril Boiro Younoussa Kéita Idrissa Basse Babacar Niang Indou Dême Ly Yaye Joor Dieng Djenaba Fafa Cissé Ndiogou Seck Lamine Thiam Papa Moctar Faye Amadou Lamine Fall assane sylla Ousmane Ndiaye Centre Hospitalier National d’Enfants Albert Royer Dakar Sénégal Service de pédiatrie Hô pital Dalal Jamm Dakar Sénégal Service de pédiatrie Hô pital Pikine Dakar Sénégal Service de pédiatrie Hô pital Abass Ndao Dakar Sénégal Centre Hospitalier National d’Enfants de Diamniadio Dakar Sénégal Service de pédiatrie Hô pital régional Saint Louis Sénégal Service de pédiatrie Hô pital de la paix de Ziguinchor Ziguinchor Sénégal

Background: Malaria is the most widespread parasitic disease and remains a public health priority worldwide. The severe form is fatal if not treated early and appropriately. The aim was to carry out a descriptive and analytical study of the factors associated with mortality during severe malaria in children attending emergency departments in Dakar, Senegal. Methods: This is a prospective, observational and analytical study conducted over a 6-month period (July 1 to December 31, 2022), focusing on children hospitalized for severe malaria according to WHO severity criteria. Results: A total of 403 patients were hospitalized, including 78 cases of severe malaria (19.35%). Males predominated (60.26%) (sex ratio 1.51). The average age was 6.56 years [8 months - 14 years], with the [5 - 10 years] age group the most represented (40.26%). The average consultation time was 5.33 days (1 - 19 days). The main reasons for consultation were fever (70.51%), vomiting (24.35%) and convulsions (14.10%). Biological signs of severity were severe anemia (17.95%), renal failure (6.4%) and hypoglycemia (3.85%). Thrombocytopenia was noted in 52.56% of patients, including 32.05% of severe cases (sis in 61.41% of cases. Hyponatremia was noted in 39.74% of cases and hyperkalemia in 2 patients. Artesunate was the main drug used (93.59% of cases). Mortality was estimated at 1.5%. Factors leading to death were coma (P < 0.01), respiratory distress (P Conclusion: Malaria is still a public health problem, with a high mortality rate in emergency departments. Reducing this mortality rate requires effective management of the factors associated with death.

关键词： Children Malaria Death Factors

Prevalence of Renal Failure in Children and the Need for Dialysis in Paediatric Nephrology in a Developing Country

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2022年第1期12卷 101-111页

作者： Younoussa Keita Aliou A. Ndongo Fatou Ly Ndeye C. Cisse Liliane N. D. M. Yamba Babacar Niang Djiby Seck Amadou Sow Ndeye F. Sow Abou Ba Indou D. Ly Aliou Thiongane Amadou L. Fall Idrissa D. Ba Modou Gueye Pape M. Faye assane sylla Pediatric Unit of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric Unit of Pikine Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric Unit of Albert Royer Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric Unit of Abass Ndao Hospital Dakar Senegal Pediatric Unit of Dalal Diam Hospital Dakar Senegal

Background: Renal failure is among the major visceral failures responsible for morbidity and mortality in children. Epidemiological data on renal failure in children are limited in sub-Saharan Africa, including Senegal. We conducted this study to assess the prevalence of renal failure (RF) and the need for dialysis in the paediatric nephrology unit. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study in the pediatric nephrology unit from 1st January 2020 to 30 June 2021, including children with acute or chronic RF. The need for dialysis was judged to be met by its effectiveness in face of an indication. The data collected were analysed on sphinx plus 2017 software. Results: The prevalence of RF was 60% (n/N = 132/220). RF was acute in 59% (n/N = 78/132) of cases. The mean age was 6.53 ± 4.77 years with a sex ratio of 1.8. The mean serum creatinine level was 27.22 mg/L (240.9 μmol/L) and BUN at 0.85 g/L. The aetiologies were dominated by prerenal AKI (Acute Kidney Injury) complicating nephrotic syndrome (NS) in 37.2% (n/N = 29/78) and dehydration due to stomach flu in 17.6% (n/N = 9/51). Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis including group A streptococcus and plasmodium falciparum accounted for 16.7% (n = 13/78) of intrinsic AKI. The need for dialysis was unmet in 50% (n/N = 7/14) with a mortality of 14.1% (n/N = 11/78). The mean age of the patients with chronic RF was 8.68 ± 4.74 years with a sex ratio of 2.6. The mean serum creatinine level was 36.56 mg/L (323.5 μmol/L) and the BUN level was 0.99 g/L. Half of the children were classified as having CKD stage II (early stage). The aetiologies were dominated by primary focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), 53.7% (n/N = 29/54), renal hypoplasia, 22.2% (n/N = 12/54) and reflux nephropathy, 29.4% (n/N = 5/17). The need for dialysis was unmet in 46.1% (n/N = 6/13). The overall mortality of chronic kidney disease (CKD) with RF was 29.6% (n/N = 8/27). Conclusion: The prevalence of RF was high i

关键词： Renal Failure Glomerulonephritis Hypodysplasia Dialysis Children

A Cluster Expansion Free Method for Computing Higher Derivatives of the Free Energy and Estimating the Error between the Finite and Infinite Volume Free Energy

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2022年第5期10卷 1762-1784页

作者： assane Lo University of Wollongong Dubai and Wollongong Australia

The theory of phase transitions is one of the branches of statistical physics in which smoothness and continuity play an important role. In fact, phase transitions are characterized mathematically by the degree of non-analyticity of the thermodynamic potentials associated with the given system. In this paper, we propose a method that is not based on cluster expansions for computing the higher derivatives of the free energy and estimating the error between the finite and infinite volume free energy in certain continuum gas models. Our approach is suitable for a direct proof of the analyticity of the pressure or free energy in certain models of Kac-type. The methods known up to now strongly rely on the validity of the cluster expansion. An extension of the method to classical lattice gas models is also discussed.

关键词： Witten Laplacians Analyticity Free Energy Kac-Models

Fusarivirus accessory helicases present an evolutionary link for viruses infecting plants and fungi

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Virologica Sinica 2022年第3期37卷 427-436页

作者： assane Hamidou Abdoulaye Jichun Jia Aqleem Abbas Du Hai Jiasen Cheng Yanping Fu Yang Lin Daohong Jiang Jiatao Xie State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China Hubei Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology College of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan430070China

A significant number of mycoviruses have been identified that are related to plant viruses,but their evolutionary relationships are largely unexplored.A fusarivirus,Rhizoctonia solani fusarivirus 4(RsFV4),was identified in phytopathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani(***)strain XY74 co-infected by an ***4 had a genome of 10,833 nt(excluding the poly-A tail),and consisted of four non-overlapping open reading frames(ORFs).ORF1 encodes an 825 aa protein containing a conserved helicase domain(Hel1).ORF3 encodes 1550 aa protein with two conserved domains,namely an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase(RdRp)and another helicase(Hel2).The ORF2 and ORF4 likely encode two hypothetical proteins(520 and 542 aa)with unknown *** phylogenetic analysis based on Hel2 and RdRp suggest that RsFV4 was positioned within the fusarivirus group,but formed an independent branch with three previously reported fusariviruses of ***,the Hel1 and its relatives were phylogenetically closer to helicases of potyviruses and hypoviruses than fusariviruses,suggesting fusarivirus Hel1 formed an evolutionary link between these three virus *** finding provides evidence of the occurrence of a horizontal gene transfer or recombination event between mycoviruses and plant viruses or between *** findings are likely to enhance the understanding of virus evolution and diversity.

关键词： Fusarivirus Potyvirus Hypovirus Helicase Horizontal gene transfer(HGT)

Dynamics of Land Salinization in the Commune of Fimela (Fatick, Senegal) from 1973 to 2020

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2023年第1期15卷 19-34页

作者： Khadidiatou Ba Hyacinthe Sambou Binette Ndiaye assane Goudiaby Institute of Environmental Sciences Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal

In Senegal, the agricultural sector remains a major component of the economy and national growth. As the main subsistence activity for 60% of the population, agricultural activity is essential to reduce poverty and ensure food security for the population. In this context, land degradation is a major constraint. In the Fatick region, in the commune of Fimela, land salinization is a worrying environmental problem. The purpose of this study is to understand the dynamics of soil salinization in Fimela in the context of climate change that tends to modify the evolution of landscapes. It required direct observations in the field, socio-economic surveys based on a questionnaire administered in six (6) villages. The processing of the data from these surveys was carried out with Sphinx software for the extraction of data in numerical form and SPSS to carry out the correlations between the collected variables. Excel was also used to perform calculations and make tables and graphs. In addition, the acquisition and processing of Landsat multi-spectral satellite images from 1973, 1988 and 2020 allowed us to observe the evolution of landscape units according to determining climatic events such as drought. The areas of tans have experienced a positive evolution during the period 1973-2020 with an increase of 163.11 hectares or an evolution rate of 7.47%. The localities most affected are Ndangane, Fimela, Djilor, Simal and the villages of the Mar Islands. The overall dynamics of cultivable land are marked by a decline with a rate of change of −18%. Despite the multiple reforestation campaigns, the mangrove has recorded a continuous decrease of 54.58% or a loss estimated at 5335.59 ha during the period 1973-2020. Finally, the analysis of the results of our study shows that land salinization is a determining element of the dynamics of land use and deteriorates the already precarious living conditions of rural populations and compromises the future of the agropastoral production syste

关键词： Dynamics Land Salinization Fimela Senegal

Poisson Process and Its Application to the Storm Water Overflows

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Computational Water, Energy, and Environmental Engineering 2016年第2期5卷 47-53页

作者： Malick Baldeh Chris Samba Kenneth Tuffour assane Boya Facility Solution Technology Inc. Bakau The Gambia Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal

The homogenous Poisson process is often used to describe the event arrivals. Such Poisson process has been applied in various areas. This study focuses on the arrival pattern of storm water overflows. A set of overflow data was obtained from the storm water pipeline of a municipality. The aim is to verify the overflow arrival pattern and check whether the Poisson process can be applied. The adopted method is the analysis over the inter-arrival times. The exponential distribution test is conducted on the annual data set as well as the entire data set. The results show that all data sets follow the exponential distribution. With the verification of Poisson process, specific examples are also given to show how the Poisson process properties can be used in the management of storm water pipeline management. For other data that are featured with various heterogeneities, the homogenous Poisson process might not be able to be verified and used. Under such circumstances, non-homogenous survival model can be used to simulate the arrival process.

关键词： Storm Water Overflow Poisson Process Exponential Distribution Weibull Distribution