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Mainstreaming Early Warning Systems in Development and Planning Processes: Multilevel Implementation of Sendai Framework in Indus and Sahel

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第2期6卷 189-199页

作者： Asim Zia Courtney hammond Wagner Department of Community Development and Applied Economics University of Vermont Department of Computer Science University of Vermont Rubenstein School of the Environment and Natural Resources University of Vermont

The third UN World Congress on Disaster Risk Reduction, held in Sendai, Japan in March 2015, agreed on a new framework to guide disaster risk reduction policy and practice for the next 15 years. The Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030(SFDRR) leaves important implementation issues unspecified and potentially creates both problems and opportunities for complex,multilevel governance systems in coping with hazards and disastrous events. Early warning systems(EWS), if built into the mainstream of planning for development and disaster relief and recovery, could present a significant opportunity to realize many SFDRR goals. We explore the complexities of using hydrometeorological EWS to prepare for drought and flood disasters in the densely populated communities of Pakistan’s Indus River Basin in contrast to the African Sahel’s less densely settled grasslands. Multilevel governance systems are often dominated by a topdown, technocentric, centralized management bias and have great difficulty responding to the needs of peripheral and vulnerable populations. People-centered, bottom-up approaches that incorporate disaggregated communities with local knowledge into a balanced, multilevel disaster risk management and governance structure have adramatically better chance of realizing the SFDRR goals for disaster risk reduction.

关键词： Early warning systems Infrastructure development Land-use planning Policy implementation Risk governance Sendai Framework Science-policy interface

Natural regeneration in logging gaps of different sizes in Subri River Forest Reserve(Ghana)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第4期33卷 1157-1174页

作者： Maame Esi hammond Radek Pokorný Simon Abugre Augustine Gyedu Department of Silviculture Faculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoZemědělská361300 BrnoCzech Republic Department of Forest Science School of Natural ResourcesUniversity of Energy and Natural ResourcesP.O.Box 214SunyaniGhana Forest Services Division(FSD) P.M.BKumasiGhana

Subri River Forest Reserve(SR)is the most extensive forest area in Ghana with an accompanying rich floral *** the years,logging from both legally prescribed and illegal operations remain the predominant forest disturbance in *** creation following logging is crucial in determining tree species composition and ***,the study evaluated the composition and diversity of naturally regenerated tree species in logging gaps of different sizes and,again examined the roles of these tree species in fulfilling the economic and ecological agenda of sustainable forest management after logging in *** gaps were randomly selected:4 each were grouped into small size(≤200 m^(2)),medium size(201–300 m^(2)),and large size(≥300 m^(2)).Data were gathered from 1 m^(2) circular area at gap centres and repeatedly inside 1 m width strip along 20 m individual N-S-E-W *** diversity differed significantly between gap *** diversity indices were measured in large size *** sizes shared similar *** were significant differences among various height groupings of tree species across all three gap *** preferred medium to large size gaps,while shadetolerant tree species preferred small size gaps for their *** and Lower Risk Near Threatened tree species under Conservation Status and,Premium and Commercial tree species under Utilisation Status preferred small size gaps for their proliferation and ***,we recommend the single tree-based selective logging for ensuring creations of small to medium size(200–300 m^(2))gaps through adjustments to the logging permit process,revision of Allocation Quota Permit,strict adherence to the 40-year polycyclic selection system,along with more dedicated enforcement and *** along these protocols would tremendously facilitate natural regeneration of different suites of timber species resulting in the improvement of the overall biodiversity conservat

关键词： Conservation status Gap size Diversity Logging Natural regeneration Subri River Forest Reserve Tree species Utilisation status

DEVELOPERS ADDRESS NEW CHALLENGES IN THE PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF VERY LARGE SCALE DEVELOPMENTS DESIGNED AS SELF-SUSTAINING COMMUNITIES

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Journal of Green Building 2007年第4期2卷 73-99页

作者： William F.hammond Larry Peterson Florida Gulf Coast University United States Florida A and M University United States

INTRODUCTION This article is focused upon the learning and innovation that grow from the experience of pioneering the implementation of a large-scale(19,500 units)self-sustaining community plan on a large acreage *** the suburban and rural areas of the United States and especially in South Florida old family farmlands and ranches are passing from the generations who assembled and worked them to heirs who would prefer to sell the property for ***&Partners(K&P)was able to secure such a family ranch,the Babcock“Crescent B”Ranch,when attempts by the public and the State of Florida to purchase it were *** precedent K&P has set is to assure that approximately 90%of the 91,361 acres they purchased from the Babcock Family will be in various forms of public ownership at the end of the *** purchase and subsequent below market price sale of the 73,471 acres to the State established Florida’s largest State Preserve,working ranch,single purchase,and public access to lakes and *** was a formidable accomplishment and sets a new precedent and model for land management and *** purchase of the Babcock Ranch completed a publicly owned or leased wildlife corridor that stretches from Lake Okeechobee westward to Charlotte Harbor and the Gulf of *** corridor extends more than halfway across the state.

关键词： owned farmland accomplishment

Synthesis of Acrylonitriles via Mild Base Promoted Tandem Nucleophilic Substitution-Isomerization ofα-Cyanohydrin Methanesulfonates

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2021年第4期39卷 913-917页

作者： Shiwen Liu Lingling Meng Xiaojun Zeng Gerald B.hammond Bo Xu College of Textiles and Clothing&Key Laboratory for Advanced Technology in Environmental Protection of Jiangsu Province Yancheng Institute of TechnologyYanchengJiangsu 224003China Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles Ministry of EducationCollege of ChemistryChemical Engineering and BiotechnologyDonghuo UniversityShanghai 201620China Department of Chemistry University of LouisvilleLouisvilleKentucky 40292United States

Main observation and conclusion We have developed an efficient synthesis of acrylonitriles via mild base promoted tandem nucleophilic substitution-isomerization ofα-cyanohydrin methanesulfonates with alkenylboronic *** transition metal-free protocol works under simple and mild conditions and offers good chemical yields for a wide range of substrates and demonstrates good functional group tolerance.

关键词： Acrylonitriles Nucleophilic substitution Isomerization α-Cyanohydrin methanesulfonates Alkenyl boronic acids

The composition and diversity of natural regeneration of tree species in gaps under different intensities of forest disturbance

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第5期32卷 1843-1853页

作者： Maame Esi hammond Radek Pokorný Daniel Okae-Anti Augustine Gyedu Irene Otwuwa Obeng Department of Silviculture Faculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoZemedelska 361300 BrnoCzech Republic Department of Soil Science School of AgricultureUniversity of Cape CoastP.M.BCape CoastGhana Forestry Services Division(FSD) P.M.BKumasiGhana 4 Madina-AccraGhana

The positive ecological interaction between gap formation and natural regeneration has been examined but little research has been carried out on the effects of gaps on natural regeneration in forests under different intensities of *** study evaluates the composition,diversity,regeneration density and abundance of natural regeneration of tree species in gaps in undisturbed,intermittently disturbed,and disturbed forest *** Tano Forest Reserve in Ghana was the study area and three gaps each were selected in the three forest site *** circular subsampling areas of 1 m2 were delineated at 2 m spacing along north,south,east,and west transects within individual *** on natural regeneration<350 cm height were *** results show that the intensity of disturbance was disproportional to gap *** diversity differed significantly between undisturbed and disturbed sites and,also between intermittently disturbed and disturbed sites for Simpson’s(1-D),Equitability(J),and Berger-Parker(B-P)***,there was no significant difference among forest sites for Shannon diversity(H)and Margalef richness(MI)*** species composition on the sites *** density on the disturbed site was significantly higher than on the two other *** abundance and density of shade-dependent species on all sites identified them as opportunistic replacements of gap-dependent *** species giving way to shade tolerant species is a natural process,thus make them worst variant in gap regeneration.

关键词： Disturbed Intermittently disturbed Undisturbed Forest sites Gap regeneration

Comparative analysis of thinning techniques in pine forests

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第4期33卷 1145-1156页

Thinning is a necessary and complex forestry *** complexity increases due to theoretical disagreements,contradictory recommendations,and errors of modern practice,which require confirmation through longtime *** article presents a summary of experimental results from plantations established 20–30 years ago and explains concepts of the theory,methods,and regime of thinning in permanent sample plots of pine stands in Gatchinsky forest of the Leningrad *** research results allow for the clarification of growth patterns and age dynamics of pine stands subject to heavy,low thinning,as well as the results of applying the crown(high)thinning technique and a mixed treatment.A combined thinning and fertilization could improve wood quality and yield compared to conventional *** particular scientific importance is the analysis of change in tree diameter classes during growth and after *** research results allow for optimizing the treatment regime in pine plantations and reducing labor intensity by increasing the intensity of thinning and reducing the number of techniques.

关键词： Forest management practices Forest stand Selective thinning Silviculture

Twin studies,genome-wide association studies and myopia genetics

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Annals of Eye Science 2017年第1期2卷 349-354页

作者： Katie M.Williams Pirro Hysi Christopher J.hammond Department of Ophthalmology King's College LondonSt Thomas’HospitalLondonUK Department of Twin Research&Genetic Epidemiology King's College LondonSt Thomas’HospitalLondonUK

Myopia is an increasingly prevalent,complex trait influenced by numerous genetic and environmental *** the increasing prevalence may be underlined by changing environmental pressures,the majority of trait variance is explained by genetic *** other words,the dispersion or variation in refractive error within individuals of a defined population is largely due to the effect of *** is supported by the crude but well-replicated dose-response association of one or more myopic parents and risk of myopia in their child(1-4),and to a better degree the high estimates of heritability for refractive error from twin studies(5-8).

关键词： refractive estimates error

ON THE SHANGHAI COMMUNIQUéAND THE ***

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Beijing Review 2022年第9期65卷 20-21页

作者： Ken hammond Mexico State University

In 1954,representatives of France,Britain,the Soviet Union,the United States and China gathered in Geneva,Switzerland,for a conference on the political and military situation in the Korean Peninsula and in French *** ... 详细信息

关键词： Britain Foster Geneva

Phil Mullan,Beyond Confrontation:Globalists,Nationalists and Their Discontents

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2021年第1期14卷 149-152页

作者： Philip hammond School of Arts&Creative Industries London South Bank University103 Borough RoadLondon SE10AAUK

This article is a book review of Beyond Confrontation:Globalists,Nationalists and Their Discontents by Phil *** other writers,Mullan warns of the danger of rising global tensions,but what marks out his contribution is a demystifying historical analysis which identifies the underlying sources of conflict and offers an optimistic and forward-looking *** first part of the book examines the emergence of the current rules-based international order in the aftermath of the Second World War,uncovers its inherent flaws,and draws out how it has now become a source of conflict rather than *** two is devoted to debunking myths about trade and trade agreements-particularly the idea that these are central to economic *** that the relationship between trade and economic growth has been turned upside down,Mullan aims to put it back on its *** concluding part sets out some positive proposals for how to reimagine economic policy approaches in ways that could enable root-and-branch renewal and to think afresh about what type of political culture would facilitate such necessary changes.

关键词： Globalism Trade Protectionism Democracy Economic growth