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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2017年第1期27卷 79-94页

作者： asnake mekuriaw Andreas HEINIMANN Gete ZELEKE Hans HURNI Kaspar HURNI Natural Resources Management Department Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia Geospatial Data and Technology Center Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia Center for Development and Environment University of Bern Switzerland Water and Land Resource Center Addis Ababa Ethiopia

An efficient and reliable automated model that can map physical Soil and Water Conservation（SWC） structures on cultivated land was developed using very high spatial resolution imagery obtained from Google Earth and Arc GIS？ERDAS IMAGINE？and SDC Morphology Toolbox for MATLAB and statistical techniques. The model was developed using the following procedures：（1） a high-pass spatial filter algorithm was applied to detect linear features,（2） morphological processing was used to remove unwanted linear features,（3） the raster format was vectorized,（4） the vectorized linear features were split per hectare（ha） and each line was then classified according to its compass directionand（5） the sum of all vector lengths per class of direction per ha was calculated. Finallythe direction class with the greatest length was selected from each ha to predict the physical SWC structures. The model was calibrated and validated on the Ethiopian Highlands. The model correctly mapped 80% of the existing structures. The developed model was then tested at different sites with different topography. The results show that the developed model is feasible for automated mapping of physical SWC structures. Thereforethe model is useful for predicting and mapping physical SWC structures areas across diverse areas.

关键词： physical SWC structure mapping automated mathematical morphology GIS and remote sensing

Factors influencing the adoption of physical soil and water conservation practices in the Ethiopian highlands

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第1期6卷 23-30页

作者： asnake mekuriaw Andreas Heinimann Gete Zeleke Hans Hurni Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Addis Ababa UniversityPO Box 1739Bahir DarEthiopia Center for Development and Environment University of BernSwitzerland Water and Land Resource Center Addis AbabaEthiopia

Soil and Water Conservation (SWC) structures have been constructed on cultivated land for nearly 40 years to reduce soil loss and improve crop yields and people's livelihoods in the Ethiopian highlands. However, the success of this huge effort has been mixed, and the main constraints have not been investigated in detail. This study was undertaken to identify the factors determining the adoption of SWC structures in the Ethiopian Highlands. Case study areas were selected from high-potential and low-potential areas. Data were collected from 269 farmers using face-to-face interviews, and through focus group discussions, key informant interviews and field observations. Binary logistic regression model and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. The result showed that the majority (87%) of the farmers interviewed were using SWC structures. Regionally, nearly all farmers in the low-potential areas and 56% of farmers in the high-potential areas constructed and were maintaining the structures properly. This disparity is due to the fact that in the low-potential areas there have been strong governmental involvement and technical and financial support, and hence the farmers there have a better understanding of the multiple uses of physical SWC structures than do farmers in the high-potential areas. In addition, off-farm activities and free grazing plays a substantial role. We can conclude that clear understanding of the benefits of SWC structures by farmers, active involvement and technical support from the government, and genuine participation of farmers in SWC practices were found to be main factors in the adoption of SWC measures.

关键词： SWC structures Ethiopian highlands High-potential area Low-potential area Adoption

Application of GIS based analytical hierarchy process and multicriteria decision analysis methods to identify groundwater potential zones in Jedeb Watershed, Ethiopia

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Journal of Groundwater Science and Engineering 2023年第3期11卷 221-236页

作者： Temesgen mekuriaw Manderso Yitbarek Andualem Mekonnen Tadege Aragaw Worku Department of Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering Debre Tabor UniversityDebre Tabor Ethiopia

The hydrogeological situation of the study area requires the identification of groundwater *** sensing and satellite data have proven to be reliable tools for understanding various factors that affect groundwater occurrence and *** study employed weighted overlay analysis based on satellite imagery and secondary data to create a thematic map for characterizing groundwater potentials in the study area located within Abbay Basin,*** sensing(RS)and GIS-based Fuzzy-Analytical Hierarchy Process methods were utilized to classify groundwater potential(GWP)zones into five categories:Very good,good,moderate,poor,and very *** central and eastern parts of the study area were identified as having high(33.186%)and very high(2.351%)groundwater potentials,while the western part exhibited poor and very poor potential *** groundwater potential map delineated higher and moderate potentials,suitable for installing shallow and production *** research demonstrates the effectiveness of RS and GIS techniques for delineating groundwater potential zones,which can aid in the planning and management of groundwater *** research findings have the potential to contribute to the formulation of improved groundwater management programs in the study area.

关键词： Analytical Hierarchy Process Delineation Groundwater potential zones Jedeb Watershed Remote sensing

Signatures of positive selection for local adaptation of African native cattle populations:A review

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第7期22卷 1967-1984页

作者： Wondossen AYALEW WU Xiao-yun Getinet mekuriaw TAREKEGN CHU Min LIANG Chun-nian Tesfaye SISAY TESSEMA YAN Ping Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding EngineeringLanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesLanzhou 730050P.R.China Department of Animal Production and Technology Wolkite UniversityWolkite P.O.Box 07Ethiopia Institute of Biotechnology Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa P.O.Box 1176Ethiopia Scotland’s Rural College(SRUC) Roslin Institute BuildingUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH259RGUnited Kingdom

Cattle are central to the lives and diverse cultures of African *** has played a crucial role in providing valuable protein for billions of households and sources of income and employment for producers and other actors in the livestock value *** long-term natural selection of African cattle typically signals signatures in the genome,contributes to high genetic differentiations across *** has enabled them to develop unique adaptive traits to cope with inadequate feed supply,high temperatures,high internal and external parasites,and ***,these unique cattle genetic resources are threatened by indiscriminate cross-breeding,breed replacements with exotic cosmopolitan breeds,and climate change *** there are no functional genomics studies,recent advancements in genotyping and sequencing technologies have identified and annotated limited functional genes and causal variants associated with unique adaptive and economical traits of African cattle *** genome-wide variants serve as candidates for breed improvement and support conservation efforts for endangered cattle breeds against future climate ***,this review plans to collate comprehensive information on the identified selection footprints to support genomic studies in African cattle to confirm the validity of the results and provide a framework for further genetic association and QTL fine mapping studies.

关键词： adaptive trait African cattle production traits reproduction traits

The Effect of Land Degradation on Farm Size Dynamics and Crop-Livestock Farming System in Ethiopia: A Review

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第1期4卷 1-5页

作者： Assemu Tesfa Shigdaf mekuriaw Andassa Livestock Research Center Bahir Dar Ethiopia.

Ethiopia is among the poorest countries in which poverty, land and resource degradation appear to feed off each other. The irony is that Ethiopia is a country with high biodiversity and distinctive ecosystems and the natural resource base is critical to the economy and the livelihood of a high percentage of the population. Being the owner of varying agro ecology, the country’s agricultural production system had practiced for decades with a maximum potential. However, because of the presence of interrelated problems, the productivity had not sustained as its potential. From the interrelated problems, land degradation takes the first and challengeable problem in many countries. Land degradation refers to a temporary or permanent decline in the productive capacity of the land, or its potential for environmental management as a result;the long-term biological and environmental potential of the land has been compromised. Land degradation in the Ethiopian highlands (i.e. areas above 1500 m.a.s.l.) has been a concern for many years and is a great threat for the future that requires great effort and resources to ameliorate. It had adverse effect on lowering of livestock production by shrinking grazing land, the fertile soil types were washed and the grazing land was dominantly covered by unpalatable pastures and grasses which had low nutritive value and fertility for crop-livestock production system. In other cases, degradation induces farmers to convert land to lower-value uses;for instance, cropland converted to grazing land, or grazing lands converted to shrubs or forests. Equitable and secure access to land is a critical factor for the rural poor, especially livestock owners, who depend on agriculture and animal-related activities for their livelihood. Having secure access to land for agriculture and pastoral activities reduces their vulnerability and enhances their opportunities to invest in land for agriculture and livestock activities. Historical patterns of feudal o

关键词： Crop-Livestock Farming System Farmers Farm Size Dynamics Land Degradation

Husbandry, Productivity and Producers Trait Preference of Goats in North Western Lowlands of Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第2期10卷 313-335页

作者： Tilahun Debela Mengistu Urge Getnet Assefa Zeleke mekuriaw Pawe Agriculture Research Center Pawe Ethiopia School of Animal and Rangeland Sciences Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia Ethiopian Agricultural Research Institute Addis Ababa Ethiopia International Livestock Research Institute Addis Ababa Ethiopia

A survey was conducted in Agalo Meti, Bambasi and Mandura districts of Kamashi, Assosa and Metekel zones of Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, respectively. The aim of the study was to assess production characteristics, productive performances and producer’s traits preference of goats. A total of 177 households who have goat flock and experience in goat production were purposively selected. Data was collected through respondent interviews using structured questionnaire, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and field visit. Data was analyzed using SPSS software and reported using descriptive statistics. Indices were used to present ranking. Farming is characterized by mixed-crop livestock production system and livestock are kept under traditional extensive management system. Greater number of goats than other livestock species were owned in the area. The indigenous goats reared in the area include Arab, Felata and Gumuz. The mean goat flock size per household was 9.81 ± 1.08, 8.31 ± 1.16 and 8.71 ± 0.88 in Agalo Meti, Bambasi and Mandura district, respectively. Goats were primarily kept for generating income (indices = 0.43), followed by saving/insurance (0.34), and meat for home consumption (0.18). About 58% of the producers sell goat skins, whereas (42%) did not-sold through the formal market chain. Natural pasture and indigenous browse species were the major feed resources. About 89.3% of the respondents housed their goats in a well-shaded separately constructed house. The herding practices of goats include: free-roaming all year round (67.8%) and restricted herding (32.2%) during the cropping season. The major constraints for goat production were infectious and parasitic diseases (0.45), inadequate veterinary services (0.39), predators (0.091), marketing problem (0.03) and poor management (0.01). Arab, Felata, and Gumuz goats give first birth at the age of 13.65 ± 0.40, 12.90 ± 0.29 and 12.54 ± 0.43 months, kidded at every 8.52 ± 0.41, 7.85 ± 0.25 and

关键词： Constraints Feed Resources Goats Husbandry Practice

Reproductive Performance and Mortality Rate in Local and Dorper &#215 Local Crossbred Sheep Following Controlled Breeding in Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2014年第5期4卷 278-284页

作者： Mesfin Lakew Mussie Haile-Melekot Getinet mekuriaw Solomon Abreha Haimanot Setotaw Sirinka Agricultural Research Center Woldia Ethiopia College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia College of Agriculture Wollo University Dessie Ethiopia

The reproductive and lamb mortality data (n = 187) of the Local and crosses of Dorper × Local ewes following natural controlled breeding in Ethiopia were analysed. Data were collected during 2009-2011 at Sirinka breeding, evaluation and distribution site, eastern Amhara region of Ethiopia. Breed, lamb sex, birth season, birth year, birth type and ewes’ parity were considered as fixed effects. Data analyses were performed using general linear model procedures. Breed was a significant source of variation: the local sheep attained faster the age at first lambing than the crossbred ewe lambs (469 ± 8.45 vs. 555 ± 6.25 days, p < 0.0001), whereas the crossbred ewes weighed more than the local sheep ewes at the age of first lambing (32.7 ± 0.63 vs. 22.8 ± 0.43 kg, p < 0.0001). Birth year had also important influence on the age and weight at first lambing of ewes. Ewes showed better performance during the later study years, differences attributed due to the improved management advantages in later years. The crossbred and local ewes were comparable in their litter size, despite the fact that the lambing interval of crossbred ewes was longer than the local ewes (306 ± 4.62 vs. 287 ± 2.38 days). Additionally, there was no significant difference in mortality rate between the two breeds. This study confirms that the local ewes had higher annual reproductive rate than that of the crossbred sheep ewes (1.49 ± 0.02 vs. 1.37 ± 0.01 lambs) under the same environmental conditions. The present results suggested that better management and breeding program probably will increase the productivity of the local sheep.

关键词： Reproduction Controlled Breeding Mortality Dorper × Local Local Sheep Sirinka

Production Systems, Genetic Diversity and Genes Associated with Prolificacy and Milk Production in Indigenous Goats of Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第4期10卷 735-749页

作者： Simon Patrick Baenyi Joseph Owino Junga Christian Keambou Tiambo Ahadi Bwihangane Birindwa Katcho Karume Getinet mekuriaw Tarekegn Joel Winyo Ochieng Department of Animal Production Université Evangélique en Afrique Bukavu The Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Animal Production University of Nairobi Nairobi Kenya Bioscience Eastern and Central Africa-International Livestock Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Centre for Tropical Livestock Genetics and Health-International Livestock Research Institute (CTLGH-ILRI) Nairobi Kenya Regional Universities Forum for Capacity Building in Agriculture (RUFORUM) Wandegeya Kampala Uganda Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Uppsala Sweden

Goats are one of the oldest domesticated animal species widely distributed in the world playing an important role in the food production system in Sub-Saharan African Region (SSAR). Due to their multiple uses (milk production, meat, fiber and hides) and adaptation aptitudes to ecological conditions, goats produce and contribute positively to farmers’ socio-economy status in various production systems. This review aimed at giving a summary overview on the goat’s production systems characteristics, the genetic diversity and the candidate genes affecting reproductive and milk production performances in goat breeds in SSAR. It has been observed that traditional livestock production system with communal grazing system is the most used in goat keeping in SSAR. The geographical locations play an important role in the relationships between goat’s distributions in the region. At the same time, goats might have been differentiated and isolated one to others due to the wide geographic range, the diversify climate and the topography in the region. Among the six worldwide known haplogroups of goat (A, B, C, D, G and F), haplogroup A is the most representative in SSAR. However, haplogroup G and B can be found in some goat populations in some countries in east (Kenya and Ethiopia) and south parts of Africa. This review reveals that little is known on the candidate genes associated with prolificacy and milk production traits in indigenous goat breeds in the region. That observation suggests the importance of assessing candidate genes associated with economic traits in the populations of goat in SSAR.

关键词： Gene Prolificacy Milk Production Sub-Saharan African Region