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Landslide Distribution and Processes in the Hills of Central Nepal: Geomorphic and Statistical Approach to Susceptibility Assessment

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第12期8卷 276-302页

作者： Motilal Ghimire Niroj timalsina Central Department of Geography Tribhuvan University Kathmandu Nepal International Center for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) Kathmandu Nepal

The study examined the landslide distribution, processes, and susceptibility of the Lalbakaiya watershed using GIS and remote sensing technology. Inventory of landslides was done using high-resolution satellite imagery available on Google Earth and was verified and further investigated during the field visit. Geomorphic as well as statistical approaches were applied to assess landslides susceptibility and the significance of their outputs was discussed. Map layers representing conditioning and triggering factors of landslide occurrence were produced from various spatial data sources. The study found that the landslide of the Lalbakaiya watershed is primarily controlled by geology representing young, weak, fragile, and weathered sedimentary rocks. Besides, the role of topography such as steep slope, high relative relief, and land use and land cover played an important role in determining the landslide susceptibility. These processes are triggered by monsoon precipitation, seismicity, and land use change in addition to other factors. The geomorphic approach produces a reliable landslide susceptible map as evidenced by past and present (active) failures on a landscape unit, but this map has low predictability of the landslides occurrence. In contrast, the landslide susceptibility map derived from the landslide index method fairly conforms with that derived from the geomorphic approach. Susceptibility calculated by landslide index map is represented by a pixel value that indicates a probability of landslides occurrence, and is amenable to group into various susceptible classes. The model can predict areas of landslides based on quantitative relation between landslides and geo-ecological factors. The limitation of this approach is that these susceptible areas do not represent clearly defined landscape units, and can also overlook highly erodible areas where landslides are not apparent despite severe erosion and numerous minor failures. The study confirms that both geomor

关键词： Landslide Chure Hills Susceptibility Watershed

Prevalence and current antibiogram trend of bacterial isolates of urinary tract infections in outpatients at Helping Hands Community Hospital,Kathmandu,Nepal

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2016年第10期4卷 813-815页

作者： Sunil Pandey Bivek timalsina Department of Medical Microbiology Nobel CollegePokhara UniversitySinamangalKathmanduNepal

Objective:To ascertain the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacteria from urinary tract ***:A retrospective analysis of bacterial pathogens and antibiogram was done in Helping Hands Community Hospital Laboratory from August to November,***:The prevalence of bacterial isolates was higher among females(44.70%)than males(31.34%)(P<0.001).The most common bacteria were Escherichia coli 35(59.32%),followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus 5(8.47%),Salmonella enterica 4(6.78%),Proteus mirabilis 2(3.39%),Proteus vulgaris 2(3.39%),Klebsiella pneumoniae 2(3.39%),Salmonella typhi 2(3.39%),Pseudomonas species 2(3.39%),Staphylococcus aureus 2(3.39%),Citrobacter species 2(3.39%),Acinetobacter baumannii 1(1.69%),Acinetobacter species 1(1.69%),Proteus vulgaris 1(1.69%).Conclusions:Most Gram-positive isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantoin,gentamycin and norfloxacin,and they are considered as appropriate microbials for empirical treatment of urinary tract infections.

关键词： Escherichia coli Antimicrobial resistance Nepal Uropathogens

Urban Open Space as a Place for Social and Physical Well-being:Narratives from two Different Urban Settings of Kathmandu,Nepal

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Journal of Geographical Research 2021年第1期4卷 1-8页

作者： Krishna Prasad timalsina Department of Geography Trichandra Multiple CampusTUNepal

Increasing population and densification of the cities lead to increasing land value by the high demand of land for housing and other infrastructure developments are the reasons that tend to decreasing open spaces in Kathmandu Valley in general,and Kathmandu Metropolitan City(KMC)in *** open space has been considered as a place that is accessible to all residents and is important in the urban context as such space provides an opportunity as a place for social interaction,networking,recreation,and various physical health ***,different social and economic contexts of the society reflect different patterns of its *** different urban settings(core urban areas having indigenous dominant population and fringe urban areas having migrants’dominant population)have been taken as a basis for analysis in this paper to look at how different urban societies use open spaces *** spaces are not only important for maintaining urban greenery and beauty for the city but are valued for accumulating social capital and enhancing physical well-being to urban *** issues are analyzed through the interpretative research methodology by collecting the data through in-depth interviews,key informants’interviews,informal conversational interviews,and nonparticipatory observation from two different urban settings of KMC.

关键词： Open Space Place Urban Core Urban Fringe Well-being Society

Open Space Implications in Urban Development: Reflections in Recent Urban Planning Practices in Nepal

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Journal of Geographical Research 2022年第2期5卷 69-81页

作者： Krishna Prasad timalsina Bhim Prasad Subedi Central Department of Geography Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal University Grants Commission Tribhuvan UniversityNepal

Open space has various implications in urban development planning and has been integrated in recent urban planning approaches and practices in *** open spaces are not only important for(re)shaping the urban form but are also important for enhancing urban social life and disaster risk management,particularly for dense *** most of the cities in Nepal have been growing haphazardly,the cities lack sufficient open ***,the value of open space in dense cities like Kathmandu has been recognized more after the Gorkha Earthquake 2015 as the open spaces were extensively used for risk relief,treatment,recovery,and rehabilitation during and after the *** this background,this paper presents the major planning initiatives in Nepal and discusses how recent urban plans have provisioned and initiated open spaces development by reviewing concurrent urban planning practices,particularly reviewing Periodic Plans,Integrated Urban Development Plan,Smart City Plan,and Land Development *** development of open areas has not been given much attention in the earlier urban planning practice but recent urban development planning has emphasized with a special focus which is very important for sustainable and safer city development and is expected to address the current bulging urban issues of spatiality and ***,it is very important for integrating open space implications in city planning and such open space should be conceptualized according to the city’s geography,landscape as well as socio-cultural contexts.

关键词： Open space Urban development Planning practices Land development