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Soil and water conservation measures improve soil carbon sequestration and soil quality under cashews

International Journal of Sediment Research 2021年第2期36卷 190-206页

作者： Gopal Ramdas Mahajan Bappa Das Sandrasekaran Manivannan Begur Lakshminarasimha Manjunath Ram Ratan Verma Sujeet desai Rahul Mukund Kulkarni Ashish Marotrao Latar Reshma Sale Dayesh Murgaonkar Kiran Puna Patel Shaiesh Morajkar ashwini desai Natasha Barnes Heena Mulla Natural Resource Management ICAR-Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Regional Centre Division of Fruit Crops ICAR-Indian Institute of Horticultural Research Division of Crop Production Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University Biological Oceanography Division CSIReNational Institute of Oceanography Goa University

Land degradation is becoming a serious problem in the west coast region of India where one of the world’s eight biodiversity hotspots, the ‘Western Ghats’, is present. Poor land management practices and high rainfall have led to increasing problems associated with land degradation. A long-term(13-year)experiment was done to evaluate the impact of soil and water conservation measures on soil carbon sequestration and soil quality at three different depths under cashew nut cultivation on a 19% slope. Five soil and water conservation measures-continuous contour trenches, staggered contour trenches, halfmoon terraces, semi-elliptical trenches, and graded trenches all with vegetative barriers of Stylosanthes scabra and Vetiveria zizanoides and control were evaluated for their influence on soil properties,carbon sequestration, and soil quality under cashews. The soil and water conservation measures improved significantly the soil organic carbon, soil organic carbon stock, carbon sequestration rate and microbial activity compared to the control condition(without any measures). Among the measures tested, continuous contour trenches with vegetative barriers outperformed the others with respect to soil organic carbon stock, sequestration rate, and microbial activity. The lower metabolic quotient with the measures compared to the control indicated alleviation of environmental stress on microbes. Using principal component analysis and a correlation matrix, a minimum dataset was identified as the soil available nitrogen, bulk density, basal soil respiration, soil p H, acid phosphatase activity, and soil available boron and these were the most important soil properties controlling the soil quality. Four soil quality indices using two summation methods(additive and weighted) and two scoring methods(linear and non-linear) were developed using the minimum dataset. A linear weighted soil quality index was able to statistically differentiate the effect of soil and water conservation me

关键词： Land degradation Microbial activity Microbial biomass carbon Minimum dataset Soil erosion Western Ghats

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Hand Gesture-based Artificial Neural Network Trained Hybrid Human–machine Interface System to Navigate a Powered Wheelchair

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2021年第5期18卷 1045-1058页

作者： Ashley Stroh Jaydip desai Department of Biomedical Engineering Wichita State UniversityWichitaKS 67260USA

Individuals with cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy often lack fine motor control of their fingers which makes it difficult to control traditional powered wheelchairs using a *** have shown the use of surface electromyography to steer powered wheelchairs or automobiles either through simulations or gaming ***,these studies significantly lack issues with real world scenarios such as user’s safety,real-time control,and efficiency of the controller *** purpose of this study was to design,evaluate,and implement a hybrid human–machine interface system for a powered wheelchair that can detect human intent based on artificial neural network trained hand gesture recognition and navigate a powered wheelchair without colliding with objects around the *** Conjugate Gradient(SCG),Bayesian Regularization(BR),and Levenberg Marquart(LM)supervised artificial neural networks were trained in offline testing on eight participants without disability followed by online testing using the classifier with highest *** Regularization architecture showed highest accuracy at 98.4%across all participants and hidden *** participants successfully completed the path in an average of 5 min and 50 s,touching an average of 22.1%of the *** proposed hybrid system can be implemented to assist people with neuromuscular disabilities in near future.

关键词： Electromyography,Artificial neural network,Hybrid control,Powered wheelchair Assistive technology,Hand gesture recognition

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Common effluent treatment plant(CETP):Reliability analysis and performance evaluation

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Water Science and Engineering 2018年第3期11卷 205-213页

作者： ashwini V.Padalkar Rakesh Kumar CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute(NEERI) Mumbai 400018India

Common effluent treatment plants(CETPs) have been installed and are in operation at numerous industrial clusters throughout India. They serve to reduce effluent treatment cost, provide better collective treatment, and reduce land cost for small-scale industrial facilities that cannot afford individual treatment plants. Optimum working conditions for treatment of effluent to be at par with discharge standards is a major mandate for any CETP. In this study, the reliability and removal efficiencies(REs) of a CETP in the industrial area of Maharashtra State in India were examined. An established methodology was adopted to determine the effectiveness of the CETP in terms of biochemical oxygen demand(BOD), chemical oxygen demand(COD), total suspended solids(TSS), and oil and grease(O&G) concentrations. The CETP's compliance with respect to design standards and its operation were studied in detail. This paper highlights the results of RE and the coefficient of determination(R2) values obtained from the CETP data, estimates the pollutants removed at the highest and lowest rates over a period of time, and highlights the reasons for problem areas along with remedial measures. It was observed that, except O&G, all the parameters(BOD, COD, and TSS)showed fluctuations in removal efficiencies and their reliabilities. This situation can be improved by releasing effluent containing hydraulic and organic loading to the CETP as per standards and optimizing treatment processes, especially primary clari-flocculators and aeration tanks, both of which are important units of any CETP.

关键词： Aeration tank Clari-flocculator Coefficient of reliability Coefficient of variation Common effluent treatment plant Removal efficiency Reliability analysis

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Rare earth(La)and metal ion(Pb)substitution induced structural and multiferroic properties of bismuth ferrite

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2015年第4期4卷 292-299页

作者： Poorva SHARMA ashwini KUMAR Dinesh VARSHNEY Materials Science Laboratory School of PhysicsVigyan BhawanDevi Ahilya UniversityKhandwa Road CampusIndore 452001India Department of Physics Southeast UniversityJiangning DistrictNanjing 211189China

In this study,bulk samples of multiferroic with compositional formula,BiFeO3 and Bi_(0.825)A_(0.175)FeO_(3)(A=La,Pb),were synthesized by solid state reaction route.X-ray diffraction(XRD)along with the Rietveld refinement revealed the distorted rhombohedral(R3c)structure for pristine BiFeO3 and Bi0.825La0.175FeO3 and tetragonal(P4/mmm)for Bi_(0.825)Pb_(0.175)FeO_(3)*** support the structural results,bond length between atoms for both of the compounds was calculated.A change in Raman mode position in BiFeO3(BFO)has been observed with La and Pb substitution from Raman scattering measurements and also recommended a structural change with rare earth and metal ion substitution at Bi *** the frequency dependent dielectric constant and dielectric loss plots,a decrease in dielectric values with increase in frequency was observed for both of the *** microelectronic devices,porous ceramics with lower value of dielectric constant are most ***,further studies are also needed to carefully tune the magnetoelectric properties and structural distortion after La/Pb substitution in BFO.

关键词： ceramics X-ray diffraction(XRD) Raman spectroscopy dielectric properties

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In situ synthesis of Ag-SiO_2 Janus particles with epoxy functionality for textile applications

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Particuology 2015年第2期13卷 107-112页

作者： Kamlesh Panwar Manjeet Jassal ashwini K.Agrawal SMITA Research Labs Department of Textile TechnologyIndian Institute of Technology

A facile method for the synthesis of silver-silica （Ag-SiO2）Janus particles with functionalities suitable for textile applications is reported. Silica nanoparticles prepared by the StOber method were functionalized with epoxy, amine, and thiol groups, which were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared analysis. The functionalized silica nanoparticles were used to produce Pickering emulsions, and the exposed surface was used for the attachment of silver nanoparticles （AgNPs） via the low-temperature chemical reduction method. The morphology and structure of the Ag-SiO2 Janus particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and UV-vis spectroscopy. Because of their specific functionalities, these Ag-SiO2 Janus particles are proposed for applications on textile substrates, as they can overcome several drawbacks of direct application of AgNPs on textiles, such as leaching, agglomeration, and instability during storage.

关键词： Ag-SiO2 Janus particles Picketing emulsion Textile applications

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Emerging mosquito-borne arboviral infection Zika-An epidemiological review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2020年第5期10卷 193-200页

作者： ashwini Malla Balamurugan Shanmugaraj Sathishkumar Ramalingam Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory Department of BiotechnologyBharathiar UniversityCoimbatoreTamil NaduIndia

The unprecedented resurgence and geographical expansion of arboviral infections such as dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika have a significant impact on human health and pose a serious threat to public health globally in recent years. Zika virus is a Flavivirus and is transmitted to humans through an infected mosquito bite. The Zika virus has been identified in many countries in Africa, Asia, and Pacific islands and sporadic human cases have been reported since 1947. The non-specific clinical symptoms of Zika fever are often misdiagnosed with other arboviral infections, especially dengue and chikungunya. Till now, there is no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment for Zika infection. The recent emergence of Zika is alarming and highlights the need for arboviral research to develop an effective treatment. Here in this review, we discussed the epidemiology of Zika, which has re-emerged in the recent decade and caused international concern.

关键词： Arboviruses Epidemiology Mosquito Zika

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Impact of D-dimer on in-hospital mortality following aortic dissection:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Cardiology 2024年第6期16卷 355-362页

作者： Sashwath Srikanth Shabnam Abrishami Lakshmi Subramanian ashwini Mahadevaiah Ankit Vyas Akhil Jain Sangeetha Nathaniel Subramanian Gnanaguruparan Rupak desai Department of Medicine ECU Health Medical CenterGreenvilleNC 27834United States Department of Research Independent Outcomes ResearchLos AngelesCA 90036United States Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health Harvard UniversityBostonMA 02115United States Department of Vascular Medicine Ochsner Clinic FoundationNew OrleansLA 70121United States Department of Leukemia The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77079United States Department of Cardiology Heart and Vascular ClinicNewarkDE 19713United States Independent Researcher AtlantaGA 30079United States

BACKGROUND The utility of D-dimer(DD)as a biomarker for acute aortic dissection(AD)is ***,its predictive value for in-hospital mortality remains uncertain and subject to conflicting *** To conduct a meta-analysis of AD-related in-hospital mortality(ADIM)with elevated DD *** We searched PubMed,Scopus,Embase,and Google Scholar for AD and ADIM literature through May *** was assessed using I2 statistics and effect size(hazard or odds ratio)analysis with random-effects *** size,study type,and patients’mean age were used for subgroup *** significance threshold was P60 *** and larger sample size studies(n>250)demonstrated a heightened likelihood of ADIM associated with elevated DD levels(effect size:2.57,95%CI:1.30-5.08,P<0.01 vs effect size:1.05,95%CI:1.00-1.11,P=0.05,respectively).CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis shows elevated DD increases in-hospital mortality risk in AD patients,highlighting the need for larger,prospective studies to improve risk prediction models.

关键词： D-dimer Aortic dissection Mortality Biomarker Systematic review Meta-analysis

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Atmospheric pressure plasma-assisted green synthesis of amphiphilic SiO2 Janus particles

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Particuology 2017年第4期15卷 50-54页

作者： Kamlesh Panwar Manjeet Jassal ashwini K. Agrawal SMITA Research Lab Department of Textile Technology Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Hauz Khas New Delhi 11 O016 India

A facile green approach for the synthesis of amphiphilic SiO2 Janus particles using low temperature atmospheric pressure plasma is reported in this study. Monodispersed SiO2 particles were masked by embedding half of their surface inside a polystyrene film. The exposed surfaces of the SiO2 particles were readily modified using He/CF3 CFH2 low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma to obtain amphiphilic Janus particles. Their amphiphilic nature was confirmed using fluorescent microscopy by tagging their hydrophilic part with a fluorescent dye. The present method can be used to generate amphiphilic Janus particles with a variety of functionalities, which may find applications as surfactants and surface modifying agents.

关键词： Hydrophilic Hydrophobic SiO2 FITC Atmospheric pressure plasma

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Ichnofabric analysis of bathyal chalks:the Miocene Inglis Formation of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands,India

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2021年第4期10卷 494-508页

作者： Bhawanisingh G.desai School of Petroleum Technology Pandit Deendayal Energy UniversityGandhinagarGujaratIndia

In the Bay of Bengal,the Andaman and Nicobar Islands represent part of the Burma-Sunda-Java subduction *** Islands are composed of sediments ranging in age from Jurassic to Recent,represented by ophiolites,flysch sediments,along with deep marine sediments scraped off from the subducting *** stratigraphic succession that overlies meta-sedimentary and ophiolite suites consists of turbidite and non-turbidite sequences,along with thick-bedded nannofossil *** present study describes ichnofabrics of chalks from the Inglis Formation(Early to Middle Miocene).These chalks are highly to moderately bioturbated and comprise several levels of ferruginised layers as weak discontinuity *** studied section shows the recurring occurrence of ichnotaxa belonging to Asterosoma,Chondrites,Cladichnus,Ophiomorpha,Palaeophycus,Planolites,Taenidium,Thalassinoides,and *** are represented by Bioturbation indices varying between BI-2 to BI-5,represented by(a)light coloured trace fossils in dark sediment(LID ichnofabric)and(b)dark coloured trace fossils in light sediment(DIL ichnofabric).Ichnofabric analysis suggests multiple colonization,complex tiering,and multilayer *** LID ichnofabric exposed at Kalapathar reveals three tiers,a diverse shallow tier and a moderately low diverse middle and deep *** the Lacam Point Section,in contrast,the LID ichnofabric is represented by condensation of the tiers and the absence of shallow *** DIL ichnofabric at the Kalapathar Section seems to be more expanded and is represented by four tiers with extensive *** analysis supports deposition of the chalk sediments in a lower bathyal paleoenvironment and suggests that organic matter,pore water,and bottom-water oxygenation were the main controlling ***,the ichnofabric analysis of the EarlyMiddle Miocene Inglis Formation gives first-hand information regarding the poorly known chalk facies of the Andaman and Nicobar Islan

关键词： Ichnofabric Nannofossil ooze Chalk Bathyal Bay of Bengal Miocene

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Recent progress in in vivo studies and clinical applications of magnesium based biodegradable implants–A review

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第4期9卷 1149-1166页

作者： Prithivirajan Sekar Narendranath S Vijay desai Corrosion Engineering Lab Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational Institute of Technology KarnatakaSurathkalSrinivasanagarMangalore 575025KarnatakaIndia

Biodegradable magnesium has regained great attention due to its ability to temporarily offer mechanical strength and degrade completely once the injured pathological tissue is healed.A few clinical applications of Mg-based implants were reported in the last ***,the knowledge and experience is being gained continuously by studying the host response and degradation behavior of Mg implant in animal models and clinical *** led to the development of commercial products emerging from Europe and Asia very *** potential of Mg implants in repairing fractures at upper and lower limb of large,small animal models and humans is compared and discussed in *** addition the possible future Mg implants that might treat problems concerning to urology and gynecology are reviewed.

关键词： Biodegradable Magnesium Fracture healing Translational medicine Clinical trials

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