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Epidemiological Pattern of Breast Diseases among Females in the South-Western Region, Saudi Arabia

International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020年第5期11卷 257-269页

作者： Abdulrahman Manaa Alamri Saeed Ali Alsareii Hajr Al-Wadei Awad Mohammed Al-Qahtani Salem Ali Alatef Sultan Sara Ali Alshamrani Ahmed Hamzah Almakrami Abdullah Ahmed Daiel Ahlam Yahya Alyami ashwaq mousa hommadi Yagoub Mohammed Tahir Ali Department of Surgery College of Medicine Najran University Najran KSA Department of Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine Najran University Najran KSA College of Medicine Najran University Najran KSA Department of General surgery King Khalid Hospital Najran KSA

Background: Breast diseases cover several conditions. The majority of breast diseases are noncancerous. Some of these lesions are clinically unremarkable, which needed minimal intervention. However, some symptoms may be of clinical value and attract the attention of both the patient and the attending physician, especially when they become persistent. The study aimed to assess the prevalence, pattern, types, and clinical profile of breast diseases among females in the South-western region, during the period from 2018-2020. Methods: A retrospective record-based descriptive approach was used through reviewing medical records of all cases with breast disease attended King Khalid Hospital during the period from January 2018 to January 2020. Data extracted throng pre-structured questionnaire. Results: The study included 211 cases whose ages ranged from 18 to 58 years old with a mean age of 28.9 ± 12.8 years. Breast mass was the most recorded complaint (95.1%) followed with breast pain (32%), skin changes. Benign findings based on the final pathology report were recorded for more than two thirds of the cases, with the most common finding were fibroadenoma. Excisional biopsy and modified radical mastectomy were the most reported surgical interventions. Conclusions: In conclusion, the study revealed that the majority of the cases had benign breast disease (BBD), where fibroadenoma was the most frequent.

关键词： Breast Disease Females Incidence Pattern Predictors Epidemiolo-gylesions Biopsy

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Quantifying the Euphrates Electric Conductivity Depending on Parameters by Dimensional Analysis Method

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Engineering（科研） 2023年第5期15卷 301-317页

作者： Ali Hassan hommadi Nadhir Al-Ansari National Center for Water Resources Management Ministry of Water Resources Babylon Iraq Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden

The searching about methods to connect the variables with each other to reach equations including multi variables. The dimensional analysis is a method to facilitate the solution of difficult mathematic equations and experimental formulas;therefore methods of simplifying the difficult equations and obtaining a new equation with different variables is needed. In this study will use 2 methods (statically with dimensionally analysis) to obtain electric conductivity of water of Euphrates river by multi parameters that are time (t), temperature (Te), density, viscosity, discharge and water depth in upstream of Alhindya barrage which located in Babylon governorate, Iraq during winter 2019. The equations were obtained for EC with Te and t by data were collected from Alhindya barrage office with R2 = 0.999 and R2 = 0.995 by statically ways. Dimension analysis was utilized via 2 stages. In first stage was obtained on equation of EC with respect to Te, water density (ρ) and dynamic viscosity (μ) with constant time, depth of water and discharge and we obtain on R2 was 0.994 and R2 = 0.986. In second stage was obtained formula of EC with respect to Te, water density (ρ), dynamic viscosity (μ), with variable time, depth of water and discharge with we obtain on R2 = 0.945 and R2 = 0.94. The result of research indicates that applying the dimension analysis to connect more than one variable with each other to find best solutions and best methods to facilitate the solving the equations. From dimension analysis gave a clear visualization of the association of several variables to give a result that helps measure the electrical conductivity of water in the absence of a water test device.

关键词： Electric Conductivity Temperature Dimension Analysis Statistical Analysis

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Calculating the Yield, Water Utilize Efficiency and Water Productivity for Carrot Crop under Climate Change Effects

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Engineering（科研） 2022年第10期14卷 415-426页

The present work analyzed the yield, water utilize efficiency and water productivity for carrot Crop under climate change effects. In this research, river water was used with irrigation ratios with drain water to irrigate the carrots (Daucus carota L.) crop during the winter growing season 2021-2022 in free field and utilizing furrow irrigation method with calculation the water use efficiency and water productivity to three sites. The study was conducted in the three sites in the Babil province in Town of Sadat-AlHindya reached 80 km from Baghdad city. Site 1 was used 33% drain water and 67% river water while site 2 was used 83% drain water and 17% river water but the site 3 was used 100% river water. The reduction of yield in site 1 was 17.3% and in site 2 was 75%. The reducing of WUE in site 1 was 23% and in site 2 was 77%. The decrease of WP in site 1 was 22.98% and in site 2 was 82.28%. The value of water stress coefficient (Ks) because irrigation by water salanity and soil salanty was 0.83, 0.78 and 0.92 in site 1,site 2 and site 3, respectively, water salanity and soil salanty reduction in productivity by 9%, 14% and 7% in production of site 1, site 2 and site 3, respectively in every irrigating.

关键词： Climate Change Carrot Water Use Efficiency Water Productivity

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Evaluation of Actual Evapotranspiration and Crop Coefficient in Carrot by Remote Sensing Methodology Using Drainage and River Water to Overcome Reduced Water Availability

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Engineering（科研） 2023年第5期15卷 352-366页

作者： Ali H. hommadi Nadhir Al-Ansari Hatem H. Hussien Rafat N. Abd Algan Ghaith M. Ali Majed National Center for Water Resource Management Ministry of Water Resource Baghdad Iraq Luleå University of Technology Luleå Sweden

Searching for alternative methods for traditional irrigation is World trend at days due to a reduction in water and increased of drought due to climate changes therefore farmers need use modern methods of scheduling water and minimizing water losses while also increasing yield. To meet the future increasing demands water and food there is a need to utilize alternative methods to reduce evaporation, transpiration and deep percolation of water. Any countries use recycled water (drain and sewage) and desalination water from the sea or drains to irrigate crops plus computing actual crop evapotranspiration (ETc) so as to calculate the amount of water to apply to a crop. The paper aims to assess the actual evaporation and evaporation coefficient of carrots, by planting carrots in a field and the crop was exposed to several sources of water (DW and RW) and comparing ETc, Kc and production among plots of three sites (A, B and C). The study used two types of irrigation water (drain water (DW) and river water (RW)). The results were to monthly rate and accumulated actual evapotranspiration to C (irrigation by RW only) more than A (67% RW and 33% DW) and B (17% RW and 83% DW) via 7% and 58%, respectively. The yield to C more than A and B by 17% and 75%, respectively. In conclusion the use of DW can cause a reduction in crop consumptive of carrot crops also causes a reduction in yield, crop length, root length, root size, canopy of crop, number of leaves and biomass of the plant therefore, the drainage water needs to treated before irrigating crops And making use of it to irrigate the fields and fill the shortfall in the amount of water from the river. The drain water helped on filling the water shortage due to climate changes and giving production of carrot crop but less than river water.

关键词： Carrot Reference Evapotranspiration Actual Evapotranspiration (ETa) Marginal Water Crop Coefficient Landsat Satellite

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Evaluating Water Scarcity Indices for Cultivation Region in Sadat Al-Hindya, Babylon, Iraq: A Case Study

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Engineering（科研） 2023年第10期15卷 647-662页

作者： Ali Hassan hommadi Nadhir Abbas Al-Ansari Ahmed Al Obaidy Wissam K. Obied Rafat N. Abdul-Ghni Sawan Ali Abed National Center for Water Resources management Ministry of Water Resources Baghdad Iraq Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering Lulea University of Technology Lulea Sweden Seneca Polytechnic Toronto Canada College of Science University of Al-Qadisiyah Diwaniyah Iraq

The study evaluated the Water Scarcity Indices for Cultivation Region in Sadat Al-Hindya, Babylon, Iraq. It calculated the reference evapotranspiration, actual evapotranspiration, and amount of precipitation with effective rainfall to estimate the droughts indicators which are the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), the Standard Precipitation and Evaporation Rain Index (SPEI) and Reconnaissance Drought Index RDI. The study indicated that the greatest decrease in river flow occurred from 2019-2021 to 2020-2021 due to increasing temperature in summer and decreasing precipitation in winter. This research evaluated a wet and drought indicating for planning and management of water resources to face changes in climate of future. The research showed the last years were years of drought according to the three indicators. SPI ranged from 0.5 to 1.5 in the rainy years, but it was -0.5 to -1 as moderately dry because in the middle of Iraq while in the south of Iraq was severely dry or extremely dry. SPEI of the study area ranged from -1.5 to -2.5 which means severely dry. The SPEI measures are negative values meaning the months and years were drier. RDi ranged from 0 to -1 was dry and moderately dry while some months and years are positive and will be wet through rainfall for ten years (2014-2023). From indices showed that the region was a drying study area due to the impact of climate change because of the reduction of precipitation and increase in temperature which caused a rise of evapotranspiration during the last few years.

关键词： Drought Indices Evapotranspiration Precipitation Climate Change

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