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Universal converse flexoelectricity in dielectric materials via varying electric field direction

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International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials 2021年第1期12卷 107-128页

作者： Saurav Sharma Rajeev kumar Rahul Vaish School of Engineering Indian Institute of Technology MandiMandiIndia

Flexoelectricity is a symmetry independent electromechanical cou-pling phenomenon that outperforms piezoelectricity at micro and nanoscales due to its size-dependent behavior arising from gradi-ent terms in its constitutive ***,due to this gradient term flexoelectricity,to exhibit itself,requires specially designed geometry or material composition of the dielectric *** of its kind,the present study put forward a novel strategy of achieving electric field gradient and thereby converse flexoelectri-city,independent of geometry and material composition of the *** spatial variation of the electric field is established inside the dielectric material,Ba_(0.67)Sr_(0.33)TiO_(3)(BST),by manipulating electrical boundary *** unique patterns of electrode placement are suggested to achieve this spatial *** varying direction of electric field gives rise to electric field gradient,the prerequisite of converse flexoelectricity.A multi-physics cou-pling based theoretical framework is established to solve the flexo-electric actuation by employing isogeometric analysis(IGA).Electromechanically coupled equations of flexoelectricity are solved to obtain the electric field distribution and the resulting displace-ments *** maximum displacements of 0.2 nm and 2.36 nm are obtained with patterns I and ii,respectively,while pattern iiI can yield up to 85 nm of maximum displacement.

关键词： Converse flexoelectricity electrical boundary conditions electric field direction isogeometric analysis

Aquatic resources and feed diversification:Reviewing three case studies from South East Asia with a viewpoint of trophic intensification in rice fish culture

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2024年第4期9卷 501-510页

作者： Surjya kumar Saikia Aquatic Ecology and Fish Biology Laboratory Department of ZoologyVisva-Bharati UniversitySantiniketanWest Bengal731235India

Management of fed-fish culture practices,at present,stands on two broad feed categories,(i)formulated proteinaceous aquafeeds and(ii)the natural *** use of the later is gaining popularity since it offers sustainability to fish *** often targets phyto-and zooplanktonic resources,but mostly ignores *** review discusses the works on feed diversification performed independently at different ***,*** carpio,Labeo rohita and Amblypharyngodon mola were projected as potential candidates for resource-nutrient management with feed diversification in rice fish *** *** the rice fish culture called Aji Gnui Assonii in terrace water-logged rice field of Apatani Plateau,Arunachal Pradesh(India)is referred as self-substrating aquaculture *** monoculture practice experiences high carp productivity since there remains surplus of resources below the threshold level in these rice ***,***,explores periphytic resources in ponds when substrates are *** a result,filter feeders get more foraging aquatic phase intensifying the resources for exploration in *** concept is suggested for rice fields with water depth above 50 cm where rice stems act as *** trenches or refuge canals,resource intensification may be managed for more cultivable fishes in rice fields with<50 cm water *** model of resource intensification further allows inclusion of Small Indigenous Fish Species(SIFs)-which are rich source of many ***,integration of SIFs confers huge potentiality for intensification of nutrients,especially protein and micronutrients in rice fields.

关键词： Periphyton Cyprinus carpio Labeo rohita Amblypharyngodon mola Small indigenous fish species Rice fish culture

Geochemical signatures of potassium metasomatism in anthracite from the Himalayan fold‑thrust belts of Sikkim,India

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2022年第2期9卷 48-69页

作者： Santanu Ghosh Anwita Ojha Atul kumar Varma Coal Geology and Organic Petrology Laboratory Department of Applied GeologyIndian Institute of Technology(Indian School of Mines)DhanbadJharkhand 826004India Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of Technology BombayPowaiMumbaiMaharashtra 400076India

The present study focuses on the inorganic geochemical features of the bituminous coal samples from the Raniganj and the Jharia Basins,as well as the anthracite samples from the Himalayan fold-thrust belts of Sikkim,*** SiO_(2)content(48.05 wt%to 65.09 wt%and 35.92 wt%to 50.11 wt%in the bituminous and anthracite samples,respectively)and the ratio of Al_(2)O_(3)/TiO_(2)(6.97 to 17.03 in the bituminous coal samples and 10.34 to 20.07 in the anthracite samples)reveal the intermediate igneous source rock composition of the *** ratio of the K_(2)O/Al_(2)O_(3)in the ash yield of the bituminous coal samples(0.03 to 0.09)may suggest the presence of kaolinite mixed with montmorillonite,while its range in the ash yield of the anthracite samples(0.16 to 0.27)may imply the presence of illite mixed with *** chemical index of alteration values may suggest the moderate to strong chemical weathering of the source rock under sub-humid to humid climatic *** plot of the bituminous coal samples in the A–CN–K diagram depicts the traditional weathering trend of parent rocks,but the anthracite samples plot near the illite feld and are a bit ofset from the weathering *** may imply the plausible infuences of the potassium-metasomatism at post coalifcation stages,which is further supported by high K_(2)O/Na_(2)O ratio(29.88–80.13).The Fourier transform infrared spectra further reveal the hydroxyl stretching intensity of illite in the anthracite samples substantiating the efect of the epigenetic *** decrease in total kaolinite intensity/compound intensity of quartz and feldspar may provide additional evidence towards this epigenetic event.

关键词： Himalayan fold-thrust belts Anthracite Potassium metasomatism Kaolinite to quartz-feldspar intensity ratio Montmorillonite stretching and bending intensities Illite-stretching frequency

2,4-D Hyper Accumulation Induced Cellular Responses of Azolla pinnata R. Br. to Sustain Herbicidal Stress

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第4期89卷 999-1017页

作者： Arnab kumar De Arijit Ghosh Debabrata Dolui Indraneel Saha Malay kumar Adak Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology Research Unit Department of BotanyUniversity of KalyaniWest BengalIndia

In the present experiment with ongoing concentration(0µM,100µM,250µM,500µM and 1000µM)of 2,4-D,the responses of Azolla pinnata *** evaluated based on cellular ***,plants were significantly tolerated up to 1000µM of 2,4-D with its *** was accompanied by a steady decline of indole acetic acid(IAA)concentration in tissues with 78.8%over the *** bound H^(+)-ATPase activity was over expressed within a range of 1.14 to 1.25 folds with activator(KCl)and decreased within a range of 57.3 to 74.6%in response to inhibitor(Vanadate)*** regards to IAA metabolism,plants recorded a linear increase with wall bound oxidase activity up to maximum concentration of 2,*** variations were more moderated when wall bound IAA-oxidase recorded a linear increase proportionate to the 2,4-D *** was more extended with the presence of different isoforms of IAA-oxidase which was much more pronounced with distinct polymorphisms of expressed proteins,however,not independent to the 2,4-D *** like spermine,spermidine and putrescine(spm,spd and put)were not consistent in concentration with the dosages of 2,*** these,plants were induced to apoplastic NAD(P)H oxidase activity maximally by 1.6 folds under 500µM 2,4-D over ***,putrescine responded more or less consistently and recorded maximally 11.9 folds at 500µM 2,4-D as compared to the ***(P)H oxidase activity recorded maximally 1.6 folds against control and remain consistent throughout the concentrations of 2,*** along with APX were more linear in responses through the concentration of 2,4-D except CAT as compared to *** enzymatic antioxidative activity,peroxidases(GPX and APX)were overexpresed in a similar manner except for catalase with a non-significant *** stabilization of cellular redox,glutathione reductase attended maximum value by 2.45 folds at 1000µM evidenced with significant variations in protein polymo

关键词： Azolla 2,4-D antioxidative enzymes comet assay HPLC

Multi-length scale modeling of carburization,martensitic microstructure evolution and fatigue properties of steel gears

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第14期47卷 157-165页

作者： Edward Charles Henry Crawford O’Brien Hemantha kumar Yeddu School of Engineering Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneNE17RUUnited Kingdom

Multi-length scale modeling is performed to(i)predict the carburized case depth of SAE8620 steel gears by solving the Fick’s second law of diffusion,(ii)model the martensitic microstructure evolution in a grain inside the carburized case as well as to study the effect of stress cycling on retained austenite(RA)and martensite using a 3D phase-field model,(iii)simulate the effect of carburization and different RA contents on macroscale fatigue behavior of SAE8620 steel spur gear using the finite element *** diffusion model predicts that the case depth increases with increasing heat treatment time and *** phase-field simulations show that RA can transform to martensite during fatigue loading,where the extent of the transformation will depend on the type of stresses applied,*** in a high stress regime or low stress regime of fatigue *** transformation of martensite to austenite is also observed in low RA sample under high stress *** macroscale simulations show that the carburized case with high RA gives rise to better fatigue life compared to that with low RA.

关键词： Phase-field model Martensitic transformation Microstructure Gear steel Carburization

Organo-Petrographic and Pore Facets of Permian Shale Beds of Jharia Basin with Implications to Shale Gas Reservoir

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Journal of Earth Science 2017年第5期28卷 897-916页

作者： Vinod Atmaram Mendhe Subhashree Mishra Ranjit G.Khangar Alka Damodhar Kamble Durgesh kumar Atul kumar Varma H.Singh Sujeet kumar Mollika Bannerjee CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research GSI-Geological Survey of India Central Region iiT (ISM)-Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) iiT (ISM)-Department of Applied Geology Indian Institute of Technology (ISM)

The shale deposits of Damodar Valley have received great attention since preliminary studies indicate their potential for shale gas. However, fundamental information allied to shale gas re- servoir characteristics are still rare in India, as exploration is in the primary stage. In this study, Ba- rakar shale beds of eastern part of Jharia Basin are evaluated for gas reservoir characteristics. It is evident that Barakar shales are carbonaceous, silty, contains sub-angular flecks of quartz and mica, irregular hair-line fractures and showing lithological variations along the bedding planes, signifying terrestrial-fluviatile deposits under reducing environment. The values of TOC varies from 1.21 wt.% to 17.32 wt.%, indicating good source rock potentiality. The vitrinite, liptinite, inertinite and mineral matter ranging from 0.28 vol.% to 12.98 vol.%, 0.17 vol.% to 3.23 vol.%, 0.23 vol.% to 9.05 vol.%, and 74.74 vol.% to 99.10 vol.%, respectively. The ternary facies plot of maceral composition substan- tiated that Barakar shales are vitrinite rich and placed in the thermal-dry gas prone region. The low values of the surface area determined following different methods point towards low methane storage capacity, this is because of diagenesis and alterations of potash feldspar responsible for pore blocking effect. The pore size distribution signifying the micro to mesoporous nature, while Type ii sorption curve with the H2 type of hysteresis pattern, specifies the heterogeneity in pore structure mainly combined-slit and bottle neck pores.

关键词： shale gas petrographic composition surface area pore disposition pore volume.

Geochemistry and geochronology of A-type basement granitoids in the north-central Aravalli Craton: Implications on Paleoproterozoic geodynamics of NW Indian Block

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第4期12卷 138-150页

作者： Manoj K.Pandit Hitesh kumar WeiWang Department of Geology University of RajasthanJaipur 302004India Department of Mines and Geology Government of RajasthanJaipurRajasthanIndia State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources School of Earth Sciences and ResourcesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

The basement granite gneisses from the north-central Aravalli Craton in NW India were investigated for geochemistry and *** a peneplain terrain,the granite gneiss outcrops are scanty and samples were collected mainly from two small hills and several ground-level exposures in the Sakhun–Ladera *** granite gneiss is the dominant lithology that also hosts dark,lenticular enclaves,and is in turn,intruded by mafic *** granite gneiss has silica content ranging from 61.37 wt.%to 68.27 wt.%that marks a slight overlap with the enclaves(54.32wt.%to 62.17wt.%).Both groups have a highK2O/Na2O(~2 or higher)***,the granite gneiss classify as granite–granodiorite,and enclaves as *** In-situ LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb geochronology of granite gneiss has yielded a statistically valid 1721±9 Ma age that we interpret as the emplacement age for the granitic *** characteristics of granite gneiss underline fractional crystallization of an I-type melt as themain process,and continuity of trends in enclaves underlines their mutual genetic *** genetic association is further verified by a consistency in the trace element characteristics and REE *** Nd-isotope signatures define a single grouping for both granite gneiss and enclaves,withεNd(t)values ranging from−6.38 to−6.61,further substantiating a common *** geochemical tectonic discrimination schemes consistently point toward an extensional setting and A-type characteristics for granite gneiss and *** are analogous to the coeval(1.72–1.75 Ga),A-type granitoids from the Khetri and Alwar basin in the North Delhi Fold Belt,implying a much larger areal extent for the Paleoproterozoic anorogenic magmatism in the northern segment of the Aravalli *** Paleoproterozoic age for the presumed‘Archean’basement in this region offers tacit evidence that the BGC–ii is a stratigraphically younger terrane as compared to the Archean age,

关键词： Basement granite Geochemistry Zircon U–Pb geochronology A-type granites Aravalli Craton NWIndian Block

Quantitative analysis of the interaction of heterologous viruses with Plum pox virus in C5 HoneySweet transgenic plums

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第10期18卷 2302-2310页

作者： Khushwant Singh Tereza Neubauerová Jiban kumar Kundu Plant Virus and Vector Interactions Group Division of Crop Protection and Plant Health Crop Research Institute

Stone fruits are an important crop in most parts of the world and are heavily challenged by several viruses including Plum pox virus (PPV), Prune dwarf virus (PDV), Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV), and Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV). We validated the PPV resistance in C5 plum plants (commercially known as HoneySweet) grown in the Czech Republic for more than 16 years in a field trial experiment under natural environmental conditions. We quantified single (PPV-Rec) and mixed viruses (PPV-Rec+ACLSV, PPV-Rec+PDV and PPV-Rec+ACLSV+PDV) in C5 transgenic plums inoculated for the period 2016 to 2018. The accumulation of PPV-Rec was high (~5.43E+05 copies) compared with that of ACLSV (~8.70E+04 copies) in the inoculated graft of C5 transgenic plants. Leaves close to the inoculum sources showed a differential level of virus titre in single and mixed infections (~10 to ~5×10^2 copies). C5 plants with permanent virus pressure showed 103- to 105-fold fewer copies of viruses than those of the inoculated graft. We observed high accumulation of conserved miRNAs such as miR167, miR69 and miR396 in C5 plants co-infected with PPV, ACLSV and PDV that are associated with its resistance against viruses. Overall, i) C5 transgenic plums showed high resistance to PPV infection, and a low level (~32 copies) of PPV only accumulated in some grafted plants, ii) high accumulation of PPV was found in inoculated grafts in single PPV infection and mixed infections, iii) heterologous virus infection sustained by ACLSV or PDV did not suppress PPV resistance, and iv) high and low conserved microRNAs accumulated in C5 plants.

关键词： PPV PDV ACLSV C5 HoneySweet resistance

Effect of Low Level Subchronic Microwave Radiation on Rat Brain

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2016年第12期29卷 858-867页

作者： Pravin Suryakantrao Deshmukh Kanu Megha Namita Nasare Basu Dev Banerjee Rafat Sultana Ahmed Mahesh Pandurang Abegaonkar ashok kumar Tripathi Pramod kumari Mediratta Environmental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory Department of Biochemistry.University College of Medical Sciences & G.T.B.Hospital(University of Delhi) Department of Pharmacology University College of Medical Sciences & G.T.B.Hospital(University of Delhi) Centre for Applied Research in Electronics(CARE) Indian Institute of Technology

Objective The present study was designed to investigate the effects of subchronic low level microwave radiation （MWR） on cognitive function, heat shock protein 70 （HSP70） level and DNA damage in brain of Fischer rats. Methods Experiments were performed on male Fischer rats exposed to microwave radiation for 90 days at three different frequencies： 900, 2800, and 2450 MHz. Animals were divided into 4 groups： Group I： Sham exposed, Group I1： animals exposed to microwave radiation at 900 MHz and specific absorption rate （SAR） 5.953 x 10-4 W/kg, Group ii1： animals exposed to 1800 MHz at SAR 5.835 x 20-4 W/kg and Group IV： animals exposed to 2450 MHz at SAR 6.672 x 10-4 W/kg. All the animals were tested for cognitive function using elevated plus maze and Morris water maze at the end of the exposure period and subsequently sacrificed to collect brain tissues. HSP70 levels were estimated by ELISA and DNA damage was assessed using alkaline comet assay. Results Microwave exposure at 900-2450 MHz with SAR values as mentioned above lead to decline in cognitive function, increase in HSP70 level and DNA damage in brain. Conclusion The results of the present study suggest that low level microwave exposure at frequencies 900, 2800, and 2450 MHz may lead to hazardous effects on brain.

关键词： Brain Cognitive function Comet assay DNA damage HSP70 Microwave radiation