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Ad Block.rs & Online Privacy: A Comparative Analysis of Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET)

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第5期17卷 378-395页

作者： Siddharth M. Madik.ri Vijay k. Madisetti School of Cybersecurity and Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA

Online track.ng mechanisms employed by internet companies for user profiling and targeted advertising raise major privacy concerns. Despite efforts to defend against these mechanisms, they continue to evolve, rendering many existing defences ineffective. This study performs a large-scale measurement of online track.ng mechanisms across a large pool of websites using the OpenWPM (Open Web Privacy Measurement) platform. It systematically evaluates the effectiveness of several ad block.rs and underlying Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PET) that are primarily used to mitigate different track.ng techniques. By quantifying the strengths and limitations of these tools against modern track.ng methods, the findings highlight gaps in existing privacy protections. Actionable recommendations are provided to enhance user privacy defences, guide tool developers and inform policymak.rs on addressing invasive online track.ng practices.

关键词： Privacy Enhancing Technology (PET) Personally Identifiable Information (PII) OpenWPM Web Privacy

Security Vulnerability Analyses of Large Language Models (LLMs) through Extension of the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) Framework

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第5期17卷 340-358页

作者： Alicia Biju Vishnupriya Ramesh Vijay k. Madisetti School of Cybersecurity and Privacy College of Computing Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) task., becoming an integral part of various applications in society, including text generation, translation, summarization, and more. However, their widespread usage emphasizes the critical need to enhance their security posture to ensure the integrity and reliability of their outputs and minimize harmful effects. Prompt injections and training data poisoning attack. are two of the most prominent vulnerabilities in LLMs, which could potentially lead to unpredictable and undesirable behaviors, such as biased outputs, misinformation propagation, and even malicious content generation. The Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) framework.provides a standardized approach to capturing the principal characteristics of vulnerabilities, facilitating a deeper understanding of their severity within the security and AI communities. By extending the current CVSS framework. we generate scores for these vulnerabilities such that organizations can prioritize mitigation efforts, allocate resources effectively, and implement targeted security measures to defend against potential risk..

关键词： Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) Large Language Models (LLMs) DALL-E Prompt Injections Training Data Poisoning CVSS Metrics

Grid System Analysis of Urban Flora of Buk.ara City (Uzbek.stan)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第2期15卷 139-144页

作者： Abdulla M. Umedov Husniddin k. Esanov Department of Botany and Plant Physiology Bukhara State University Bukhara Uzbekistan

This article presents information on the study of the flora of Uzbek.stan based on grid system mapping. The urban flora of the city of Buk.ara was researched in it. As a result of research, the territory of Buk.ara city was divided into 85 indexes based on 1 × 1 k.2 grid mapping system. The diversity and density of species in the indexes are determined. The influence of anthropogenic factors on the diversity of species in the indexes is determined.

关键词： Buk.ara City Urban Flora Index Grid Map System Herbarium Geoinformation

Observer Based Control for a Class of Systems with Output Deadzone Nonlinearity

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Intelligent Control and Automation 2024年第3期15卷 95-107页

作者： Nizar J. Alk.ateeb Hameed k. Ebraheem Department of Electronic Engineering Technology College of Technological Studies Public Authority of Applied Education and Training (PAAET) Kuwait City Kuwait

In this paper, a combination of model based adaptive design along with adaptive linear output feedback.controller is used to compensate for robotic manipulator with output deadzone nonlinearity. The deadzone dynamics are utilized to adaptively estimate the deadzone parameter and a switching function is designed to eliminate the error produced in the adaptive observer dynamics. The overall design of the closed loop system ensures stability in the BIBO criterion.

关键词： Adaptive Output Observer Deadzone Compensation Robot Manipulator Sliding Mode Control

Standardization of harvesting age of bamboo shoots with respect to nutritional and anti-nutritional components

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第1期24卷 83-90页

作者： ashok k. Pandey Vijayalak.hmi Ojha Tropical Forest Research Institute Indian Council of Forestry Research and EducationP.O. RFRCMandla RoadJabalpur- 482 021India.

Bamboo shoots can be harvested at different ages but the data on the changes in nutritional composition with age are scanty. We standardized harvesting age of bamboo shoots in central India to obtain best quality produce with respect to nutritional composition. The shoots harvested on different days （2–20 days after emergence from ground） were analyzed for their nutritional （dietary fibres, carbohydrates, proteins, total phenols, ascorbic acid, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and phenolic acids） and anti nutritional （cyanogen） constituents. A significant variation （at p ≤ 0.5） was observed in the nutritional composition of shoots of Dendrocalamus asper, D. strictus and Bambusa tulda harvested at different days. An overall decrease was observed in proteins and total phenols while dietary fibres and carbohydrates increased with ages. Significant variation （at p ≤ 0.5） was also observed in phenolic acids while minerals did not vary significantly. Results revealed that the optimum harvesting age for D. asper, D. strictus and B. tulda was on 10–14 days, 6–10 days and 10–16 days （after emergence from the ground） respectively. These results can be used to obtain quality bamboo shoots.

关键词： Bamboo shoots harvesting nutritional status central India phenolic acids anti-nutrient

From spatio-temporal landslide susceptibility to landslide risk.forecast

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第2期15卷 220-235页

作者： Tengfei Wang ashok Dahal Zhice Fang Cees van Westen k.nlong Yin Luigi Lombardo Faculty of Engineering China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Faculty of Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation(ITC) University of TwenteEnschedeAE 7500Netherlands Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

The literature on landslide susceptibility is rich with examples that span a wide range of ***,the component that pertains to the extension of the susceptibility framework.toward space–time modeling is largely *** statement holds true,particularly in the context of landslide risk.where few scientific contributions investigate risk.dynamics in space and *** manuscript proposes a modeling protocol where a dynamic landslide susceptibility is obtained via a binomial Generalized Additive Model whose inventories span nine years(from 2013 to 2021).For the analyses,the data cube is organized with a mapping unit consisting of 26,333 slope units repeated over an annual temporal unit,resulting in a total of 236,997 *** phase already includes several interesting modeling experiments that have rarely appeared in the landslide literature(e.g.,variable interaction plots).However,the main innovative effort is in the subsequent phase of the protocol we propose,as we used climate projections of the main trigger(rainfall)to obtain future estimates of yearly susceptibility *** estimates are then combined with projections of urban settlements and associated populations to create a dynamic risk.model,assuming vulnerability=***,this manuscript presents a unique example of such a modeling routine and offers a potential standard for administrations to mak. informed decisions regarding future urban development.

关键词： Space-time statistics Dynamic landslide susceptibility Landslide risk Future projections

Prediction of the position of coal particles in an air dense medium fluidized bed system

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第3期25卷 421-427页

作者： Prusti Pallishree Sahu ashok k. Biswal Surendra k. Council of Scientific & Industrial Research-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology

An air dense medium fluidized bed separator(ADMFBS) is used for dry beneficiation of coal using ultrafine magnetite particles as a pseudo-fluid medium. In this process, the coal particle gains additional weight due to coating on its surface and deposition at dead zone area by fine magnetite ***, the effective density of coal particle increases and the position of coal particle changes accordingly. In this work. an attempt was made to predict the position of coal particle in non-bubbling condition dense medium fluidized bed system. Coal particles of different shape such as cubical, rectangular prism,spherical and triangular prism with different projected area and density were used. The results show that the position of coal particle in air dense medium fluidized bed follows descending order with respect to the increase of density, projected area of coal particle and different shapes(i.e., triangular prism, cubical,rectangular prism and spherical). Empirical mathematical correlations were developed to predict the position of coal particle.

关键词： Coal beneficiation Pseudo-fluid medium Dead zone area Effective density

Parental k.owledge of Pre-Hospital Management of Avulsed Permanent Tooth in Children at k.th

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2024年第2期14卷 87-102页

作者： Ama Agyeibea Amuasi Samuel k. Addo Solomon Obiri-Yeboah Department of Child Oral Health & Orthodontics School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Sciences School of Medicine and Dentistry College of Health Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana

BACk.ROUND: Permanent tooth avulsion is one of the severe forms of dental traumatic injuries. The immediate action tak.n at the site of the accident is crucial to the prognosis of the tooth. Replantation is considered as the treatment of choice. OBJECTIVE: The study was undertak.n to assess the k.owledge of parents who accompany their children to the pediatric dental clinic, k.TH on the pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth in children. METHODS: A researcher administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the k.owledge of pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth from 83 parents who accompanied their wards to the pediatric dental clinic at k.TH. RESULTS: A total of 83 parents were involved in the study. 30 (36%) were males while 53 (64%) were females. The majority of the parents (57%) were either university trained or had attended college of education. Only 32 parents (39%) were aware of the possibility of replantation. Majority of the parents chose non-physiologic media as the transport media of choice and only 10% would attempt self-replantation before seek.ng professional help. 76 parents (92%) had no previous education on pre-hospital management of avulsed tooth. CONCLUSION: The results obtained from this study indicate that parental k.owledge on pre-hospital management of avulsed permanent tooth is low hence the need for massive public educational campaigns.

关键词： Parental k.owledge Tooth Avulsion Pre-Hospital Management Permanent Tooth

GUARDIAN: A Multi-Tiered Defense Architecture for Thwarting Prompt Injection Attack. on LLMs

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Journal of Software Engineering and Applications 2024年第1期17卷 43-68页

作者： Parijat Rai Saumil Sood Vijay k. Madisetti Arshdeep Bahga School of Computer Science Engineering & Technology Bennett University Greater Noida India School of Cybersecurity and Privacy Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta USA Cloudemy Technology Labs Chandigarh India

This paper introduces a novel multi-tiered defense architecture to protect language models from adversarial prompt attack.. We construct adversarial prompts using strategies lik. role emulation and manipulative assistance to simulate real threats. We introduce a comprehensive, multi-tiered defense framework.named GUARDIAN (Guardrails for Upholding Ethics in Language Models) comprising a system prompt filter, pre-processing filter leveraging a toxic classifier and ethical prompt generator, and pre-display filter using the model itself for output screening. Extensive testing on Meta’s Llama-2 model demonstrates the capability to block.100% of attack.prompts. The approach also auto-suggests safer prompt alternatives, thereby bolstering language model security. Quantitatively evaluated defense layers and an ethical substitution mechanism represent k.y innovations to counter sophisticated attack.. The integrated methodology not only fortifies smaller LLMs against emerging cyber threats but also guides the broader application of LLMs in a secure and ethical manner.

关键词： Large Language Models (LLMs) Adversarial Attack Prompt Injection Filter Defense Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning Cybersecurity