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Phylogenetic Relationships among Chinese Rice Frogs within the Fejervarya limnocharis Species Complex (Amphibia: Dicroglossidae)

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Asian Herpetological Research 2022年第4期13卷 232-241页

作者： Kun YANG Yubin WO Gang SHAO Pinghu LIAO Haojie TONG Richard P.brown Yuanting JIN College of Life Sciences China Jiliang UniversityHangzhou 310018ZhejiangChina Ningbo Beilun District Center for Disease Control and Prevention Ningbo 315000ZhejiangChina

We present a molecular assessment of the widely-distributed ricefrog(Fejervarya limnocharis)which provides many newsamples that add to knowledge of their phylogeography within China and considersgenetic support forfive Chinese species withinthis *** from 270 individuals and eight nuclearDNAloci(105 individuals)were sequenced from specimens sampled from across *** from nine specimens from China,Indonesia and Japan were also retrieved from previous *** informativeabout population divergence within China and indicated one major clade(with four subclades)from South China and the Zhoushan Archipelago,Zhejiang,China,and a second major clade(with eight subclades)from other parts of *** demographic expansions(less than 50ka ago)were detected within three of these 12 subclades,potentially associa ted with lowered sea-levels after marine *** bly,most frogs from the previously unstudied Zhoushan Archipelago(eastern China)were found to be closely related to Japanese *** STACEY species delimitation analyses of the multilocus data favoured five candidate species within the *** work had described Fejervaryamultistriata and *** from the Chinese mainland although here we detected considerable genetic divergence within the latter and found that this may be indicative of two *** of these corresponds to the Zhoushan Archipelago,Zhejiang,China and Japan,and the other from most parts of Chinese *** study provides a large multilocus dataset that contributes to the systematics of this species complex.

关键词： amphibian Asia genetic structure phylogeography population expansion Zhoushan Archipelago

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Irrigation ponds:Possibility and potentials for the treatment of drainage water from paddy fields in Zhanghe Irrigation System

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2009年第11期52卷 3320-3327页

作者： brown Larry Ohio State University 590 Woody Hayes Drive Columbus OH 43210-1057 USA

Excessive application of fertilizers and pesticides as well as discharge of undecontaminated and unrecycled waste of livestock and poultry into farmland has caused serious non-point source pollution (NSP) of farmland in China. With the traditional mode of irrigation and drainage in rice-based irrigation systems, the pollution of farmland drainage water has become more and more serious. Traditional irrigation and drainage systems only focus on issues concerning water quantity, i.e. the capacity of irrigation in drought and drainage in waterlogging period, yet have no requirement on water quality improvement. how to clean the water quality of farmland drainage through remodeling the existing irrigation and drainage systems has a very important realistic meaning. Pond is an important irrigation facility in rice-based irrigation systems in southern China, which has the functions of not only a storage of water from canals but also collections of surface runoffs and farmland drainage for recycling use. Such water storage features of pond provide the possibility and potential capacity for drainage water treatment by managing such features as treatment basins as the growth of aquatic plants as well as living of fishes, batrachia and microorganisms in pond forms a soil-plant-microorganism ecological system. To explore the potential capacity of pond for drainage water nutrient reduction, the Zhanghe Irrigation System of Hubei, a typical "melon-on-the-vine" system in southern China is selected as the research site. The results of pond survey and field experiments demonstrate that plenty of ponds are suitable for collecting and cleaning paddy field drainage, and the ponds are favorable in reducing N, P nutrients in the drainage water. Other issues, e.g. how to maximize such capacity and what strategies should be sought to make existing treatment basins hydraulically more efficient, are also discussed.

关键词： agricultural non-point source pollution irrigation and drainage system treatment basin pond management water quality

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Functional correlates of skull shape in Chiroptera:feeding and echolocation adaptations

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第3期17卷 430-442页

作者： Giada GIACOMINI Anthony HERREL Gloriana CHAVERRI Richard P.brown Danilo RUSSO Dino SCARAVELLI Carlo MELORO Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology School of Biological and Environmental SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityUK Département d’Ecologie et de Gestion de Paris C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N.ParisFrance Recinto de Golfito Universidad de Costa RicaGolfitoCosta Rica Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute BalboaAncónRepública de Panamá Wildlife Research Unit Dipartimento di AgrariaUniversitàdegli Studi di Napoli Federico IIPorticiItaly School of Biological Sciences Life Sciences BuildingUniversity of BristolBristolUK Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences University of BolognaOzzano dell’EmiliaItaly

Morphological,functional,and behavioral adaptations of bats are among the most diverse within mammals.A strong association between bat skull morphology and feeding behavior has been suggested ***,morphological variation related to other drivers of adaptation,in particular echolocation,remains *** assessed variation in skull morphology with respect to ecology(diet and emission type)and function(bite force,masticatory muscles and echolocation characteristics)using geometric morphometrics and comparative *** study suggests that variation in skull shape of 10 bat families is the result of adaptations to broad dietary categories and sound emission types(oral or nasal).Skull shape correlates with echolocation parameters only in a subsample of insectivorous species,possibly because they(almost)entirely rely on this sensory system for locating and capturing *** emitting low frequencies are characterized by a ventrally tilted rostrum,a trait not associated with feeding *** result questions the validity of a trade-off between feeding and echolocation *** study advances understanding of the relationship between skull morphology and specific features of echolocation and suggests that evolutionary constraints due to echolocation may differ between different groups within the Chiroptera.

关键词： diet echolocation functional morphology geometric morphometrics macroevolution

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The contribution of metamorphic petrology to understanding lithosphere evolution and geodynamics

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Geoscience Frontiers 2014年第4期5卷 553-569页

作者： Michael brown Laboratory for Crustal Petrology Department of GeologyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA

In the early 1980s, evidence that crustal rocks had reached temperatures 〉1000 ℃ at normal lower crustal pressures while others had followed low thermal gradients to record pressures characteristic of mantle conditions began to appear in the literature, and the importance of melting in the tectonic evolution of orogens and metamorphic-metasomatic reworking of the lithospheric mantle was realized. In parallel, new developments in instrumentation, the expansion of in situ analysis of geological ma- terials and increases in computing power opened up new fields of investigation. The robust quantifi- cation of pressure （P）, temperature （T） and time （t） that followed these advances has provided reliable data to benchmark geodynamic models and to investigate secular change in the thermal state of the lithosphere as registered by metamorphism through time. As a result, the last 30 years have seen sig- nificant progress in our understanding of lithospheric evolution, particularly as it relates to Precambrian geodynamics.

关键词： Cryogenian-CambrianNeoarchean-PaleoproterozoicPlate tectonicsRayleigh-Taylor instabilitiesStagnant lidSubduction

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The structure of colloidal polyethylenimine-silica nanocomposite microparticles

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Particuology 2023年第5期76卷 86-100页

作者： Alexandra Semenova Luke W.Giles Mark Louis P.Vidallon Bart Follink Paul L.brown Rico F.Tabor School of Chemistry Monash University19 Rainforest Walk.Clayton3800Australia Rio Tinto Bundoora Technical Development Centre1 Research AvenueBundoora3083Australia

Deposition of silica from an organosilane tetraethoxysilane(TEOS)onto parent polyethylenimine(PEI)microgel particles produces a novel PEI-silica nanocomposite,which possesses greater adsorption ca-pacity for copper ions than either parent *** study explores factors governing interactions of silica with the PEI matrix,along with structural features of resulting PEI-silica composite particles,to explain their properties and determine their application *** influence of initial TEOS/PEI mass ratio and the duration of silica deposition on the final silica content and distribution in the composite are studied.A comparative analysis of the structural architecture of chemically etched silica remnants,original PEI-silica composite particles and the parent PEI-microgel is carried out using X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy,small-angle X-ray scattering,and electron microscopy *** is found that silica sol nanoparticles are evenly distributed throughout the PEI-microgel framework and interlinked with it via electrostatic interactions,enabling a structural model of the PEI-silica nanocomposite to be *** chemical stability of resulting nanocomposite particles in parallel with the parent PEI-microgel is tested and shown to be robust for more than 100 days of storage in aqueous dispersions across a range of pH conditions,highlighting the application potential for these particles in copper capture.

关键词： Polyethylenimine Silica Organic-inorganic composite Nano-scale morphology Small angle X-ray scattering

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Development process for a higher capacity Propsetter~ system

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第1期28卷 121-126页

作者： Christopher J.brown Product Development-Strata Worldwide LLC

As longwall tailgate support technologies continue to be developed and improved, strata worldwide has worked to design and manufacture a revised Propsetter to provide additional support capacity and enable applications at greater mine *** support is targeted for tailgate applications, however, it can also be utilized for roof support in various types of mining *** paper describes the design changes for enhancing the support capacity of the Propsetter to more closely align its performance with other support technologies currently being employed in longwall *** changes to each design aspect of the Propsetter was key to successfully improving the roof support's load capacity while maintaining controlled *** the load capacity would allow a mine to improve support efficiency with a smaller, less intrusive support compared to support alternatives and reduce the cost per foot of supported *** target support capacity was 711–890 k N at 50 mm of deformation to more closely match the performance of competing tailgate supports such as the 610 mm-diameter CAN~.To achieve this goal, changes were made to all design aspects of the Propsetter: diameter, wedge cut depth and angle, pod size, and confinement *** results from the NIOSH Mine Roof Simulator verified that these design changes were successful in increasing the capacity of the Propsetter to the 711–890 k N range at fifty mms of deformation.

关键词： Propsetter Can Longwall mining Tailgate roof support Controlled deformation

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REMEMBER THE PAST, PLAN FOR THE FUTURE

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Beijing Review 2022年第19期65卷 16-17页

作者： Kerry brown Lau China Institute at King’s College London

In 1816, Lord Amherst led the second significant embassy to the Qing Dynasty(1644-1911). One of its best accounts came from George Staunton, who had, as a young boy, taken part in the first, and better known, visit to... 详细信息

关键词： young visit Dynasty

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Opioid prescribing patterns within otolaryngology

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2019年第2期5卷 112-116页

作者： Alexander W.Murphey Suqrat Munawar Shaun A.Nguyen Ted A.Meyer ashli K.O'Rourke Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina135 Rutledge AvenueMSC 550CharlestonSC29425USA

Objective:Determine current opioid prescribing patterns for adult procedures within an academic Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery training program in order to establish a general guideline and more uniform approach to narcotic prescribing ***:The is a prospective,single-center pilot *** online,anonymous survey was sent to all members of the Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery training program at Medical University of South Carolina including residents,fellows,and attending surgeons,and advanced practice providers (APP).The survey consisted of questions including demographics,most commonly prescribed analgesic and the average number of opioid tablets prescribed postoperatively for eleven of the most common adult procedures within ***:Forty-two participants responded to the *** the 42 respondents,20 were attending surgeons,11 junior level residents (year 1-3),6 senior level residents (year 4-5),and 5 *** most commonly prescribed narcotic was hydrocodone-acetaminophen with 83.3% (35/42) of respondents prescribing this *** or uvulopalatopharyngoplasty had the highest average number of tablets prescribed at 32.3 (Range:5 to 90).Neck dissection,parotidectomy,and thyroidectomy procedures all averaged over 20 *** laryngoscopy opioid dose was the lowest at 4.8 tablets (range 0-20).Opioid prescriptions by surgery were broken down by provider class with only septoplasty showing a significant difference with attending physicians prescribing an average of 20 tablets vs 14.1 tablets for residents (P =0.034).Conclusion:We believe there remains an unacceptably high variability in current opioid prescribing patterns within otolaryngology especially within more painful *** of standardized post-operative narcotic guidelines is warranted.

关键词： Opioids Narcotics Otolaryngology

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Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ and China

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Beijing Review 2022年第43期65卷 24-25页

作者： Kerry brown the Lau China Institute at King’s College London

The passing of Queen Elizabeth II on September 8,after a reign of over 70 years,brought to the end an extraordinary life,and an era in British and European *** Elizabeth II came to the throne on the death of her father King George VI in February 1952 when Winston Churchill was prime *** died only days after appointing the 15 th incumbent to this position,Liz *** was born in 1874,and Truss in *** is a gap in the birth years between the first and last prime ministers who served the Queen of 101 *** is one of many utterly extraordinary statistics about her reign.

关键词： Queen Elizabeth minister

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Acute oral toxicity of zinc phosphide:an assessment for wild house mice(Mus musculus)

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Integrative Zoology 2023年第1期18卷 63-75页

作者： Lyn A.HINDS Steve HENRY Nikki VAN DE WEYER Freya ROBINSON Wendy A.RUSCOE Peter R.brown CSIRO Health&Biosecurity Clunies Ross StreetCanberraACTAustralia

Irregular plagues of house mice,Mus musculus,incur major economic impacts on agricultural production in *** efﬁcacy of zinc phosphide(ZnP),the only registered broadacre control agent for mice,is reported as increasingly *** mice become less sensitive over time or are they taking a sub-lethal dose and develop-ing aversion?In this laboratory study,the sensitivity of mice(wild caught;outbred laboratory strain)was assessed using oral gavage of a range of ZnP *** estimated LD50 values(72–79 mg ZnP/kg body weight)were similar for each mouse group but are signiﬁcantly higher than previously *** willingness of mice to consume ZnP-coated grains was ***-coated grains(50 g ZnP/kg grain)presented in the absence of alternative food were consumed and 94%of wild mice *** provided with alternative food and ZnP-coated wheat grains(either 25 or 50 g ZnP/kg grain)consumed toxic and non-toxic grains,and mortality was lower(33–55%).If a sublethal amount of ZnP-coated grain was consumed,aversion occurred,mostly when alternative food was *** sensitivity of wild house mice to ZnP in Australia is signiﬁcantly lower than previously *** laboratory conditions,ZnP-coated grains coated with a new higher dose(50 g ZnP/kg grain)were readily *** of toxic grain occurred when alternative food was available but was *** unambiguousﬁndings for house mice indicate a re-assessment of the ZnP loading for baits used for control of many rodents around the world may be warranted.

关键词： acute rodenticide aversion efﬁcacy LD50

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