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Lymphocyte phenotypes in wild-caught rats suggest potential mechanisms underlying increased immune sensitivity in post-industrial environments

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2012年第2期9卷 163-174页

作者： ashley m trama Zoie E Holzknecht Anitra D Thomas Kuei-Ying Su Sean m Lee Emily E Foltz Sarah E Perkins Shu S Lin William Parker Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA Cardiff School of Biosciences Cardiff CFIO 3AX UK Department of Immunology Duke University Medical Center Durham NC 27710 USA

The immune systems of wild rats and of laboratory rats can been utilized as models of the human immune system in pre-industrial and post-industrial societies, respectively. In this study, lymphocyte phenotypes in wild rats were broadly characterized, and the results were compared to those obtained by us and by others using cells derived from various strains of laboratory rats. Although not expected, the production of regulatory T cells was not apparently different in wild rats compared to laboratory rats. On the other hand, differences in expression of markers involved in complement regulation, adhesion, signaling and maturation suggest increased complement regulation and decreased sensitivity in wild-caught rats compared to laboratory rats, and point toward complex differences between the maturation of T cells. The results potentially lend insight into the pathogenesis of post-industrial epidemics of allergy and autoimmune disease.

关键词： allergy autoimmunity biome hygiene immune regulation

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Energy Efficient Packet-Duration-Value Based mAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

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Wireless Sensor Network 2013年第10期5卷 194-202页

作者： Abayomi m. Ajofoyinbo Department of Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria

medium Access Control (mAC) protocol consists of sets of rules that determine which node is allowed to access the transmission medium. It provides mechanism for collision avoidance such that interfering sensor nodes do not transmit at the same time. In the literature, researchers have proposed different mAC protocols with features aimed at improving energy efficiency and thereby prolonging the life of sensor nodes. Sensor mAC, Time-out mAC (T-mAC), Dynamic Sensor mAC (DSmAC), WisemAC, Quorum-based mAC (Queen-mAC) and Traffic Adaptive medium Access Protocol (trama) are some examples of proposed mAC protocols. There is a duration field in each transmitted packet. The value of this field indicates how long it will take to complete the remaining packet transmission. In the current paper, a novel energy-efficient mAC protocol is proposed based on the use of duration value in transmitted packets to setup varying sleep/wake-up schedules for neighbouring nodes of the receiver. The effectiveness of this proposed Packet-Duration-Value-based mAC (PDV-mAC) protocol is tested via Simulation which is implemented in Visual C# and mATLAB. It is shown by the results obtained that the proposed mAC protocol can indeed be implemented in sensor nodes to improve energy efficiency in wireless sensor network.

关键词： Wireless Energy Efficient PDV-mAC Protocol Sensor Packet Duration Value

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molecular phylogeny, morphology, pigment chemistry and ecology in Hygrophoraceae (Agaricales)

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Fungal Diversity 2014年第1期64卷 1-99页

作者： D.Jean Lodge mahajabeen Padamsee P.Brandon matheny m.Catherine Aime Sharon A.Cantrell David Boertmann Alexander Kovalenko Alfredo Vizzini Bryn T.m.Dentinger Paul m.Kirk A.martyn Ainsworth Jean-marc moncalvo Rytas Vilgalys Ellen Larsson Robert Lücking Gareth W.Griffith matthew E.Smith Lorelei L.Norvell Dennis E.Desjardin Scott A.Redhead Clark L.Ovrebo Edgar B.Lickey Enrico Ercole Karen W.Hughes Régis Courtecuisse Anthony Young manfred Binder Andrew m.minnis Daniel L.Lindner Beatriz Ortiz-Santana John Haight Thomas Læssøe Timothy J.Baroni József Geml Tsutomu Hattori Center for Forest mycology Research Northern Research StationUSDA-Forest ServiceLuquilloPR 00773-1377USA Systematics Team Landcare Research231 Morrin RoadAuckland 1072New Zealand Ecology&Evolutionary Biology University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTN 37996-1610USA Department of Botany&Plant Pathology Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN 47907USA Science and Technology Universidad del TuraboGuraboPR 00778-3030USA Department of Bioscience Aarhus UniversityFrederiksborgvej 399DK-4000 RoskildeDenmark Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences 2 Prof.Popov Str.St.Petersburg 197376Russia Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi Universitàdi TorinoViale P.A.Mattioli 2510125 TorinoItaly mycology Royal Botanic GardensKewRichmondSurrey TW93DSUK Royal Ontario museum 100 Queen’s ParkTorontoONCanada Biology Department Duke UniversityDurhamNC 27708-0338USA Biological&Environmental Sciences University of GothenburgGöteborgSweden Science&Eduaction Integrative Research&Collections(Botany)The Field Museum of Natural History1400 Lake Shore Dr.ChicagoIL 60605-2496USA University of Wales AberystwythCeredigion SY233DDUK Department of Plant Pathology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611-0680USA Pacific Northwest mycology Service 6720 NW Skyline BvdPortlandOR 97229-1309USA Department of Biology San Francisco State University1600 Holloway Ave.San FranciscoCA 94132USA National mycological Herbarium(DAOm) Science and Technology BranchAgriculture&Agri-FoodsCanada960 Carling AvenueOttawaOntarioCanada ONT K1A 0C6 Department of Biology University of Central OklahomaEdmondOK 73034USA Department of Biology Bridgewater College402 E.College St.BridgewaterVA 22812USA Department of Botany Faculty of Pharmaceutical&Biological SciencesLilleFrance 100 Langton Road BlackbuttQld 4306Australia CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre Evolutionary PhytopathologyInst.of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts&Sciences(KNAW)Uppsalalaan 83584 CT UtrechtThe Netherlands

molecular phylogenies using 1–4 gene regions and information on ecology,morphology and pigment chemistry were used in a partial revision of the agaric family *** phylogenetically supported genera we recognize here in the Hygrophoraceae based on these and previous analyses are:Acantholichen,Ampulloclitocybe,Arrhenia,Cantharellula,Cantharocybe,Chromosera,Chrysomphalina,Cora,Corella,Cuphophyllus,Cyphellostereum,Dictyonema,Eonema,Gliophorus,Haasiella,Humidicutis,Hygroaster,Hygrocybe,Hygrophorus,Lichenomphalia,Neohygrocybe,Porpolomopsis and Pseudoarmillariella.A new genus that is sister to Chromosera is described as *** were made at the ranks of subfamily,tribe,genus,subgenus,section and *** present three new subfamilies,eight tribes(five new),eight subgenera(one new,one new combination and one ***.),26 sections(five new and three new combinations and two ***.)and 14 subsections(two new,two ***.).Species of Chromosera,Gliophorus,Humidicutis,and Neohygrocybe are often treated within the genus Hygrocybe;we therefore provide valid names in both classification *** used a minimalist approach in transferring genera and creating new names and ***,we retain in the Hygrophoraceae the basal cuphophylloid grade comprising the genera Cuphophyllus,Ampulloclitocybe andCantharocybe,despite weak phylogenetic *** include Aeruginospora and Semiomphalina in Hygrophoraceae based on morphology though molecular data are *** lower hygrophoroid clade is basal to Hygrophoraceae s.s.,comprising the genera Aphroditeola,macrotyphula,Phyllotopsis,Pleurocybella,Sarcomyxa,Tricholomopsis and Typhula.

关键词： Hygrophoraceae Fungi Revisionary systematics Nomenclatural revision Phylogenetics Pigment chemistry Lamellar trama construction Hymenial morphology Ecology

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