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Modelling the response of larch growth to age,density,and elevation and the implications for multifunctional management in northwest China

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林业研究:英文版 2023年第5期34卷 1423-1436页

作者： Ao Tian Yanhui Wang ashley a.webb Pengtao Yu Xiao Wang Zebin Liu Institute of Mountain Resource of Guizhou Province Guiyang 550001People’s Republic of China Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland AdministrationChinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091People’s Republic of China WaterNSW TamworthNSWAustralia

Plantations of Rupprecht's larch(Larix principis-rupprechtii)have been widely established in the drylands of northwest and north China under traditional fastgrowing plantation management strategies.These strategies and the long-term logging ban have led to over-populated stands with lower structural and functional stability,less economic benefit and higher water consumption.To guide the sustainable management of larch plantations,field surveys and historical data compilation were undertaken in the Liupan Mountains of northwest China.The main influencing factors(stand structure and site condition)and their effects on mean tree height,mean DBH and timber volumes were determined based on up-boundary line analysis.Tree growth models coupling the effects of tree age,stand density,and elevation were established.Both height and DBH markedly increased initially and then slowly with tree age,decreased with stand density,and showed unimodal change with elevation.The coupled growth models accounted for72-78%of the variations in tree height,DBH and timber growth.Recommendations for future plantation management are:(1)prolong the rotation to at least 60 years to produce large-diameter,high-quality timber and maintain greater carbon stocks;(2)zone the target functions of stands by elevation;and,(3)reduce stand density for balanced supply of multiple ecosystem services.The growth models developed can predict growth response of larch plantations to density alteration under given ages and elevations,and assist the transformation from traditional management for maximum timber production to site-specific and multifunctional management with longer rotations and moderate tree density.

关键词： Larch plantations Coupled growth model Influencing factors Age Density Elevation

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Olfactory immune response to SARS-CoV-2

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 134-143页

作者： Sebastian A.Wellford E.ashley Moseman Department of Integrative Immunobiology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA

Numerous pathogens can infect the olfactory tract,yet the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has strongly emphasized the importance of the olfactory mucosa as an immune barrier.Situated in the nasal passages,the olfactory mucosa is directly exposed to the environment to sense airborne odorants;however,this also means it can serve as a direct route of entry from the outside world into the brain.As a result,olfactotropic infections can have serious consequences,including dysfunction of the olfactory system,CNS invasion,dissemination to the lower respiratory tract,and transmission between individuals.Recent research has shown that a distinctive immune response is needed to protect this neuronal and mucosal tissue.A better understanding of innate,adaptive,and structural immune barriers in the olfactory mucosa is needed to develop effective therapeutics and vaccines against olfactotropic microbes such as SARS-CoV-2.Here,we summarize the ramifications of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the olfactory mucosa,review the subsequent immune response,and discuss important areas of future research for olfactory immunity to infectious disease.

关键词： Mucosal immunology Neuroimmunology Infectious Disease Sars-CoV-2

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Characteristics of canopy interception and its simulation with a revised Gash model for a larch plantation in the Liupan Mountains, China

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第1期29卷 187-198页

作者： Zebin Liu Yanhui Wang Ao Tian Yu Liu ashley a.webb Yarui Wang Haijun Zuo Pengtao Yu Wei Xiong Lihong Xu Institute of Forest Ecology Environment and ProtectionChinese Academy of Forestry Key Laboratory of Forestry Ecology and Environment of State Forestry Administration College of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University NSW Department of Primary Industries Tamworth Agricultural Institute

Canopy interception is a significant proportion of incident rainfall and evapotranspiration of forest ecosystems. Hence, identifying its magnitude is vital for studies of eco-hydrological processes and hydrological impact evaluation. In this study, throughfall, stemflow and interception were measured in a pure Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr.（larch） plantation in the Liupan Mountains of northwestern China during the growing season（May–October） of 2015, and simulated using a revised Gash model. During the study period, the total precipitation was 499.0 mm; corresponding total throughfall, stemflow and canopy interception were 410.3, 2.0 and 86.7 mm,accounting for 82.2, 0.4 and 17.4% of the total precipitation, respectively. With increasing rainfall, the canopy interception ratio of individual rainfall events decreased initially and then tended to stabilize. Within the study period, the simulated total canopy interception, throughfall and stemflow were 2.2 mm lower, 2.5 mm higher and 0.3 mm lower than their measured values, with a relative error of 2.5, 0.6 and 15.0%, respectively. As quantified by the model, canopy interception loss（79%） mainly consisted of interception caused by canopy adsorption, while the proportions of additional interception and trunk interception were small. The revised Gash model was highly sensitive to the parameter of canopy storage capacity,followed by the parameters of canopy density and mean rainfall intensity, but less sensitive to the parameters of mean evaporation rate, trunk storage capacity, and stemflow ratio. The revised Gash model satisfactorily simulated the total canopy interception of the larch plantation within the growing season but was less accurate for some individual rainfall events, indicating that some flaws exist in the model structure. Further measures to improve the model’s ability in simulating the interception of individual rainfall events were suggested.

关键词： Canopy interception Larch plantation Revised Gash model Stemflow Throughfall

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Simulation-based assessment for the emergency medicine milestones: a national survey of simulation experts and program directors

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第4期15卷 301-305页

作者： Afrah A Ali ashley Crimmins Hegang Chen Danya Khoujah Department of Emergency Medicine University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore 21201USA Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimore 21201USA Department of Emergency Medicine AdventHealth TampaTampa 33606USA

The focus of outcome-based education has shifted from the process of training to the end“product”of education.This has necessitated a reframing of the teaching,learning,and assessment.Therefore,in 2013,the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education(ACGME)implemented the educational milestones for all accredited residencies and fellowship programs.[1]The milestones have been described as“developmentally based,specialty-specific achievements that residents are expected to demonstrate at established intervals as they progress through training.”[1]Milestones are based on the six core competencies established by the ACGME and American Board of Medical Specialties(ABMS),which consist of medical knowledge(MK),patient care(PC),interpersonal and communication skills(ICS),practice-based learning and improvement(PBLI),professionalism(PROF),and systems-based practice(SBP).[2,3]ACGME,in conjunction with the American Board of Emergency Medicine(ABEM),drafted 23 detailed subcompetencies relevant to emergency medicine(EM).[4]

关键词： Miles milestone education

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Understanding the oxidation chemistry of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(MXene)sheets and their catalytic performances

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 437-445,I0010页

作者： Suvdanchimeg Sunderiya Selengesuren Suragtkhuu Solongo Purevdorj Tumentsereg Ochirkhuyag Munkhjargal Bat-Erdene Purevlkham Myagmarsereejid ashley DSlattery Abdulaziz SRBati Joseph GShapter Dorj Odkhuu Sarangerel Davaasambuu Munkhbayar Batmunkh Department of Chemistry Division of Natural SciencesSchool of Arts and SciencesNational University of MongoliaUlaanbaatar 14200Mongolia Queensland Micro-and Nanotechnology Centre School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityNathan campusBrisbaneQueensland 4111Australia Department of Physics Incheon National UniversityIncheon 22012Republic of Korea Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology The University of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia Adelaide Microscopy The University of AdelaideAdelaideSouth Australia 5005Australia Centre for Organic Photonics&Electronics School of Chemistry and Molecular BiosciencesThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaBrisbaneQueensland 4072Australia

Transition metal carbides and nitrides(MXenes)nanosheets are attractive two-dimensional(2D)materials,but they suffer from oxidation/degradation issues during storage and/or applications due to their sensitivity to water and oxygen.Despite the great research progress,the exact oxidation kinetics of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(MXene)and their final products after oxidation are not fully understood.Herein,we systematically tracked the oxidation process of few-layer Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) nanosheets in an aqueous solution at room temperature over several weeks.We also studied the oxidation effects on the electrocatalytic properties of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) for hydrogen evolution reaction and found that the overpotential to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2)increases from 0.435 to 0.877 V after three weeks of degradation,followed by improvement to stabilized values of around 0.40 V after eight weeks.These results suggest that severely oxidized MXene could be a promising candidate for designing efficient catalysts.According to our detailed experimental characterization and theoretical calculations,unlike previous studies,black titanium oxide is formed as the final product in addition to white Ti(IV)oxide and disordered carbons after the complete oxidation of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x).This work presents significant advancements in better understanding of 2D Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(MXene)oxidation and enhances the prospects of this material for various applications.

关键词： 2D materials MXene Chemical degradation Catalysis Hydrogen evolution reaction

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中国美食,海外崛起

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疯狂英语（新读写） 2024年第1期 14-16,74页

作者： ashley Strickland 不详

中国的许多美食在国外备受欢迎,这一现象不仅反映出了中国传统美食的独特风味,更反映出了中国文化的多样性和丰富性。

关键词：传统美食独特风味文化的多样性丰富性

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海藻泛滥为大西洋岸边的海藻寻求创新用途

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空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2024年第7期 28-29,46,47页

作者： ashley Miznazi 不详

海藻一旦堆积在南佛罗里达州的海滩上,就会带来各种各样的问题。它们散发臭味、破坏景观,而且运往垃圾掩埋场的费用又很高,但这在目前却是唯一可行的处理方案。也许有一天,一吨马尾藻可能会物有所值,即使不比黄金,也可能作为肥料。把海... 详细信息

海藻一旦堆积在南佛罗里达州的海滩上,就会带来各种各样的问题。它们散发臭味、破坏景观,而且运往垃圾掩埋场的费用又很高,但这在目前却是唯一可行的处理方案。也许有一天,一吨马尾藻可能会物有所值,即使不比黄金,也可能作为肥料。把海藻转变为植物饲料是迈阿密戴德县正在考虑的六项提议之一,也是该县努力找寻解决海藻激增现象新方法的一部分,科学家们预计气候变化只会导致这种现象持续恶化。

关键词：马尾藻海藻植物饲料物有所值气候变化佛罗里达州迈阿密大西洋

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猫头鹰迷在哪里

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小哥白尼（野生动物） 2024年第4期 4-7页

作者： ashley Cooper(图) 视觉中国

你喜欢猫头鹰吗?我猜多半是喜欢的,对吧?虽然你可能没有亲眼见过猫头鹰,但一说起猫头鹰,“夜猫子”“捕鼠能手”“不祥的鸟”“妇好鸮尊”等词汇,总有那么一两个在你脑中闪回。猫头鹰嘛,充满了传奇。

关键词：猫头鹰闪回词汇

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Intelligent design:stablecoins(in)stability and collateral during market turbulence

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Financial Innovation 2023年第1期9卷 2454-2476页

作者： Riccardo De Blasis Luca Galati Alexander webb Robert I.webb Department of Management Marche Polytechnic UniversityVia Lodovico Menicucci 660121 AnconaANItaly School of Business University of WollongongNorthfields Ave2522 WollongongNSWAustralia Derivatives Markets Research Centre Rozetta Institute55 Harrington St2000 SydneyNSWAustralia Department of Economics University of MoliseVia Francesco De Sanctis86100 CampobassoCBItaly McIntire School of Commerce University of Virginia140 Hospital Drive22903 CharlottesvilleVAUSA

How does stablecoin design affect market behavior during turbulent periods?Stable-coins attempt to maintain a“stable”peg to the US dollar,but do so with widely varying structural designs.The spectacular collapse of the TerraUSD(UST)stablecoin and the linked Terra(LUNA)token in May 2022 precipitated a series of reactions across major stablecoins,with some experiencing a fall in value and others gaining value.Using a Baba,Engle,Kraft and Kroner(1990)(BEKK)model,we examine the reaction to this exogenous shock and find significant contagion effects from the UST collapse,likely partially due to herding behavior among traders.We test the varying reactions among stablecoins and find that stablecoin design differences affect the direction,magnitude,and duration of the response to shocks.We discuss the implications for stablecoin developers,exchanges,traders,and regulators.

关键词： Stablecoins Herding Information cascades Volatility spillovers Market crashes Financial contagion

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Configuration-dependent stretchable all-solid-state supercapacitors and hybrid supercapacitors

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Carbon Energy 2023年第5期5卷 1-47页

作者： Ahmad Amiri ashley Bruno Andreas A.Polycarpou J.Mike Walker’66 Mechanical Engineering Department Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA

Given the rise in the popularity of wearable electronics that are able to deform into desirable configurations while maintaining electrochemical functionality,stretchable and flexible(hybrid)supercapacitors(SCs)have become increasingly of interest as innovative energy storage devices.Their outstanding power density,long lifetime with low capacitance loss,and appropriate energy density,in particular in hybrid cases make them ideal candidates for flexible electronics.The aim of this review paper is to provide an in-depth discussion of these stretchable and flexible SCs ranging from fabrication to electro-mechanical properties.This review paper begins with a short overview of the fundamentals of charge storage mechanisms and different types of multivalent metal-ion hybrid SCs.The research methods leading up to the current state of these stretchable and flexible SCs are then presented.This is followed by an in-depth presentation of the challenges associated with the fabrication methods for different configurations.Proposed novel strategies to maximize the elastic and electrochemical properties of stretchable/flexible or quasi-solid-state SCs are classified and the pros and cons associated with each are shown.The advances in mechanical properties and the expected advancements for the future of these SCs are discussed in the last section.

关键词： 1D fiber-like SCs 2D planar supercapacitors 3D sponge and textile structures flexible/stretchable supercapacitors kirigami/origami-inspired structures

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