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Mercury deposition in central China from the Last Glacial Maximum to the early Holocene recorded in an accurately-dated stalagmite

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Science Bulletin 2025年第1期70卷 90-95页

作者： Yanzhen Li Liangcheng Tan Simin Jin Hai Xu Lüfan Chen David B.Kemp ashish sinha Le Ma Chunju Huang Lawrence R.Edwards Hai Cheng State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China Xi’an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research Xi’an 710061China State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution School of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Institute of Surface-Earth System Science Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Department of Earth Science California State University Dominguez HillsCarson CA 90747USA Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of MinnesotaMinneapolis MN 55455USA Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Characterization of transport pathways and depositional changes in Mercury(Hg)and their connection to climatic and environmental changes on various time scales are crucial for better understanding the anthropogenic impacts on the global Hg cycle in the Anthropocene *** this study,we examined Hg variations recorded in a stalagmite from central China,covering the period from 25.5 to 10.9 thousand years *** data show a marked increase in Hg concentrations during the late Last Glacial Maximum,which coincided with the period of highest dust deposition on the Chinese Loess *** concentrations were lower during Heinrich events 1 and 2 and the Younger Dryas but higher during the BùllingAllerùd and the early *** suggest that regional dust load,which enhances atmospheric dry deposition of Hg,is the primary factor influencing Hg deposition in central China on glacialinterglacial *** millennial-to-centennial timescales,climate also plays a significant *** and wetter conditions increase vegetation,litterfall,and soil/rock weathering,which in turn boost mineral dissolution and soil erosion in the vadose *** processes collectively result in higher Hg concentrations in the stalagmite.

关键词： Speleothem Hg Glacial-interglacial cycle Millennial-to centennial-scale

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Understanding Interannual Variations of the Local Rainy Season over the Southwest Indian Ocean

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第11期38卷 1852-1862页

作者： Hanying LI Peng HU Qiong ZHANG ashish sinha Hai CHENG Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710054China Center for Monsoon ystem Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Department of Physical Geography and Bolin Centre for Climate Research Stockholm UniversityStockholm SE 10691Sweden Department of Earth Science California State UniversityDominguez HillsCarson CA 90747USA Department of Earth Sciences University of MinnesotaMinneapolis MN 55455USA

Located at the southern boundary of the tropical rainfall belt within the South Africa monsoon regime,Rodrigues Island,~2500 km east of East Africa,is ideally located to investigate climatic changes over the southwest Indian Ocean(SWIO).In this study,we investigate the climatic controls of its modern interannual rainfall variability in terms of teleconnection and local *** find that increased rainfall over the SWIO tends to occur in association with anomalously warm(cold)SSTs over the equatorial central Pacific(Maritime Continent),resembling the central Pacific El Niño,closely linked with the Victoria mode in the North *** analyses show that the low-level convergence induced by warm SST over the equatorial central Pacific leads to anomalous low-level divergence over the Maritime Continent and convergence over a large area surrounding the Rodrigues Island,which leads to increased rainfall over the SWIO during the rainy ***,the excited Rossby wave along the tropical Indian Ocean transports more water vapor from the tropical convergence zone into the SWIO via intensified northwest ***,positive feedback induced by the Rossby wave response to the increased rainfall in the region contributes to the large interannual variations over the SWIO.

关键词： southwest Indian Ocean interannual rainfall variability Pacific Walker Circulation Rossby wave positive feedback

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Modern Indo-Pacific tropical drying trend in the context of the last 2700 years

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Science Bulletin 2020年第3期65卷 173-174页

作者： ashish sinha Department of Earth Science&Geography California State University Dominguez HillsCarsonCA 90747USA

Instrumental observations from many tropical and monsoonal regions,particularly from some of the most densely populated locations in Indo-Pacific and the maritime continent,are revealing a rather worrisome *** rainfall appears to be declining since the middle of the 20th century(Fig.1).Identifying the primary drivers of this drying trend is crucial to assess whether it stems from anthropogenic forcing and thus,expected to continue or merely a manifestation of multi-decadal or longer-term natural climate *** in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,Tan et al.[1]show that the decades-long drying trend in the north central IndoPacific(NCIP)region is not unique in the context of the region’s hydroclimate variability during the last two to three millennia;and in fact,the study indicates that NCIP was struck by previous episodes of drier condition,rivaling that of the current drying *** study further underscores the classic detection and attribution problem faced by climate scientists today in parsing the relative influence of anthropogenic forced changes in rainfall from natural variability[2].

关键词： La 干旱趋势太平洋

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Infection does not increase long-term mortality in patients with acute severe alcoholic hepatitis treated with corticosteroids

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第11期23卷 2052-2059页

作者： Ashwin D Dhanda ashish sinha Vicky Hunt Sarah Saleem Matthew E Cramp Peter L Collins Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry South West Liver Unit Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust Department of Liver Medicine University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust

AIM To determine whether infection in patients with acute severe alcoholic hepatitis(AAH) treated with corticosteroids is associated with increased *** Consecutive patients with AAH were treated with steroids and recruited to the study. Clinically relevant infections(body temperature > 38 ℃ or 0.25 ×109/L, consolidation on chest radiograph or clinically relevant positive microbiological culture of bodily fluid) were recorded prospectively. Clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded and survival at 90 d and 6 mo was determined. Univariate analysis of factors associated with 90-d mortality was performed and significant variables included in a multivariate *** Seventy-two patients were included in the final analysis(mean age 47.9 years, 26% female, mean discriminant function 53.0). Overall mortality in the group occurred in 15(21%), 23(32%) and 31(43%) at day 28, day 90 and 1 year respectively. 36(50%) had a clinically relevant infection during their hospitalisation(23 after initiation of steroids). The median time to development of incident infection after commencement of steroids was 10 d. The commonest site of infection was ascites(31%) and bacteraemia(31%) followed by urinary tract(19%) and respiratory tract(8%). Forty-one separate organisms were isolated in 33 patients; the most frequent genus was Escherichia(22%) and Enterococcus(20%). Infection was not associated with 90-d or 1 year mortality but was associated with higher creatinine, model for end-stage liver disease and Lille score. Baseline urea was the only independent predictor of 90-d *** Clinically relevant infections are common in patients with AAH but are not associated with increased 90-d or 1 year mortality.

关键词： Alcoholic hepatitis Escherichia Infection Lille score Corticosteroids

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西南印度洋罗德里格斯岛石笋记录的新仙女木事件

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第四纪研究 2019年第4期39卷 1006-1017页

作者：李瀚瑛 ashish sinha 程海 Spotl Christoph 宁有丰西安交通大学全球环境变化研究院陕西西安710054 加利福尼亚州立大学多明戈兹山分校美国加利福尼亚90747 Department of Earth Sciences University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN 55455 USA 因斯布鲁克大学地质系奥地利因斯布鲁克6020

新仙女木(Younger Dryas,简称YD)事件是末次冰消期末期升温过程中北半球高纬一次剧烈的突变降温事件,主流机制为淡水注入北大西洋减缓了北大西洋翻转环流,使得北半球普遍降温、热带辐合带南移等全球范围的气候重组.虽然该事件研究程度较... 详细信息

新仙女木(Younger Dryas,简称YD)事件是末次冰消期末期升温过程中北半球高纬一次剧烈的突变降温事件,主流机制为淡水注入北大西洋减缓了北大西洋翻转环流,使得北半球普遍降温、热带辐合带南移等全球范围的气候重组.虽然该事件研究程度较高,然而其在南半球、尤其在西南印度洋的气候变化模态尚不明朗.本研究利用来自罗德里格斯岛(罗岛)高分辨率、高精度定年的石笋氧同位素(δ18O)记录,重建了过去13. 3~10. 8 ka期间(对应石笋样品100~169 mm)西南印度洋亚热带地区的气候变化.结果表明,在YD事件期间罗岛石笋δ18O相对偏重,指示降水相对减少.与印度洋北岸的地质记录对比显示, YD时期罗岛石笋记录与众多亚洲季风石笋氧同位素记录共同展现出偏重的"谷状结构",并且显示出"缓进快出"的不对称特征.与印度洋东岸的地质记录对比结果显示,罗岛石笋δ18O与印太暖池南北边缘记录共同显示出偏干状态,而与近赤道记录的气候特征不同.与印度洋西岸的地质记录对比结果显示,东非热带赤道地区至南部亚热带地区呈现"北干南湿"的特征.罗岛与东非赤道地区的气候变化也具有一致性. YD时期,热带辐合带南移而罗岛降水却减少,可能原因是热带辐合带强度减弱,削弱了对流降水,使得亚洲季风从源区至下游地带水汽传输均发生减弱.

关键词：新仙女木事件罗德里格斯岛印度洋石笋热带辐合带

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Orbital-scale Asian summer monsoon variations:Paradox and exploration

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第4期64卷 529-544页

作者： Hai CHENG Haiwei ZHANG Yanjun CAI Zhengguo SHI Liang YI Chenglong DENG Qingzhen HAO Youbing PENG ashish sinha Hanying LI Jingyao ZHAO Ye TIAN Jonathan BAKER Carlos PEREZ-MEJIAS Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi'an Jiao tong UniversityXi'an 710054China State Key Laboratory^of Loess and Quaternary Geology1 Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710061China Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics Ministry of Land and ResourcesInstitute of Karst GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesGuilin 541004China State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Earth Sciences California State University Dominguez HillsCarson 90747USA

The Asian summer monsoon(ASM) is a vast climate system, whose variability is critical to the livelihoods of billions of people across the Asian continent. During the past half-century, much progress has been made in understanding variations on a wide range of timescales, yet several significant issues remain unresolved. Of note are two long-standing problems concerning orbital-scale variations of the ASM.(1) Chinese loess magnetic susceptibility records show a persistent glacial-interglacial dominated ~100 kyr(thousand years) periodicity, while the cave oxygen-isotope(δ18 O) records reveal periodicity in an almost pure precession band(~20 kyr periodicity)—the "Chinese 100 kyr problem".(2) ASM records from the Arabian Sea and other oceans surrounding the Asian continent show a significant lag of 8–10 kyr to Northern Hemisphere summer insolation(NHSI), whereas the Asian cave δ18 O records follow NHSI without a significant lag—a discrepancy termed the "sea-land precession-phase paradox". How can we reconcile these differences? Recent and more refined model simulations now provide spatial patterns of rainfall and wind across the precession cycle, revealing distinct regional divergences in the ASM domain, which can well explain a large portion of the disparities between the loess, marine, and cave proxy records. Overall, we also find that the loess, marine, and cave records are indeed complementary rather than incompatible, with each record preferentially describing a certain aspect of ASM dynamics. Our study provides new insight into the understanding of different hydroclimatic proxies and largely reconciles the "Chinese 100 kyr problem" and "sea-land precession-phase paradox".

关键词： ASM Orbital cycles Precession phase Different climatic proxies

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Milankovitch theory and monsoon

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The Innovation 2022年第6期3卷 77-91页

作者： Hai Cheng Hanying Li Lijuan Sha ashish sinha Zhengguo Shi Qiuzhen Yin Zhengyao Lu Debo Zhao Yanjun Cai Yongyun Hu Qingzhen Hao Jun Tian Gayatri Kathayat Xiyu Dong Jingyao Zhao Haiwei Zhang Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China Department of Earth Sciences California State UniversityDominguez HillsCarsonCA 90747USA Georges Lemaître Center for Earth and Climate Research Earth and Life InstituteUniversitéCatholique de Louvain1348 Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science Lund UniversitySölvegatan 1222362 LundSweden Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences School of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment Institute of Geology and GeophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

The widely accepted“Milankovitch theory”explains insolation-induced waxing and waning of the ice sheets and their effect on the global climate on orbital *** the past half century,however,the theory has often come under scrutiny,especially regarding its“100-ka problem.”Another drawback,but the one that has received less attention,is the“monsoon problem,”which pertains to the exclusion of monsoon dynamics in classic Milankovitch theory even though the monsoon prevails over the vast low-latitude(30N to30S)region that covers half of the Earth’s surface and receives the bulk of solar *** this review,we discuss the major issues with the current form of Milankovitch theory and the progress made at the research forefront.

关键词： monsoon latitude Earth

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Comparison of Acoustic Respiration Rate, Impedance Pneumography and Capnometry Monitors for Respiration Rate Accuracy and Apnea Detection during GI Endoscopy Anesthesia

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2013年第2期3卷 74-79页

作者： Basavana Gouda Goudra Lakshmi C. Penugonda Rebecca M. Speck ashish C. sinha Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Perelman School of Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine Drexel University College of Medicine Philadelphia USA Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Perelman School of Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA Department of Surgery Perelman School of Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA

Study Objective: To assess the accuracy of respiration rate measurements and the ability to detect apnea by capnometry, impedance pneumography and a new method, acoustic respiration rate monitoring, in anesthetized patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Endoscopy procedures laboratory. Patients: 98 patients scheduled for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with propofol-based anesthesia. Interventions: Patients were monitored for respiration rate with acoustic respiration rate monitoring, capnometry and impedance pneumography and values were compared to the manual counting of breaths by observation of chest wall movements. Additionally, when any respiration rate monitor indicated a cessation of breathing for 30 seconds or greater, the presumed apnea was confirmed by direct observation of the patient for absence of chest wall movements. Measurements and Main Results: Bias and precision for respiration rate measurement was 0 ± 1.0 bpm for acoustic monitoring, 4.8 ± 15.1 bpm for capnometry and 0.4 ± 5.9 bpm for impedance pneumography. Sensitivity and specificity for detection of apnea was 73% and 93% for acoustic monitoring, 73% and 12% for capnometry and 45% and 93% for impedance pneumography. Conclusions: Acoustic respiration rate monitoring was found to be accurate for assessment of respiration rate and to have similar or better sensitivity and specificity for detection of apnea compared to capnometry and impedance pneumography in the setting of upper GI endoscopy.

关键词： Capnography Endoscopy Monitoring Physiologic Respiratory Rate

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波令—阿勒罗德间冰期时期西南印度夏季季风降雨的变化性

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海洋地质动态 2006年第5期22卷 15-17页

作者： ashish sinha 徐明芝

北方春季时期印度次大陆和西藏高原的差异性增热吸引了印度洋的潮湿空气穿越印度大陆,产生了世界上最显著的西南印度夏季季风(ISM)体系(Webster,1987).世界上大约25%的人口受到这种季节降雨的影响.20世纪60年代末期,印度约150万人死于连... 详细信息

北方春季时期印度次大陆和西藏高原的差异性增热吸引了印度洋的潮湿空气穿越印度大陆,产生了世界上最显著的西南印度夏季季风(ISM)体系(Webster,1987).世界上大约25%的人口受到这种季节降雨的影响.20世纪60年代末期,印度约150万人死于连续3年的季风失常(重大灾害数据库,2005).弄清有仪器记录(AD 1850)之前的ISM变化性对于提高季风预测能力是很重要的.

关键词：夏季季风印度大陆降雨西南间冰期 20世纪60年代印度次大陆灾害数据库潮湿空气西藏高原

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Current concepts and recent trends in endothelial keratoplasty

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World Journal of Transplantation 2025年第2期15卷 84-105页

作者： Prateek Nishant Bharat Gurnani Prabhakar Singh Sony sinha Kirandeep Kaur ashish Kumar Ranjeet Kumar sinha Department of Ophthalmology-Refractive Surgery Uvea and Neuro-OphthalmologyAkhand Jyoti Eye HospitalMastichakSaran 841219BiharIndia Department of Cataract CorneaExternal DiseasesTraumaOcular SurfaceRefractive Surgery and Contact LensGomabai Netralaya and Research CenterNeemuch 458441Madhya PradeshIndia Department of Ophthalmology-Cornea and Ocular Surface All India Institute of Medical SciencesKalyani 741245West BengalIndia Department of Ophthalmology-Vitreo-Retina Neuro-Ophthalmology and OculoplastyAll India Institute of Medical SciencesPatna 801507BiharIndia Department of Cataracts Pediatric Ophthalmology and StrabismusGomabai Netralaya and Research CenterNeemuch 458441Madhya PradeshIndia Department of Cornea and Refractive Surgery Laxmi NetralayaJamal RoadPatna 800001BiharIndia Department of Community Medicine Patna Medical CollegePatna 800004BiharIndia

Endothelial keratoplasty(EK)is defined as an umbrella term comprising methods for selective surgical replacement of corneal endothelium and adjacent corneal tissue,which retains healthy portions of a patient's cornea while replacing diseased innermost corneal layer(s)with healthy donor tissue,to achieve corneal dehydration and transparency before the onset of irreversible stromal edema and permanent loss of corneal ***,the pathophysiology of corneal decompensation is increasingly being researched *** improvement in pharmacotherapy is progressively leading to reduction in the indications of *** addition,EK techniques have progressed towards using thinner tissue,optimizing visual *** have enabled better donor tissue formulation,usage,and attachment,and surgical modifications have enhanced the tissue utilization in difficult clinical scenarios lowering failure and ***,challenges are encountered in various complex clinical scenarios in-cluding eyes with prior intraocular surgery,complex anterior chamber anatomy,glaucoma,ocular surface disease *** complexities demand tailored surgical strategies,including modifications in graft handling,instru-mentation,and postoperative management to ensure *** to these details and addressing patient-specific factors can help improve outcomes in these difficult *** choice of procedure depends on multiple factors,including the surgeon's experience,patient's ocular anatomy,and the specific clinical *** review article encompasses the recent developments in this field presenting a comprehensive picture of our modern understanding of the indications,contraindications,surgical techniques,clinical situations,community aspects and future directions pertaining to EK.

关键词： Cell-and tissue-based Therapy Corneal transplantation Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty Immunosuppression therapy Refractive surgical procedures

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