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Socio-Economic Drivers of Deforestation in Roghani Valley,Hindu-Raj Mountains,Northern Pakistan

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第1期11卷 167-179页

作者： Fazlur rahman Fazlul HAQ Iffat TABASSUM Ihsan ULLAH Institute of Geography Urban & Regional Planning University of Peshawar

Deforestation and associated ecological disturbances are the issues of global *** have investigated a number of driving forces which accelerate the rate of deforestation at local and regional *** include poverty,population growth,market demand and prices,political instability,agricultural expansion and changes in property right and ownership *** paper seeks to explore the impacts of population growth,changing tenure system and other socioeconomic factors on the forest cover of Roghani Valley,located in Hindu Raj Mountains,Northern *** present study is mainly based on information collected through participatory observation,selfadministered interviews and questionnaire *** Information System(GIS) database is also used for mapping and *** results reveal that in the past three to four decades the study area has been subjected to severe deforestation and about half of the forest area has been converted into barren ***,the area under natural forests decreased from 2099 to 1444 hectares in four *** large-scale deforestation is attributed to both proximate and under lying causes particularly traditional land tenure system and demographic ***,forest resources have been degraded and a number of plant species have disappeared from the forests of the study area while several others are in the process of disappearance.

关键词： Deforestation Natural Vegetation Cover Population Growth Traditional Tenure Systems Land Use and Land Cover Change Household Dynamics

Landslide initiation and runout susceptibility modeling in the context of hill cutting and rapid urbanization: a combined approach of weights of evidence and spatial multicriteria

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第10期14卷 1919-1937页

作者： rahman Md.Shahinoor AHMED Bayes DI Liping Center for Spatial Information Science and Systems George Mason University BUET-Japan Institute of Disaster Prevention and Urban Safety Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction Department of Earth SciencesUniversity College London (UCL) Department of Disaster Science and Management Faculty of Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Dhaka

Rainfall induced landslides are a common threat to the communities living on dangerous hillslopes in Chittagong Metropolitan Area, Bangladesh. Extreme population pressure, indiscriminate hill cutting, increased precipitation events due to global warming and associated unplanned urbanization in the hills are exaggerating landslide events. The aim of this article is to prepare a scientifically accurate landslide susceptibility map by combining landslide initiation and runout maps. Land cover, slope, soil permeability, surface geology, precipitation, aspect, and distance to hill cut, road cut, drainage and stream network factor maps were selected by conditional independence test. The locations of 56 landslides were collected by field surveying. A weight of evidence(Wo E) method was applied to calculate the positive(presence of landslides) and negative(absence of landslides) factor weights. A combination of analytical hierarchical process(AHP) and fuzzymembership standardization(weighs from 0 to 1) was applied for performing a spatial multi-criteria evaluation. Expert opinion guided the decision rule for AHP. The Flow-R tool that allows modeling landslide runout from the initiation sources was applied. The flow direction was calculated using the modified Holmgren's algorithm. The AHP landslide initiation and runout susceptibility maps were used to prepare a combined landslide susceptibility map. The relative operating characteristic curve was used for model validation purpose. The accuracy of Wo E, AHP, and combined susceptibility map was calculated 96%, 97%, and 98%, respectively.

关键词： Landslide susceptibility Landslide runout GIS Remote sensing Weights of evidence(Wo E) Analytical hierarchical process(AHP) Relative operating characteristic(ROC) Bangladesh

Artificial Intelligence-Driven Vehicle Fault Diagnosis to Revolutionize Automotive Maintenance:A Review

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第11期141卷 951-996页

作者： Md Naeem Hossain Md Mustafizur rahman Devarajan Ramasamy Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahPekan26600Malaysia Automotive Engineering Center Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan AbdullahPekan26600Malaysia

Conventional fault diagnosis systems have constrained the automotive industry to damage vehicle maintenance and component longevity ***,there is a growing demand for advanced fault diagnosis technologies to mitigate the impact of these limitations on unplanned vehicular downtime caused by unanticipated vehicle *** to vehicles’increasingly complex and autonomous nature,there is a growing urgency to investigate novel diagnosis methodologies for improving safety,reliability,and *** Artificial Intelligence(AI)has provided a great opportunity in this area,a systematic review of the feasibility and application of AI for Vehicle Fault Diagnosis(VFD)systems is ***,this review brings new insights into the potential of AI in VFD methodologies and offers a broad analysis using multiple *** focus on reviewing relevant literature in the field of machine learning as well as deep learning algorithms for fault diagnosis in engines,lifting systems(suspensions and tires),gearboxes,and brakes,among other vehicular *** then delve into some examples of the use of AI in fault diagnosis and maintenance for electric vehicles and autonomous *** review elucidates the transformation of VFD systems that consequently increase accuracy,economization,and prediction in most vehicular sub-systems due to AI ***,the limited performance of systems based on only one of these AI techniques is likely to be addressed by combinations:The integration shows that a single technique or method fails its expectations,which can lead to more reliable and versatile diagnostic *** synthesizing current information and distinguishing forthcoming patterns,this work aims to accelerate advancement in smart automotive innovations,conforming with the requests of Industry 4.0 and adding to the progression of more secure,more dependable *** findings underscored the necessity for cross-disciplinary cooperation

关键词： Artificial intelligence machine learning deep learning vehicle fault diagnosis predictive maintenance

A Cyber Kill Chain Approach for Detecting Advanced Persistent Threats

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第5期67卷 2497-2513页

作者： Yussuf Ahmed A.Taufiq Asyhari Md Arafatur rahman School of Computing and Digital Technology Birmingham City UniversityBirminghamUK Faculty of Computing IBM CoEERASUniversity Malaysia PahangPahangMalaysia

The number of cybersecurity incidents is on the rise despite significant investment in security *** existing conventional security approaches have demonstrated limited success against some of the more complex *** is primarily due to the sophistication of the attacks and the availability of powerful *** devices such as the Internet of Things(IoT)are also increasing attack exposures due to the increase in *** the last few years,we have seen a trend moving towards embracing edge technologies to harness the power of IoT devices and 5G *** technology brings processing power closer to the network and brings many advantages,including reduced latency,while it can also introduce vulnerabilities that could be *** cities are also dependent on technologies where everything is *** interconnectivity makes them highly vulnerable to cyber-attacks,especially by the Advanced Persistent Threat(APT),as these vulnerabilities are amplified by the need to integrate new technologies with legacy *** behind APT attacks have recently been targeting the IoT ecosystems,prevalent in many of these *** this paper,we used a publicly available dataset on Advanced Persistent Threats(APT)and developed a data-driven approach for detecting APT stages using the Cyber Kill *** are highly sophisticated and targeted forms of attacks that can evade intrusion detection systems,resulting in one of the greatest current challenges facing security *** this experiment,we used multiple machine learning classifiers,such as Naïve Bayes,Bayes Net,KNN,Random Forest and Support Vector Machine(SVM).We used Weka performance metrics to show the numeric *** best performance result of 91.1%was obtained with the Naïve Bayes *** hope our proposed solution will help security professionals to deal with APTs in a timely and effective manner.

关键词： Advanced persistent threat APT Cyber Kill Chain data breach intrusion detection cyber-attack attack prediction data-driven security and machine learning

Interferences in Photodetached Electron Spectra from a Linear Tetra-Atomic Negative Ion

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Chinese Physics Letters 2011年第6期28卷 102-105页

作者： A.rahman Iftikhar Ahmad A.Afaq M.Haneef Department of Physics Hazara UniversityMansehraPakistan Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics University of the PunjabQuid-e-Azam CampusLahore-54590Pakistan

Photo-detached electron spectra from a hypothetical linear tetra-atomic negative ion is obtained.A plane polarized laser parallel to the axis of the molecular ion is used to knock off the loosely bound *** spectrum of the detached-electron flux shows strong interference peaks,while the number of peaks increases with the increase in the photon *** oscillations are also observed in the total photodetachment cross section *** frequency of the oscillations increases with the increase in the distance between the successive atoms d in the linear *** quantum interference effects vanish for very large d or very high photon energy.

关键词： spectrum energy successive

Numerical investigation of transitions in flow states and variation in aerodynamic forces for flow around square cylinders arranged inline

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2018年第11期31卷 2111-2123页

作者： Waqas SARWAR ABBASI Shams UL ISLAM Lubna FAIZ Hamid rahman Mathematics Department Air UniversityIslamabad Mathematics Department COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Mathematics and Statistics Department Bacha Khan University

This study focuses on the transitions in flow states around two-, three-and four-inline square cylinders under the effect of Reynolds numbers at two different gap spacing values using the lattice Boltzmann method. For this purpose, Reynolds number is varied in the range 1–130 while two different values of spacing taken into account are gap spacing =2 and 5. Before going to actual problem, the code is tested for flow around a single square cylinder by comparing the results with experimental and numerical results of other researchers, and good agreement is *** current numerical computations yield that for both spacing values and all combinations of cylinders there exist three different sates of flow depending on Reynolds numbers: steady state, transitional state and unsteady state. It is found that the range of Reynolds numbers for these flow states is different for both spacing values. At gap spacing =2 the range of Reynolds numbers for each flow state decreases by increasing the number of cylinders while at gap spacing =5 opposite trend is observed. The results also show that at gap spacing =2 the reduction in drag force is greater than the corresponding reduction at gap spacing =5. The maximum reduction in drag force is observed at Reynolds numbers =1 at both spacing values. Similarly, at both spacing values and all Reynolds numbers, the maximum reduction in drag force is observed for the case of four-inline square cylinders.

关键词： Drag reduction Flow states Gap spacing Inline cylinders Reynolds number

Prediction of Group Delay Distribution Around Receiving Point Using Modified IRI Model and IGRF Model

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2011年第6期24卷 797-806页

作者： YAN Zhaowen WANG Gang LI Weimina YU Dapeng Toyobur rahman School of Electronics and Information Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 China School of Information Engineering The PLA Information Engineering University Zhengzhou 450002 China

The international reference ionosphere （IRI） model is generally accepted standard ionosphere model. It describes the ionosphere environment in quiet state and predicts the ionosphere parameters within a certain precision. In this paper, we have made a breakthrough in the application of the IRI model by modifying the model for regions of China. The main objectives of this modification are to construct the ionosphere parameters foF2 and M （3000） F2 by using the Chinese reference ionosphere （CRI） coefficients, appropriately increase hmE and hmF2 height, reduce the thickness of F layer, validate the parameter by the measured values, and solve the electron concentration distribution with quasi-parabolic segment （QPS）. In this paper, 3D ray tracing algorithm is constructed based on the modified IRI model and international geomagnetic reference field （IGRF） model. In short-wave propagation, it can be used to predict the electromagnetic parameters of the receiving point, such as the receiving area, maximum useable frequency （MUF） and the distribution of the group delay etc., which can help to determine the suitability of the communication. As an example, we estimate the group delay distributions around Changchun in the detection from Qingdao to Changchun using the modified IRI model and IGRF model, and provide technical support for the short-wave communication between the two cities.

关键词： IRI IGRF ray tracing short-wave communication group delay

COVID-19: Challenges and viewpoints from low-and-middle-income Asian countries perspectives

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2020年第2期1卷 70-72页

作者： Yasmin Jahan Atiqur rahman Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University1-2-3 Minami-kuHiroshima-shi 734-0046Japan Department of Society and Culture(IKOS) Division Ageing and Social ChangeLinköping UniversitySweden

The crisis of coronavirus disease(COVID-19)is growing and has a potential impact on low-and-middle-income countries(LMICs),particularly in Asian regions,which,have reported less so *** main purpose of this article is to discuss the challenges of COVID-19 management in Asian LMICs and propose some future guidelines to control the transmission and *** to a highly dense population,low-resourced health system,lack of testing kit,and tracing,the ultimate impact could be *** is highly likely that Asian LMICs were not in the center of receiving high priority by the international community in order to take effective prevention *** might upsurge *** the symptoms,mode of transmission varies largely due to a number of unknown clinical features of the virus,defining a risk group only based on some limited criteria such as age and disease with comorbidity could be *** some of the Asian LMICs launched contact tracing ***,the study has identified several healthcare challenges in Asian LMICs such as shortage of supply of PPE,inadequate long-term care services,the socio-cultural differences which require utmost *** addition,to control infection and enhance prevention,some pertinent problems need to be *** on that,some multifactorial approaches can be taken in line with international ***,this paper recommends developing a strong and resilient healthcare monitoring system.

关键词： COVID-19 Asian Low-middle income countries Challenges control Prevention

Financial management for custom hire service of tractor in Bangladesh

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2013年第3期6卷 28-33页

作者： Anisur rahman Most.Latifunnahar Md Monjurul Alam Department of Farm Power and Machinery Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensingh-2202Bangladesh

The main purpose of the study was to determine the economic parameters and effective schedules for tractor *** data from various sources were used in this *** essential data were collected from primary sources through *** costs were calculated and project financial profitability was determined by four major factors on farm financial measurement techniques,namely,benefit-cost ratio(BCR),net present value(NPV),internal rate of return(IRR),and payback *** the economic use,land topography and cropping pattern was developed to effective scheduling for tractor *** operating cost of tractor with implement was found to be US$9.25 per *** replacement of the existing tractor on expiry of economic life,the entrepreneur has to save an amount of US$219 per year in a bank *** on the operating cost,annual savings for replacement and a profit margin for the entrepreneur,the rent-out charge of the tractor is estimated at US$11.58 per *** 10%interest rate,the NPV of the tractor at existing condition is US$*** NPV of tractor indicates that tractor entrepreneurship is considered financially sound and the project is financially viable,with an average IRR of 36.96%.This is because IRR of the tractor was higher than the bank interest rate and it is highly profitable from the viewpoint of individual *** Payback period of tractor with implement was determined as 2.03 *** minimum tenure for an economic use of a common tractor used in agriculture is about 6310 *** this critical use,the utilization of a tractor is economical for a tractor *** on the cropping pattern two major and one minor turn-around periods are available in between cropping seasons for tilling *** time available for tilling of land is estimated about 140 days at 12 hours a day in a *** strengthen the existing capacity of the tractor customer hire service entrepreneurs an

关键词： tractor operating cost economic parameter effective scheduling tractor entrepreneur Bangladesh