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American Journal of Climate Change 2021年第4期10卷 581-596页

作者： Muhammad Aslam Ali Md. Rajib Hassan Zubair Al Islam Sanjit chandra Barman Badiuzzaman Khan Rehana Khatun Hafsa Jahan Hiya Md. Touhidul Islam Department of Environmental Science Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh Department of Irrigation and Water Management Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh

Climate change may badly affect the availability of water and soil nutrients to rice plant. Research experiments were conducted at the Environmental Science Departmental field, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during July 2017 to June 2019, to find out the suitable combination of biochar with inorganic fertilizers for minimizing seasonal yield scaled CH4 emissions, reducing global warming potentials (GWPs) and sustainable rice farming under feasible irrigation practices. There were ten experimental treatments with different combinations of inorganic NPKS fertilizers and biochar (15 - 30 t/ha) under conventional flooding (CF) and alternate wetting-drying irrigations (AWDI). This study revealed that NPKS fertilization (50% of the recommended doze) with 15 t/ha biochar amendments under AWD irrigation maximized rice yield 6750 kg/ha and 4380 kg/ha in dry boro and wet aman seasons respectively, while the lowest rice yield 1850 kg/ha and 1550 kg/ha were recorded in continuously irrigated control treatment (T1) during the dry and wet seasons respectively. Seasonal cumulative CH4 emission, yield scaled CH4 emission and GWPs were suppressed significantly with biochar amendments 15 - 30 t/ha under both conventional and AWDI irrigation systems during the wet and dry seasons of rice cultivation. Significant interactions were observed among biochar amendments and irrigation practices during the dry boro rice cultivation. Dry seasonal cumulative CH4 emissions were decreased by 14.7%, 18.9% and 24.8% with biochar amendments at 15 t/ha, 20 t/ha and 30 t/ha respectively under conventional irrigation;while cumulative CH4 emissions were reduced by 10.6%, 26% and 41.6% respectively, under AWDI system. Finally, total global warming potentials (GWPs) were decreased by 6% - 15%, 13% - 30% with biochar amendments under conventional and AWDI irrigations respectively, in wet season;while global warming potentials

关键词： CH4 Flux GWPs AWDI Yield Scaled CH4 Emission Dry Boro Rice Rainfed Aman Rice

Defensive Role of Plant Latex on Insect Pests’ Suppression: A Critical Review

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2023年第11期14卷 1375-1398页

作者： Kriti Singh Tamoghno Majumder Aivi Mallick Abhismita Samajder Moumita Modak Maimon Soniya Devi Amitava Banerjee Anirban Sarkar Lakshman chandra Patel Shanowly Mondal Ghosh Kusal Roy Department of Agricultural Entomology Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Mohanpur India College of Agriculture Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University Jhansi India College of Agriculture Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Barddhaman India

Over 350 million years have passed since the documentation of the first interaction between plants and insects. Numerous plant defense qualities and associated counter-adaptive features have developed as a result of these interactions between insects and plants. These characteristics might be either morphological or biological in nature. One of the most significant and useful biochemical characteristics in plants is latex. Latex has a sticky property due to presence of secondary metabolites in it, which aids in entangling or sealing the mouthparts of small insects. These metabolites also chemically interact with the insects interfering with crucial bodily processes. Plant latex has amazing properties that help protect plants from insects and inhibit them in general. It may be possible to control insect pests in a natural, secure, and long-lasting manner by correctly identifying plant latex with strong insecticidal properties and developing formulations of plant latex.

关键词： Plant Latex Insect Herbivory Plant Defence Insect-Plant Interactions

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沉积岩中横波速度各向异性实验研究

世界地质 1990年第2期9卷 48-54页

作者： chandra S Rai Kenneth E. Hanson 张中杰

作为流体静力学应力与轴向应力的函数,我们进行了沉积岩中横波速度系统性的实验研究。通过在岩石样品中传播偏振的横波并从垂直偏振的接收器接收信号而证实了沉积岩中横波速度各向异性的存在。观测到的速度各向异性的大小与施加应力的... 详细信息

作为流体静力学应力与轴向应力的函数,我们进行了沉积岩中横波速度系统性的实验研究。通过在岩石样品中传播偏振的横波并从垂直偏振的接收器接收信号而证实了沉积岩中横波速度各向异性的存在。观测到的速度各向异性的大小与施加应力的大小、性质与岩样的岩性有关。页岩表现出与非轴向及流体静力学应力无关的很大的速度各向异性,从而说明优势取向矿物的存在。砂岩也表现出很大的速度各向异性,但其各向异性与应力有极大的依赖性,还发现流体静力学应力压制速度各向异性,而非轴向应力使之加强,这意味着优势取向裂隙的存在。石灰岩表现出弱各向异性,这些实验观测对于岩性的识别等可能是有所帮助的。

关键词：沉积岩横波速度各向异性密度孔隙度

Fabrication, Characterization and Machining of Al6061 Reinforced with Red Mud Composite

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2022年第1期10卷 28-42页

作者： Poorna chandra V. Ravi Kumar R. Kiran D. V. Ravi Kumar C. R. Prakash Rao R. Suresh Department of Mechanical Engineering Global Academy of Technology Bengaluru India Department of Industrial & Automation Engineering VTU PG Centre Mysuru India

The Metal Matrix Composites application has increased in many areas of science and technology, because of its additional physical, wear and mechanical properties. In comparison with all MMC’s, aluminum-based MMC’s are finding wide applications due to their better strength to weight ratio, better stiffness, and high thermal conductivity as well as very good wear and corrosion properties. The properties of a composite mainly depend on better distribution of reinforcement in the matrix, which is very difficult to achieve. Basically Redmud is a byproduct of alumina, and it is waste product obtained during Bayer’s process. This waste product must be recycled else it may be dangerous to the environment. Redmud can be used as reinforcement for aluminium composites in order to achieve better properties. The proposed research work includes preparation of Aluminum 6061-Red mud metal matrix composites using liquid metallurgy route following stir casting technique. An alloy Al6061 containing 0.60 percent silicon and Magnesium of 0.82 percent was used as the matrix material. Two different compositions of the Aluminum 6061-Red mud composites are prepared in addition to the base matrix and evaluated for mechanical properties also the force acting on the cutting tool at different spindle speeds during machining of the composite materials were analyzed.

关键词： Al6061 Redmud Machining MMC’s Cutting Force Measurement

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抗震设计准则

世界地震工程 1982年第Z1期 113-118+30页

作者： Jai Krishna Brijesh chandra D.K.Paul 陈达生

序言当重要的结构物位于地震区时,就需要建立可靠的设计准则以考虑未来地震对结构施加的力。统观世界上的记录,似乎还找不到曾经发生强震的地方,其地质构造和地基条件,与新结构物修建的地点几

关键词：地面运动特性震源深度地震基本参数峰值地面加速度谱强度谱烈度地震参数加速度记录地震活动性震级设计准则

Tailoring lattice strain in ultra-fine high-entropy alloys for active and stable methanol oxidation

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Science China Materials 2021年第10期64卷 2454-2466页

作者： Dongdong Wang Zhiwen Chen Yu-Cheng Huang Wei Li Juan Wang Zhuole Lu Kaizhi Gu Tehua Wang Yujie Wu Chen Chen Yiqiong Zhang Xiaoqing Huang Li Tao Chung-Li Dong Jun Chen chandra Veer Singh Shuangyin Wang State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan UniversityChangsha 410082 Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of TorontoToronto ON M5S 3E4 College of Materials Science and Engineering Changsha University of Science&TechnologyChangsha 410114 ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science Intelligent Polymer Research Institute(IPRI)Australian Institute of Innovative Materials(AIIM)University of WollongongWollongong NSW 2522 Research Center for X-Ray Science&Department of Physics Tamkang UniversityNew Taipei City 25137 College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou 215123

High-entropy alloys(HEAs)have been widely studied due to their unconventional compositions and unique physicochemical properties for various ***,for the first time,we propose a surface strain strategy to tune the electrocatalytic activity of HEAs for methanol oxidation reaction(MOR).High-resolution aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy(STEM)and elemental mapping demonstrate both uniform atomic dispersion and the formation of a face-centered cubic(FCC)crystalline structure in Pt Fe Co Ni Cu *** HEAs obtained by heat treatment at 700℃(HEA-700)exhibit 0.94%compressive strain compared with that obtained at 400℃(HEA-400).As expected,the specific activity and mass activity of HEA-700 is higher than that of HEA-400 and most of the state-of-the-art *** enhanced MOR activity can be attributed to a shorter Pt–Pt bond distance in HEA-700 resulting from compressive *** nonprecious metal atoms in the core could generate compressive strain and down shift d-band centers via electron transfer to surface Pt *** work presents a new perspective for the design of high-performance HEAs electrocatalysts.

关键词： high-entropy alloys lattice strain methanol oxidation platinum-based catalysts electrocatalysis

Prevalence of Mastitis and Associated Risk Factors in Lactating Camels (Camelus Dromedarius) on Dairy Farms in Benadir Region, Somalia

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2024年第6期14卷 111-123页

作者： Shafii Abdullahi Mohamed Mahad Mohamud Abdi Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud Yonis Abukar Mohamed Ahmed Ali Omar Abdirahman Barre chandra Shaker Chouhan Md. Amimul Ehsan Faculty of Veterinary Science Benadir University Mogadishu Somalia Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry Somali National University Mogadishu Somalia Somali Animal Welfare Society (SAWS) Mogadishu Somalia Camel Research Center Mogadishu Somalia Department of Medicine Faculty of Veterinary Science Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh Bangladesh

The study took a comprehensive approach to understanding mastitis in lactating camels, a disease that significantly impacts milk quantity and quality. This complex and multifactorial disease poses a significant challenge to dairy camel farming, particularly in Somalia. The studys objective was to determine the prevalence of mastitis and the risk factors associated with it among lactating camels on dairy farms in Benadir, Somalia. To achieve this, a cross-sectional study was conducted from May to September 2022 in the Benadir region of Somalia. A total of 96 lactating camels underwent examination using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) to identify clinical and subclinical mastitis cases. Additionally, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 20 farm employees/owners to gather information on hygiene practices, parity, lactation stage, tick infestation, and the presence of udder/teat lesions. Data regarding parity and lactation stage were obtained through owner interviews. The data collected on specifically designed forms were recorded and entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet for analysis using SPSS version 20 statistical software, ensuring a comprehensive and reliable analysis of the data. The studys findings revealed a significant prevalence of camel mastitis, with 34.4% (33/96) of lactating camels affected and clinical and subclinical cases constituting 5.2% and 29.2%, respectively. Quarter-level prevalence was 46.3%, with clinical and subclinical mastitis at 4.7% and 41.6%, respectively. The study also identified significant associations (P < 0.05) among risk factors such as stage of lactation, parity, and age, indicating a higher susceptibility to mastitis in older camels during early lactation compared to those in late lactation and younger camels. These findings underscore the crucial role of inadequate hygienic conditions on camel farms and udder tick infestations in driving the elevated prevalence of mastitis, highlighting the need for improved manage

关键词： Mastitis Camel Prevalence Risk Factors Somalia

Genetic Diversity and Lineage Based on SSR Markers of Two Genomic Resources among <i>Trifolium</i>Collections Held within the Australian Pastures Genebank

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Open Journal of Genetics 2019年第1期9卷 1-14页

作者： Devendra R. Malaviya Harsh Raman Brian S. Dear Rosy Raman Ajoy K. Roy Pankaj Kaushal Amaresh chandra Steve J. Hughes ICAR—Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research Lucknow India Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation Wagga Wagga Australia ICAR—Indian Grassland and Fodder Research Institute Jhansi India ICAR—National Institute of Biotic Stress Management Raipur India South Australian Research & Development Institute Urrbrae Australia

Trifolium alexandrinum, an important forage legume, suffers from narrow genetic base. The present investigation was envisaged to reveal the inter- and intra-species genetic diversity and lineage among 64 accessions, representing a global collection, of T. alexandrinum;it’s two probable progenitor species (T. salmoneum and T. subterraneum) and the three genetically distant species (T. repens, T. vesiculosum, T. michelianum). A set of Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) primer-pairs developed from T. alexandrinum have shown to amplify alleles across the species under study, suggesting utility of the newly developed resource for assessing molecular diversity among Trifolium species. These SSRs markers together with previously reported SSRs, derived from T. repens, enabled to reveal high intra-species polymorphism in T. alexandrinum and successfully discriminate different species investigated in this study. The diverse accessions determined herein provide a superior resource for further breeding of T. alexandrinum. High allelic similarity of T. alexandrinum with T. subterraneum and T. salmoneum indicated close relatedness among the species, suggesting polyphyletic evolution of T. alexandrinum.

关键词： Egyptian Clover Evolution Genetic Resource Molecular Diversity

Genotype Environment Interaction (G ×E) of Heat Tolerant Wheat Genotypes over Locations and Years

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2021年第11期12卷 1633-1645页

作者： Md. Abdul Hakim Bhabendra Kumar Biswas Md. Hasanuzzaman Mohammad Quamrul Islam Matin Most. Bilkis Banu Naresh chandra Dev Barma Arun K. Joshi Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI) Dinajpur Bangladesh Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU) Dinajpur Bangladesh Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) Gazipur Bangladesh Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute (BWMRI) Dinajpur Bangladesh International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) NASC Complex DPS Marg New Delhi India

Twenty heat tolerant wheat genotypes were evaluated in three heat stress environments of Bangladesh such as Wheat Research Center (WRC), Nashipur, Dinajpur, Regional Wheat Research Center, BARI, Gazipur, Regional Wheat Research Center, RARS, Jashore in 2015-2016. The experiments were conducted in RCBD with three replications in 2015-2016. The stability and response to change of location and sowing time of the genotypes were assessed through AMMI model and regression coefficient analysis on seven characters, viz. days to heading, days to maturity, plant height (cm), spikes m-2, grains spike-1, 1000-grain weight (g) and yield (kg·ha-1). Among the linear interactions, sowing time alone exerted the maximum sum of square (335,388,000.00**) and among the non-linear interactions, location × year paid the highest effect (7,676,490.00**), which was followed by year × location × sowing time interaction (3,956,500.00**). The highest grain yield (4475.3 kg·ha-1) was obtained from the genotype G13, followed by the genotypes G17 (4460.8 kg·ha-1) and G19 (4404.7 kg·ha-1). The genotype G8 had the smallest interaction effect, while the genotype G14 followed by G10 responded vigorously to amelioration. The genotypes G13, G18 and G19 showed averagely high yield and showed stability over the environmental modifications. The other two genotypes G20 and G12 exhibited great reduction of yield potential under unfavorable environment. The environment 121 proceeded by J121 and G131 appeared as favorable environments. The genotypes G13 and G19 produced high yield (kg·ha-1) in the favorable environments. The genotypes G16 and G18 high IPCa1 scores, indicated sensitive to mega-environmental changes. The best genotype with respect to environment was genotype G13. Genotypes G17 and G19 were best for site E1;genotypes G14, G16 and G18 were best for site E2.

关键词： Wheat Genotype Over Location Over Years Heat Stress