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Polyethylene glycol has immunoprotective effects on sciatic allografts, but behavioral recovery and graft tolerance require neurorrhaphy and axonal fusion

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1192-1206页

作者： Tyler A.smith Liwen Zhou Cameron L.Ghergherehchi Michelle Mikesh Cathy Z.Yang Haley O.Tucker JuliAnne Allgood Jared s.Bushman george D.Bittner Department of Molecular Biosciences University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Department of Neuroscience University of Texas at AustinAustinTXUSA Division of Pharmaceutical sciences University of WyomingLaramieWYUSA

Behavioral recovery using(viable)peripheral nerve allografts to repair ablation-type(segmental-loss)peripheral nerve injuries is delayed or poor due to slow and inaccurate axonal ***,such peripheral nerve allografts undergo immunological rejection by the host immune *** contrast,peripheral nerve injuries repaired by polyethylene glycol fusion of peripheral nerve allografts exhibit excellent behavioral recovery within weeks,reduced immune responses,and many axons do not undergo Wallerian *** relative contribution of neurorrhaphy and polyethylene glycol-fusion of axons versus the effects of polyethylene glycol per se was unknown prior to this *** hypothesized that polyethylene glycol might have some immune-protective effects,but polyethylene glycol-fusion was necessary to prevent Wallerian degeneration and functional/behavioral *** examined how polyethylene glycol solutions per se affect functional and behavioral recovery and peripheral nerve allograft morphological and immunological responses in the absence of polyethylene glycol-induced axonal ***-type sciatic nerve injuries in outbred sprague–Dawley rats were repaired according to a modified protocol using the same solutions as polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,but peripheral nerve allografts were loose-sutured(loose-sutured polyethylene glycol)with an intentional gap of 1–2 mm to prevent fusion by polyethylene glycol of peripheral nerve allograft axons with host *** to negative control peripheral nerve allografts not treated by polyethylene glycol and in contrast to polyethylene glycol-fused peripheral nerve allografts,animals with loose-sutured polyethylene glycol peripheral nerve allografts exhibited Wallerian degeneration for all axons and myelin degeneration by 7 days postoperatively and did not recover sciatic-mediated behavioral functions by 42 days *** morphological signs of rejection,such as col

关键词： allograft rejection axotomy macrophage myelin nerve repair polyethylene glycol(PEG) sciatic nerve T cell transplantation Wallerian degeneration

Foreword from Editor-in-Chief george ***--China’s Outreach to the World:Public Health Goes Global

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China CDC weekly 2019年第1期1卷 1-2页

作者： george F.Gao China CDC Weekly Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention

China CDC Weekly is a national public health bulletin published by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(China CDC).It will serve as the primary communications channel of China CDC for disseminating timely,reliable,authoritative,accurate,objective and useful public health information as well as recommendations to health professionals and the *** CDC Weekly is indexed and archived as a scientific journal,and its contents can therefore be searched and referenced.

关键词： journal bulletin timely

Urban China in Transformation:Hybrid Economy,Juxtaposed space,and New Testing Ground for Geographical Enquiries

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Chinese Geographical science 2011年第1期21卷 1-16页

作者： george C s LIN Department of Geography University of Hong Kong

History has brought us into a significant moment when the majority of the human kind has taken up resi-dence in urban settlements. The focus of global urbanization has shifted to the developing world and the center of manufacturing is no longer confined to the Global North. This paper provides a periodical assessment of the current status of China's urban transformation in the global context of a shifting emphasis of industrialization and urbaniza-tion. China's phenomenal urban transformation deserves a special attention not only because of its unparalleled scale and speed but also because of its distinct trajectory of growth that does not conform to normal theoretical ex-pectations. The results of assessment revealed an urban economy with remarkable hybridity, a society that is in-creasingly stratified, polarized, and segregated, and a juxtaposed urban space undergoing restless and pervasive transformation. A decentering world should entail a decentering knowledge production. A critical reflection upon the Chinese patterns and processes of urban transformation has identified 4 main issues with great potentials for inno-vative knowledge production, namely: 1) privatization and economic development; 2) state, society, and space; 3) urbanization of capital, labor, and land; and 4) the environment and Chinese political ecology. The paper closes with the remark that a rapidly transforming urban China has presented itself as a fertile and resourceful testing ground for critical and innovative geographic enquiries.

关键词： urban geography urbanization Chinese cities political economy China

Improved Feistel-based ciphers for wireless sensor network security

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Journal of Zhejiang University-science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2008年第8期9卷 1111-1117页

作者： Tamara PAZYNYUK george s. OREKU Department of Computer science and Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150006 China

Wireless sensor networks (WsNs) are exposed to a variety of attacks. The quality and complexity of attacks are rising day by day. The proposed work aims at showing how the complexity of modern attacks is growing accordingly, leading to a similar rise in methods of resistance. Limitations in computational and battery power in sensor nodes are constraints on the diversity of security mechanisms. We must apply only suitable mechanisms to WsN where our approach was motivated by the application of an improved Feistel scheme. The modified accelerated-cipher design uses data-dependent permutations, and can be used for fast hardware, firmware, software and WsN encryption systems. The approach presented showed that ciphers using this approach are less likely to suffer intrusion of differential cryptanalysis than currently used popular WsN ciphers like DEs, Camellia and so on.

关键词： security Cipher Wireless sensor network (WsN) Feistel scheme

Flexible ultra-thin super-resolution endoscopy

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science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第3期67卷 171-172页

作者： george s.D.Gordon Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University of NottinghamNottingham NG7 2RDUK

In recent years, multimode fiber(MMF) has become an important tool for high-resolution endoscopic imaging in narrow channels(e.g., in the brain via needles or inside blood vessels) due to its high mode density and fine diameter, typically stacle to widespread deployment in applications is that realistic perturbations, including bending, twisting and changes in temperature, cause unacceptable image degradation.

关键词： fiber resolution typically

Tubulovillous adenoma of anal canal: A case report

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第11期12卷 1780-1781页

作者： Bhupinder s Anand Gordana Verstovsek george Cole Departments of Medicine Pathology and surgery Michael E.DeBakey Veterans Administration Medical Center and Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTexasUnited States

Tumors arising from the anal canal are usually of epithelial origin and are mostly squamous cell carcinoma or basal cell carcinoma. We present a case of benign anal adenomas arising from the anus, an extremely rare diagnosis. A 78-year-old white man presented with rectal bleeding of several months duration. Examination revealed a 4 cm friable mass attached to the anus by a stalk. At surgery, the mass was grasped with a Babcock forceps and was resected using electrocautery. Microscopic examination revealed a tubulovillus adenoma with no areas of high grade dysplasia or malignant transformation. The squamocolumnar junction was visible at the edges of the lesion confirming the anal origin of the tumor. We believe the tubulovillus adenoma arose from either an anal gland or its duct that opens into the anus. Although seen rarely, it is important to recognize and treat these tumors at an early stage because of their potential to transform into adenocarcinoma.

关键词： Tubulovillous adenoma Anal canal

Rocahepevirus ratti: An underrecognised cause of acute hepatitis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第8期16卷 1084-1090页

作者： george s Gherlan Department of Infectious Diseases “Carol Davila”University of Medicine and PharmacyBucharest 050474Romania

Zoonoses are responsible for many of all emerging infectious diseases as well as for those already *** ratti is a rat-originated virus related to the hepatitis E virus(Paslahepevirus balayani)but highly divergent genetically from this,with a high cross-species infection potential and zoonotic *** can infect humans,leading to acute hepatitis,and is primarily transmitted through the consumption of contaminated *** ratti was first discovered in Germany in *** first human case was described in 2017 in Hong Kong in an immune-compromised *** first case of chronic infection with Rocahep-evirus ratti was described in 2023.A meta-analysis based on 38 studies published between 2000 and 2023 identified 21 cases in humans described up to this date and 489 infections in different *** awareness regarding this virus is essential,as there are probably many cases that remain undiagnosed,and the virus even has the ability to produce chronic infections in selected patients.

关键词： Hepatitis Rocahepevirus ratti Rats Zoonoses Hepeviridae Liver

Thiazide-associated hyponatremia in the elderly： what the clinician needs to know

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2016年第2期13卷 175-182页

作者： george Liamis Theodosios D Filippatos Moses s Elisaf Department of Internal Medicine School of Medicine University of loannina Ioannina Greece

Thiazide-induced hyponatremia is one of the main causes of decreased sodium levels in elderly individuals. This review presents the current evidence regarding the thiazide-associated hyponatremia. Thiazide-associated hyponatremia is observed mainly in patients with certain risk factors such as those receiving large doses of thiazides, having much comorbidity, such as heart failure, liver disease or malignancy, and taking several medications, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors or tricyclic antide- pressants. sodium concentration should be monitored in patients with risk factors for developing thiazide-associated hyponatremia and clini- cians should measure promptly serum sodium levels in patients with neurologic signs indicating reduced sodium levels. The clinical and biochemical profile of patients with thiazide-associated hyponatremia may be that of extracellular volume depletion or the syndrome of inap- propriate antidiuretic hormone secretion （sIADH）. The investigation of possible thiazide-associated hyponatremia includes the exclusion of other causes of decreased sodium levels and the identification of the characteristics of hyponatremia due to thiazides （extracellular volume depletion-related or sIADH-like）. Treatment should be carefully monitored to avoid serious neurologic complications due to overcorrection. Clinicians should discourage prescribing thiazides in patients with a history of diuretic-associated hyponatremia and should prefer low doses of thiazides in patients with risk factors for developing thiazide-associated hyponatremia.

关键词： Antidiuretic hormone Diuretics Hyponatremia Potassium sodium Thiazides

Chondroitinase ABC combined with schwann cell transplantation enhances restoration of neural connection and functional recovery following acute and chronic spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第5期20卷 1467-1482页

作者： Wenrui Qu Xiangbing Wu Wei Wu Ying Wang Yan sun Lingxiao Deng Melissa Walker Chen Chen Heqiao Dai Qi Han Ying Ding Yongzhi Xia george smith Rui Li Nai-Kui Liu Xiao-Ming Xu spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Group Stark Neurosciences Research InstituteDepartment of Neurological SurgeryIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Hand surgery the Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin ProvinceChina shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center Temple University School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Anatomy&Cell Biology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA

schwann cell transplantation is considered one of the most promising cell-based therapy to repair injured spinal cord due to its unique growth-promoting and myelin-forming properties.A the Food and Drug Administration-approved Phase I clinical trial has been conducted to evaluate the safety of transplanted human autologous schwann cells to treat patients with spinal cord injury.A major challenge for schwann cell transplantation is that grafted schwann cells are confined within the lesion cavity,and they do not migrate into the host environment due to the inhibitory barrier formed by injury-induced glial scar,thus limiting axonal reentry into the host spinal *** we introduce a combinatorial strategy by suppressing the inhibitory extracellular environment with injection of lentivirus-mediated transfection of chondroitinase ABC gene at the rostral and caudal borders of the lesion site and simultaneously leveraging the repair capacity of transplanted schwann cells in adult rats following a mid-thoracic contusive spinal cord *** report that when the glial scar was degraded by chondroitinase ABC at the rostral and caudal lesion borders,schwann cells migrated for considerable distances in both rostral and caudal *** schwann cell migration led to enhanced axonal regrowth,including the serotonergic and dopaminergic axons originating from supraspinal regions,and promoted recovery of locomotor and urinary bladder ***,the schwann cell survival and axonal regrowth persisted up to 6 months after the injury,even when treatment was delayed for 3 months to mimic chronic spinal cord *** findings collectively show promising evidence for a combinatorial strategy with chondroitinase ABC and schwann cells in promoting remodeling and recovery of function following spinal cord injury.

关键词： axonal regrowth bladder function chondroitinase ABC functional recovery glial scar lentivirus migration schwann cell spinal cord injury transplantation