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Effect of spatial scale on runoff coefficient: Evidence from the Ethiopian highlands

International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第4期6卷 289-296页

作者： Tesfaye Mebrate Lemma Gizaw Desta Gessesse asfaw kebede Kassa Desalegn Chemeda Edossa Debre Berhan University Debre BerhanEthiopia Water and Land Resources Center Addis AbabaEthiopia Haramaya Institute of Technology HaramayaEthiopia South-Man Engineering ManitobaWinnipegCanada

The runoff coefficient (RC) is the ratio between the runoff and rainfall amounts and is scale dependent, which is due in part to the heterogeneity of watershed characteristics. This study quantified the spatial scale effects on runoff using long-term rainfall-runoff data on runoff plots and small watersheds. Effect of spatial scale on RC was studied for 12 runoff plots (2m by 15m) and three small watersheds (113-477 ha) in the highlands of Ethiopia using a total of 4397 and 13,92515-day cumulative pairs of rainfall and runoff data at watershed and runoff plot scales, respectively. The observed average RC of runoff plots was extrapolated based on the extent of representation of a particular watershed in terms of slope, land use, cover and soil type. The weighted RC of plots was then compared with the observed RC of the watershed to determine a scale factor for extrapolation. A decrease in RC from plot to the watershed was observed in Anjeni and Andit Tid watersheds, while an increase in RC in Maybar watershed illustrates the role of specific watershed conditions in determining the scale effect. This, in turn, suggests that the variation in scale factor is not well explained by the difference in the area alone. The scale effect of runoff generation was better explained by extrapolating the RC based on the representation of different watershed characteristics. Thus, extrapolation exercises in runoff modeling and scaling efforts of soil and water conservation practices should consider the scale effect cautiously.

关键词： Runoff coefficient Spatial scale Rainfall-runoff relation Ethiopian highlands

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Assessment of Climate Change Impacts on the Water Resources of Megech River Catchment, Abbay Basin, Ethiopia

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2017年第2期7卷 141-152页

作者： Endalkachew Abebe asfaw kebede Department of Soil and Water Resource Management Woldia University Woldia Ethiopia School of Natural Resource and Environmental Engineering Institute of Technology Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia

This study was aimed to assess the impact of climate change on the water resource of Megech river catchment. In this study, large scale regional climate model (REMO) output was downscaled statistically to metrological variables at a daily resolution using SDSM model version 5.11. We noticed that statistical downscaling smooth out the bias between REMO output and observed data. According to the projected climate data, the maximum temperature is likely to have an increasing trend +0.57°C while the minimum temperature shows a decreasing trends ﹣0.61°C. There is no clear trend for precipitation, both increasing and decreasing trend observed in the catchment. The HBV-Light hydrological model was successfully calibrated (1991-1995) and validated (1998-2000) using current climatic inputs and observed river flows. The overall performances of the model was good at monthly time scale both on calibration (NSE = 0.91) and validation (NSE = 0.86). Future discharge (2015-2050) was simulated using statistically downscaled 20 ensembles climate scenario data for both A1B and B1 scenarios. HBV-Light model simulation results showed a reduction of the peak discharge in August and September.

关键词： HBV-Light Model Megech REMO SDSM

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Farmers’ Perception of Soil Erosion and Adoption of Soil Conservation Technologies at Geshy Sub-Catchment, Gojeb River Catchment, Ethiopia

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Agricultural Sciences 2019年第1期10卷 46-65页

作者： Melku Dagnachew Alemu asfaw kebede Awdenegest Moges Natural Resources Management Wolaita Soddo University Wolaita Sodo Ethiopia Haramaya Institute of Technology Haramaya University Dire Dawa Ethiopia Hawassa Institute of Technology Hawassa University Hawassa Ethiopia

The study was conducted to investigate farmers’ perception of soil erosion, participation and adoption of soil conservation technologies (SWC) in Geshy sub-catchment of Gojeb river catchment, Omo-Gibe basin, Ethiopia during 2016. The study is based on a detailed survey of 77 households using structured interviews, field observation and focus group discussion. Descriptive and chi-square statistics were applied to analyze factors that affected farmers’ perceived soil erosion severity, participation and adoption options. The results revealed that about 79% of farmers perceived soil erosion problem and its consequences and 97.4% of them believed that it can be controlled. Almost all (97.4%) farmers acknowledged the presence of SWC technologies and about 92.2% of them were participated in conservation activities voluntarily. Thus, 93.5% of them realized decreasing rate of soil erosion and 79.9% of them observed an increasing trend in soil fertility status. Consequently, 94.8% of them confirmed the potential of SWC technologies to halt land degradation and improve land productivity. Furthermore, 98.7% of them were willing to adopt with very good adoption judgment and 94.8% of them were willing to continue maintaining constructed technologies in the future. Principally, farmers’ perception of soil erosion, their genuine participation derived from their conviction, and adoption of induced SWC technologies are the decisive elements for the success of watershed management interventions.

关键词： Adoption Perception Soil and Water Conservation Soil Erosion Geshy Sub-Catchment Ethiopia

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The Impact of Lifestyle Factors on Migraine Frequency and Severity in Neurology

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第7期12卷 301-313页

作者： Oluwatosin B. Iyun Okelue Edwards Okobi Nneka P. Sams Eleni asfaw kebede Oboatarhe Blessing Ezie Department of Public Health and Family Medicine University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa Larkin Community Hospital PSC Miami FL USA College of Health Sciences & Public Policy Walden University Minneapolis MN USA College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Family Medicine University of Benin Benin City Nigeria

Objective: This systematic review examines the impact of lifestyle factors on migraine frequency and severity through a comprehensive analysis of lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, sleep patterns, stress, mental health, and environmental influences. Methods: We thoroughly searched Google Scholar, PUBMED, Scopus, and Web of Science databases using keywords related to migraines and lifestyle factors. Keywords incorporated the Boolean operator “and” to narrow search results. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we identified, screened, and evaluated studies for inclusion, resulting in nine studies meeting the eligibility criteria. Results: A total of 4917 records were initially identified from Scopus (2786), PubMed (854), and Web of Science (1277). Following deduplication, 3657 records underwent title screening, with 382 additionally screened by abstract. Ultimately, 88 full-text articles were assessed, resulting in 9 studies meeting eligibility for qualitative synthesis: 7 prospective and 2 retrospective studies. Our findings highlight the multifaceted role of lifestyle factors in migraine pathophysiology and management. Dietary habits, such as high-calorie, high-fat, and gluten-containing diets were linked to migraine triggers. Moderate physical activity showed beneficial effects on migraine management, while intense exercise could exacerbate symptoms. Poor sleep hygiene and insomnia were strongly associated with increased migraine frequency and severity. Chronic stress and poor mental health significantly contributed to migraine exacerbation, with stress management techniques proving beneficial. Environmental factors, including light, sound, weather changes, and allergens, were also identified as significant migraine triggers. Conclusions: Personalized lifestyle modifications, tailored to individual patient profiles, are crucial in managing migraines. Evidence-based recommendations include balanced diets, moderate physical activity, improved sleep hygien

关键词： Migraine Lifestyle Factors Diet Physical Activity Sleep Patterns Stress Mental Health Environmental Factors Neurology

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Distribution of total mercury in surface sediments and African catfish(Clarias gariepinus)from Akaki River catchment and Aba Samuel Reservoir,downstream to the mega-city Addis Ababa,Ethiopia

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Emerging Contaminants 2018年第1期4卷 32-39页

作者： Alemnew Berhanu Kassegne Jonathan O.Okonkwo Tarekegn Berhanu Esho kebede Nigussie Mekonnen Tshia Malehase Seyoum Leta asfaw Center for Environmental Science Addis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia Department of Chemistry Debre Berhan UniversityP.O.Box 445Debre BerhanEthiopia Department of Environmental Water&Earth SciencesTshwane University of Technology175 Nelson Mandela DrivePrivate Bag X680ArcadiaPretoriaSouth Africa Central Research Laboratory Addis Ababa Science and Technology UniversityP.O.Box 16417AddisAbabaEthiopia Department of Chemistry Tshwane University of TechnologyP.O.Box 56208Arcadia0007South Africa Department of Chemistry College of Natural and Computational SciencesMekelle UniversityP.O.Box 231MekelleEthiopia

Total mercury(THg)levels were determined in sediment(n=22)and muscle of Clarias gariepinus(n=36)in dry and rainy seasons from Akaki River catchment and Aba Samuel Reservoir,Ethiopia in *** analyses of THg were performed using cold vapor-atomic absorption spectrometer(CV-AAS)after acid digestion *** relationship of THg levels to size of the fish has also been *** THg levels in sediments range from 9.5e43.8 mg/kg dry wt in the dry and 20.6e175.4 mg/kg dry wt in the rainy *** study indicated that the levels of THg in sediments varies spatially and *** both seasons,THg levels increased from upstream to downstream areas,revealing increased anthropogenic inputs of mercury *** was also found that the THg concentrations in all the sediment samples were below the US EPA guideline value of 200 mg/kg dry *** THg levels in Clarias gariepinus were in the range from 360e924 mg/kg dry wt in the dry and 325e1233 mg/kg dry wt in the rainy seasons,and had positive relationship to the total length and body *** THg concentrations found in Clarias gariepinus were within the acceptable guidelines of the FAO/***,the muscle of Clarias gariepinus from the study area is not hazardous to human health with respect to ***,the average value of THg seems to be slightly higher than results reported from other Ethiopian freshwater ***,monitoring of mercury species in sediment and different organs of fish are strongly recommended.

关键词： pollution. mercury upstream

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Effect of micropyle orientation on germination of Millettia ferruginea and Delonix regia

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Ecological Processes 2015年第1期4卷 138-144页

作者： Tadele Zewdie kebede Welka Wondo Genet College of Forestry and Natural Resources P.O.Box 128ShashemeneEthiopia

Introduction:In order to solve the problems related to deforestation and meet the ever increasing demands of the growing population,conserving and wise utilization of the remaining forests and supporting it with additional tree planting are *** understanding of efficient management technique including seed sowing methods for target species is *** reports and other information on proper positioning of micropyles in field conditions are lacking for Millettia ferruginea(Hochst.)Baker and Delonix regia(Bojer ex Hook.).This study was initiated to assess variations in germination characteristics of seeds sown at different orientations with respect to the micropyle position and to identify the sowing position that gives the best seed germination outcomes for those tree species when measured by selected ***:Sowing position where the micropyle of the seed was directed downward has shown the best result with regard to speed of germination,mean germination time,mean daily germination,peak value,germination value,and germination percents for both tree species and was significant for ***:It is essential to consider the effects of different sowing positions in achieving production targets with good quality *** seeds of *** should be sown in nurseries carefully by positioning its micropyle ***,seeds sown with the micropyle positioned upward showed the least results in terms of germination for both tree species(significant in ***).

关键词： Germination conditions Micropyle orientation Positive geotropism Seed

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Allometric equations for aboveground biomass estimation of Olea europaea *** in Mana Angetu Forest

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2018年第1期4卷 1-13页

作者： Birhanu kebede Teshome Soromessa Center for Environmental Science College of Natural and Computational SciencesAddis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Introduction:African wild olive,Olea europaea ***(*** ***)Cif.,L‘Olivicoltore is widely distributed in dry forest and forest margins,often with Juniperus procera,in east Africa and *** reaches southern Africa,also India and China,ranging from tall trees to stunted *** best in good forest soil,but hardy and drought resistant once established,even in poor *** is used for firewood,charcoal,poles,posts,timber(furniture,carving,floors,and paneling),medicine(stem,bark,and leaves),bee forage,milk flavoring(smoking wood),toothbrushes(twigs),and walking *** the species has many economic and ecological functions,its environmental uses like carbon storage and climate change mitigation are less ***,the objective of the study was to develop species-specific allometric equations for *** *** using semi-destructive method and evaluate allometric models for estimating the aboveground biomass(AGB).Results and Discussions:After all the necessary biomass calculations were done,seven AGB equations were *** regression equations relate AGB with diameter at breast height(DBH),height(H),and density(ρ)individually and in *** of seven,four allometric equations were chosen based on goodness-of-fit statistics and three were *** selected models were tested for accuracy based on observed *** best models selected have higher R2-adj and lower residual standard error and Akaike information criterion than rejected *** relations for all selectedmodels are significant(p<0.000),which showed strong correlation of AGB with selected dendrometric ***,the AGB was strongly correlated with DBH and was not significantly correlated with wood density and height individually in *** *** allometric equation *** combination,AGB was strongly correlated with DBH and height;DBH and wood density;and the combination of DBH,height,and wood

关键词： AGB allometricequation biomass estimation Mana Angetu Forest Olea europaea subsp.cuspidata

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Exploring multi-level risk factors and post-war burdens of trachomatous trichiasis among displaced population in Raya Kobo districts, implication for urgent action

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第8期16卷 1299-1308页

作者： Muhammad Jamal Fassikaw kebede Mersa Health Center Habru Woreda North WolloWoldiaAmhara 400Ethiopia School of Public Health College of Health ScienceWoldia UniversityWoldiaAmhara 400Ethiopia

AIM:To estimate post-war burdens of trachomatous trichiasis(TT)and multi-level risk factors among displaced population in Raya Kobo districts,implication for urgent ***:A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 603 participants from randomly selected 14 displaced slums in the Raya Kobo *** data was collected from February 16th to March 30th,*** participants were selected using the multistage sampling technique.A structured questionnaire and ophthalmic loupe with×2.5 magnificence were used to collect from ***-level binary logistic regression was used to determine associated factors with TT *** odds ratio(AOR)with 95%confidence interval(CI)were claimed for the strength of association at P<***:We recruited 602(99.9%)participants for the final *** the total,126(20.9%)and 98(16.3%,95%CI:13.5%-19.4%)participants were diagnosed with active trachoma&TT infection,*** age≥45y(AOR=7.9,95%CI:2.4-25.3),having multiple eye infections(AOR=2.73,95%CI:1.47-5.29),poor wealth index(AOR=9.2;95%CI:2.7-23.7)and twice face washing per day(AOR=0.082,95%CI:0.03-0.21)has identified as individual as factors for TT ***,distance between clean water source≥10 km(AOR=6.5,95%CI:3.9-31.3),and latrine availability(AOR=0.35,95%CI:0.21-0.58)were the two community-level factors associated with TT ***:The high prevalence of TT infection post-war throughout the study districts indicates a need for urgent clinical intervention in addition to rapid scaling up surgery,antibiotics,facial cleanliness,and environmental improvement(SAFE)strategies,strategy for high-risk ***≥45y,distance from the clean water source,poor wealth indexes,and eye infection are identified to be risk factors for TT ***,community-level preventative factors for TT infection are found as latrine availability and face washing practice.

关键词： trachoma risk factor displaced population

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Factors influencing adherence to the food by prescription program among adult HIV positive patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a facility-based, cross-sectional study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 182-191页

作者： Mesrach Ayalew kebede Jemal Haidar St.Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College Addis AbabaEthiopia School of Public Health Addis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 27285/1000Addis AbabaEthiopia

Background:One way of addressing malnutrition among HIV/AIDS patients is through the Food by Prescription program(FBP)and many studies have explained the treatment outcomes after therapeutic food supplementation,though available evidences on adherence levels and factors associated with these sorts of programs are *** findings of this study would therefore contribute to the existing knowledge on adherence to Ready-to-Use Therapeutic/Supplementary Food(RUF)in ***:A facility-based,cross-sectional study supplemented with qualitative methods was conducted among 630 adult HIV+*** level of adherence to RUF was measured using the Morisky 8-item Medication Adherence Scale(MMAS-8).The total score on the MMAS-8 ranges from 0 to 8,with scores of<6,6 to<8,and 8 reflecting low,medium,and high adherence,*** who had a low or a moderate rate of adherence were considered ***:The level of adherence was found to be 36.3%with a 95.0%response *** the exception of the educational status,other socio-demographic variables had no significant effect on *** who knew the benefits of the FBP program were 1.78 times more likely to adhere to the therapy than the referent *** the other hand,patients who were not informed on the duration of the treatment,those prescribed with more than 2 sachets/day and had been taking RUF for more than 4 month were less likely to *** main reasons for non-adherence were not liking the way the food tasted and missing follow-up *** and sharing and selling food were the other reasons,as deduced from the focus group discussion(FGD)***:The observed level of adherence to the FBP program among respondents enrolled in the intervention program was *** major factors identified with a low adherence were a low level of education,poor knowledge on the benefits of RUF,the longer duration of the program,consuming more than two prescribed sachets of

关键词： Factors Adherence Food by prescription program HIV positive Addis Ababa Ethiopia

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Interlinkage Between Global Environmental Changes,Water Resources Availability and Quality in the East African Rift:Preliminary Analyses and Some Cases:The MaWARi Project(Kenya,Ethiopia,Djibouti,France)

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地学前缘 2009年第S1期16卷 36-37页

作者： kebede Seifu Department of Earth Sciences Addis Ababa University

The East African Rift extending across Djibouti, Ethiopia and Kenya is characterized by low level of economic development,high level of poverty,increasing population,scarce natural resources(land,water, and environment),complex and rich ecosystems, increasing desertification and degrading biodiversity, underdeveloped regional trade and market,water resources mainly stored in groundwater and

关键词： East African Rift groundwater resources water availability global environmental change impacts scientific regional cooperation

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